{"id":"https://openalex.org/W181815383","doi":null,"title":"Obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease: evidence and underlying mechanisms.","display_name":"Obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease: evidence and underlying mechanisms.","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W181815383","mag":"181815383","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21643544","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3106988"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:21643544","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21643544","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Minerva pneumologica","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3106988/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060789638","display_name":"Girardin Jean\u2010Louis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6777-2724","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6777-2724"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181697535","display_name":"SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University","ror":"https://ror.org/0041qmd21","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181697535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G Jean-Louis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sleep Disorders Center, Department of Neurology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181697535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043206509","display_name":"Ferdinand Zizi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7069-4448","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7069-4448"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F Zizi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brooklyn Research Foundation on Minority Health"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brooklyn Research Foundation on Minority Health","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022854211","display_name":"Db Brown","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181697535","display_name":"SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University","ror":"https://ror.org/0041qmd21","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181697535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Db Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":["SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181697535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109247325","display_name":"Gbenga G Ogedegbe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3628-1751","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3628-1751"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G Ogedegbe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Strategies to Reduce Inequality"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Strategies to Reduce Inequality","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110381429","display_name":"J. S. Borer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181697535","display_name":"SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University","ror":"https://ror.org/0041qmd21","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181697535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Js Borer","raw_affiliation_strings":["SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181697535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059051906","display_name":"Samy I McFarlane","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181697535","display_name":"SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University","ror":"https://ror.org/0041qmd21","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181697535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Si McFarlane","raw_affiliation_strings":["SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181697535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2189,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":56,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57910431,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"48","issue":"4","first_page":"277","last_page":"293"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10234","display_name":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10234","display_name":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13505","display_name":"Apelin-related biomedical research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10316","display_name":"Sleep and related disorders","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obstructive-sleep-apnea","display_name":"obstructive sleep apnea","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-disease","display_name":"cardiovascular disease","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronary-artery-disease","display_name":"coronary artery disease","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/congestive-heart-failure","display_name":"congestive heart failure","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke","display_name":"stroke","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-positive-airway-pressure","display_name":"continuous positive airway pressure","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-pressure","display_name":"blood pressure","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/left-ventricular-systolic-function","display_name":"left ventricular systolic function","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/platelet-activation","display_name":"platelet activation","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sympathetic-activation","display_name":"sympathetic activation","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrathoracic-pressure","display_name":"intrathoracic pressure","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxidative-stress","display_name":"oxidative stress","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coagulopathy","display_name":"coagulopathy","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endothelial-dysfunction","display_name":"endothelial dysfunction","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systemic-inflammation","display_name":"systemic inflammation","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolic-syndrome","display_name":"metabolic syndrome","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sleep-disordered-breathing","display_name":"sleep-disordered breathing","score":0.8479999899864197}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776006263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16606552","display_name":"Obstructive sleep apnea","level":2,"score":0.8638736009597778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7874811291694641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777935920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213600","display_name":"Sleep apnea","level":2,"score":0.6701560020446777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779547634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165502","display_name":"Continuous positive airway pressure","level":3,"score":0.6668275594711304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778198053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181754","display_name":"Heart failure","level":2,"score":0.643746018409729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.6343917846679688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.5223416090011597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781326671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754424","display_name":"Apnea","level":2,"score":0.5099512338638306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018697912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179217","display_name":"Platelet activation","level":3,"score":0.5086442232131958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5071945190429688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778213512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844935","display_name":"Coronary artery disease","level":2,"score":0.5058667063713074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.46846434473991394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89560881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101026","display_name":"Platelet","level":2,"score":0.15255403518676758}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:21643544","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21643544","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Minerva pneumologica","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3106988","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3106988/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Minerva Pneumol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:181815383","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21643544","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3106988","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3106988/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Minerva Pneumol","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6849156147","display_name":"Promoting Adherence to Sleep Apnea Treatment among Blacks with Metabolic Syndrome","funder_award_id":"R01MD004113","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337534","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337534","display_name":"National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities","ror":"https://ror.org/0493hgw16"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":97,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1156678","https://openalex.org/W21164167","https://openalex.org/W51307393","https://openalex.org/W91591195","https://openalex.org/W130795321","https://openalex.org/W139856290","https://openalex.org/W579778697","https://openalex.org/W1486069605","https://openalex.org/W1976462133","https://openalex.org/W1977325333","https://openalex.org/W1980418279","https://openalex.org/W1983752874","https://openalex.org/W1985397936","https://openalex.org/W1988114644","https://openalex.org/W1990735759","https://openalex.org/W1995016231","https://openalex.org/W1995868504","https://openalex.org/W1996692474","https://openalex.org/W1998508706","https://openalex.org/W2000497034","https://openalex.org/W2001493318","https://openalex.org/W2007031361","https://openalex.org/W2010994809","https://openalex.org/W2018281450","https://openalex.org/W2020001173","https://openalex.org/W2022358071","https://openalex.org/W2027471786","https://openalex.org/W2028026454","https://openalex.org/W2029231825","https://openalex.org/W2031298531","https://openalex.org/W2035557978","https://openalex.org/W2036812212","https://openalex.org/W2044790794","https://openalex.org/W2047112768","https://openalex.org/W2054536805","https://openalex.org/W2060494048","https://openalex.org/W2060737042","https://openalex.org/W2063135200","https://openalex.org/W2068017066","https://openalex.org/W2069802388","https://openalex.org/W2071223877","https://openalex.org/W2071751325","https://openalex.org/W2078807483","https://openalex.org/W2084292135","https://openalex.org/W2085317595","https://openalex.org/W2091011395","https://openalex.org/W2093907459","https://openalex.org/W2095844587","https://openalex.org/W2102772152","https://openalex.org/W2103110179","https://openalex.org/W2103647655","https://openalex.org/W2103714496","https://openalex.org/W2103939721","https://openalex.org/W2105727933","https://openalex.org/W2112620497","https://openalex.org/W2114168282","https://openalex.org/W2115730526","https://openalex.org/W2121096332","https://openalex.org/W2125983326","https://openalex.org/W2127030366","https://openalex.org/W2129958901","https://openalex.org/W2130507759","https://openalex.org/W2132022108","https://openalex.org/W2136587191","https://openalex.org/W2138659796","https://openalex.org/W2139704316","https://openalex.org/W2140058549","https://openalex.org/W2142595196","https://openalex.org/W2145649232","https://openalex.org/W2147202751","https://openalex.org/W2148196872","https://openalex.org/W2154222514","https://openalex.org/W2156171568","https://openalex.org/W2156533009","https://openalex.org/W2158800154","https://openalex.org/W2164000086","https://openalex.org/W2168561379","https://openalex.org/W2172233351","https://openalex.org/W2187052164","https://openalex.org/W2324712847","https://openalex.org/W2333343699","https://openalex.org/W2335449614","https://openalex.org/W2336081789","https://openalex.org/W2341525028","https://openalex.org/W2401414547","https://openalex.org/W2408606194","https://openalex.org/W2410332002","https://openalex.org/W2414526854","https://openalex.org/W2466775907","https://openalex.org/W2546647298","https://openalex.org/W2607031541","https://openalex.org/W2785563066","https://openalex.org/W3004198238","https://openalex.org/W3023775830","https://openalex.org/W4238251256","https://openalex.org/W4245512005","https://openalex.org/W4249825849"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2180953514","https://openalex.org/W2197589796","https://openalex.org/W4283768920","https://openalex.org/W2069490525","https://openalex.org/W2071912153","https://openalex.org/W2999688724","https://openalex.org/W2189079772","https://openalex.org/W149028747","https://openalex.org/W2989029456","https://openalex.org/W1999572001"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"body":[1],"of":[2,32,51,93,165,179,190,192,195],"epidemiologic":[3],"and":[4,19,46,67,78,108,126,147,149,153,163],"clinical":[5],"evidence":[6,139],"dating":[7],"back":[8],"to":[9,91,159],"the":[10,14,28,141,176,180,186,193,196],"early":[11],"1960s":[12],"establishes":[13],"relationships":[15],"between":[16,74,83,143],"sleep":[17,26,52,76,145,166],"apnea":[18,53,77,146,167],"cardiovascular":[20],"disease":[21],"(CVD).":[22],"Individuals":[23],"with":[24,54,172],"obstructive":[25,75,144],"apnea,":[27],"most":[29],"common":[30],"type":[31],"sleep-disordered":[33],"breathing,":[34],"are":[35,168],"at":[36],"increased":[37,127],"risk":[38],"for":[39,140],"coronary":[40],"artery":[41],"disease,":[42],"congestive":[43],"heart":[44],"failure,":[45],"stroke.":[47],"Evidence":[48],"that":[49],"treatment":[50,164],"continuous":[55],"positive":[56],"airway":[57],"pressure":[58,106],"reduces":[59],"blood":[60],"pressure,":[61],"improves":[62],"left":[63],"ventricular":[64],"systolic":[65],"function,":[66],"diminishes":[68],"platelet":[69,124],"activation":[70],"further":[71],"supports":[72],"linkage":[73],"CVD.":[79],"Notwithstanding,":[80],"complex":[81],"associations":[82,142],"these":[84],"two":[85],"conditions":[86],"remain":[87],"largely":[88],"unexplained":[89],"due":[90],"dearth":[92],"systematic":[94],"experimental":[95],"studies.":[96],"Arguably,":[97],"several":[98],"intermediary":[99],"mechanisms":[100],"including":[101],"sustained":[102],"sympathetic":[103],"activation,":[104,125],"intrathoracic":[105],"changes,":[107],"oxidative":[109],"stress":[110],"might":[111,130],"be":[112],"involved.":[113],"Other":[114],"abnormalities":[115],"such":[116],"as":[117],"dysfunctions":[118],"in":[119,175],"coagulation":[120],"factors,":[121],"endothelial":[122],"damage,":[123],"systemic":[128],"inflammation":[129],"also":[131,169],"play":[132],"a":[133],"fundamental":[134],"role.":[135],"This":[136],"review":[137,184],"examines":[138],"CVD":[148],"suggested":[150],"underlying":[151],"anatomical":[152],"physiological":[154],"mechanisms.":[155],"Specific":[156],"issues":[157],"pertaining":[158],"definition,":[160],"prevalence,":[161],"diagnosis,":[162],"discussed.":[170],"Consistent":[171],"rising":[173],"interest":[174],"potential":[177],"role":[178],"metabolic":[181,197],"syndrome,":[182],"this":[183],"explores":[185],"hypothesized":[187],"mediating":[188],"effects":[189],"each":[191],"components":[194],"syndrome.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}