{"id":"https://openalex.org/W18167332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p85","title":"Antibody lineages with evidence of somatic hypermutation persisting for >4 years in a South African subject with broad neutralizing activity","display_name":"Antibody lineages with evidence of somatic hypermutation persisting for >4 years in a South African subject with broad neutralizing activity","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W18167332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p85","mag":"18167332"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p85","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p85","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p85","pdf_url":"https://retrovirology.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1742-4690-9-S2-P85","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S54115554","display_name":"Retrovirology","issn_l":"1742-4690","issn":["1742-4690"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Retrovirology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://retrovirology.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1742-4690-9-S2-P85","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002763808","display_name":"Michael Anthony Moody","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3890-5855","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3890-5855"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126298","display_name":"Duke Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03njmea73","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298","https://openalex.org/I4210144876"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M Moody","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA","Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027333498","display_name":"AM Trama","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126298","display_name":"Duke Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03njmea73","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298","https://openalex.org/I4210144876"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"AM Trama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA","Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057739482","display_name":"Mattia Bonsignori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2973-2101","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2973-2101"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126298","display_name":"Duke Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03njmea73","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298","https://openalex.org/I4210144876"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Bonsignori","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA","Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113885430","display_name":"C Tsao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126298","display_name":"Duke Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03njmea73","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298","https://openalex.org/I4210144876"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C Tsao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA","Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111792111","display_name":"Mark S. Drinker","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126298","display_name":"Duke Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03njmea73","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298","https://openalex.org/I4210144876"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MS Drinker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA","Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113707493","display_name":"Thaddeus C. Gurley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126298","display_name":"Duke Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03njmea73","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298","https://openalex.org/I4210144876"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"TC Gurley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA","Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062337332","display_name":"JD Amos","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126298","display_name":"Duke Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03njmea73","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298","https://openalex.org/I4210144876"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JD Amos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA","Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026874822","display_name":"Joshua Eudailey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1731-9806","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1731-9806"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126298","display_name":"Duke Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03njmea73","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298","https://openalex.org/I4210144876"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JA Eudailey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA","Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085968776","display_name":"LC Armand","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126298","display_name":"Duke Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03njmea73","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298","https://openalex.org/I4210144876"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"LC Armand","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA","Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084461087","display_name":"Robert Parks","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6259-7610","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6259-7610"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126298","display_name":"Duke Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03njmea73","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298","https://openalex.org/I4210144876"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Parks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA","Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068724987","display_name":"KE Lloyd","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126298","display_name":"Duke Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03njmea73","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298","https://openalex.org/I4210144876"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"KE Lloyd","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA","Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048857959","display_name":"S Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126298","display_name":"Duke Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03njmea73","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298","https://openalex.org/I4210144876"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA","Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001907235","display_name":"Katie Seo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K Seo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA","Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049054420","display_name":"Ji-Yeun Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0463-6802","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0463-6802"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA","Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069859112","display_name":"Katherine Jackson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9952-7069","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9952-7069"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"KJ Jackson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056289239","display_name":"Ramona A. Hoh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5116-1942","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5116-1942"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Hoh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA","Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038816133","display_name":"Tho D. Pham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5900-0289","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5900-0289"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T Pham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA","Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031288407","display_name":"Krishna M. Roskin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5864-5093","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5864-5093"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"KM Roskin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA","Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064302758","display_name":"Scott Dexter Boyd","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0963-044X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0963-044X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"SD Boyd","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA","Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057231025","display_name":"Andrew Z. Fire","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6217-8312","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6217-8312"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137306","display_name":"Stanford Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/03mtd9a03","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"AZ Fire","raw_affiliation_strings":["Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA","Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137306","https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"ES Gray","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155312","display_name":"National Institute for Communicable Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/007wwmx82","country_code":"ZA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155312"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"ES Gray","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute for Communicable Disease, Johannesburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute for Communicable Disease, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387155312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"L Morris","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387155312","display_name":"National Institute for Communicable Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/007wwmx82","country_code":"ZA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387155312"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L Morris","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute for Communicable Disease, Johannesburg, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute for Communicable Disease, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387155312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032122826","display_name":"Hua\u2010Xin Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7871-1334","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7871-1334"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126298","display_name":"Duke Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03njmea73","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298","https://openalex.org/I4210144876"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA","Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034536696","display_name":"Georgia D. Tomaras","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8076-1931","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8076-1931"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126298","display_name":"Duke Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03njmea73","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298","https://openalex.org/I4210144876"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"GD Tomaras","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA","Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047959968","display_name":"Thomas B. Kepler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1383-6865","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1383-6865"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111088046","display_name":"Boston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qwgg493","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"TB Kepler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Boston University, Boston, MA, USA","Boston University, Boston , USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boston University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Boston University, Boston , USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111088046"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065001474","display_name":"Garnett H. Kelsoe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8770-040X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8770-040X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126298","display_name":"Duke Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03njmea73","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298","https://openalex.org/I4210144876"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G Kelsoe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA","Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051827275","display_name":"Barton F. Haynes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7643-9023","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7643-9023","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2847-1854"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126298","display_name":"Duke Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/03njmea73","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298","https://openalex.org/I4210144876"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"BF Haynes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA","Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University Medical Center, Durham, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002763808"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126298"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00143649,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"S2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10112","display_name":"HIV Research and Treatment","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10112","display_name":"HIV Research and Treatment","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2406","display_name":"Virology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11016","display_name":"Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research","score":0.004699999932199717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadly-neutralizing-antibodies","display_name":"broadly neutralizing antibodies","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-1","display_name":"HIV-1","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/somatic-hypermutation","display_name":"somatic hypermutation","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clonal-persistence","display_name":"clonal persistence","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-b-cells","display_name":"memory B cells","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/envelope-protein","display_name":"envelope protein","score":0.39100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibody-maturation","display_name":"antibody maturation","score":0.7450000047683716}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128526571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q619302","display_name":"Somatic hypermutation","level":4,"score":0.9699440002441406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.47695934772491455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.4664292633533478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134305767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725508","display_name":"Somatic cell","level":3,"score":0.4180624485015869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.34938204288482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.3260551691055298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.32456398010253906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.23124393820762634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0780022144317627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161191863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199655","display_name":"Library science","level":1,"score":0.05416107177734375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778453870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188930","display_name":"B cell","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p85","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p85","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p85","pdf_url":"https://retrovirology.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1742-4690-9-S2-P85","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S54115554","display_name":"Retrovirology","issn_l":"1742-4690","issn":["1742-4690"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Retrovirology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3442051","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3442051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Retrovirology","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:87dcb8bb91e046cb8115e98c0d78c531","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/87dcb8bb91e046cb8115e98c0d78c531","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Retrovirology, Vol 9, Iss Suppl 2, p P85 (2012)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p85","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p85","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p85","pdf_url":"https://retrovirology.biomedcentral.com/counter/pdf/10.1186/1742-4690-9-S2-P85","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S54115554","display_name":"Retrovirology","issn_l":"1742-4690","issn":["1742-4690"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Retrovirology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W18167332.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W18167332.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2289942604","https://openalex.org/W2016918103","https://openalex.org/W2220112257","https://openalex.org/W2464058430","https://openalex.org/W2010959676","https://openalex.org/W2971640286","https://openalex.org/W2921443433","https://openalex.org/W2408284918","https://openalex.org/W1980811933","https://openalex.org/W1978398372"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"origins":[1],"and":[2,64,72,150,195,234,265,295],"maturation":[3,27],"pathways":[4],"of":[5,14,36,94,103,152,284,292],"broadly":[6],"neutralizing":[7,126,181,261],"antibodies":[8,136],"(bnAbs)":[9],"are":[10],"unknown.":[11],"Only":[12],"~20%":[13],"HIV-1-infected":[15],"subjects":[16,30],"develop":[17],"bnAbs,":[18],"suggesting":[19],"their":[20],"development":[21,291],"may":[22],"require":[23],"unusual":[24],"or":[25],"protracted":[26],"pathways.":[28],"Two":[29],"were":[31,56,68,143,217,238],"followed":[32],"from":[33,111,185,215],"the":[34,48,91,130,259,278,290],"time":[35,223,232],"HIV-1":[37],"infection":[38],"to":[39,251],">3":[40],"years;":[41],"one":[42,164,192],"developed":[43],"broad":[44,255,293,303],"neutralization":[45],"(CAP206)":[46],"while":[47,129,258],"other":[49,131,266],"did":[50,269],"not":[51,197,270],"(CH040).":[52],"Memory":[53],"B":[54],"cells":[55],"sorted":[57],"as":[58,161,163,170,172],"single":[59,222],"antigen-specific":[60],"cells,":[61],"Ig":[62],"heavy":[63,77],"light":[65],"chain":[66,78],"genes":[67],"amplified":[69],"by":[70,158],"PCR,":[71],"recombinant":[73],"mAbs":[74,102],"produced.":[75],"Variable":[76],"gene":[79],"(V":[80],"H":[81,109,117,148],")":[82],"454":[83,159],"pyrosequencing":[84],"was":[85,187,196,287],"performed":[86],"on":[87],"5-10":[88],"samples":[89,202],"spanning":[90,240],"3-5":[92],"years":[93,253],"infection.":[95,176],"From":[96],"CAP206":[97,257],"we":[98,113],"isolated":[99],"13":[100],"Env-reactive":[101,244,267],"which":[104],"6":[105],"(46%)":[106],"used":[107],"V":[108,116,147],"1-69;":[110],"these":[112,153],"identified":[114],"three":[115,140,200],"1-69":[118],"clonal":[119,122,141,183,211,246,263,285],"lineages.":[120],"One":[121],"lineage":[123,184,213,264],"contained":[124],"a":[125,191,221,281,297],"antibody":[127,182,245,262],"(CAP206-CH12)":[128],"two":[132,231],"lineages":[133,142,154,226,237,247,268],"had":[134,227],"non-neutralizing":[135],"(CH64,":[137],"CH82).":[138],"All":[139],"mutated":[144],"(range":[145],"5.2-11.8%":[146],"mutation),":[149],"members":[151,214,228],"could":[155],"be":[156],"detected":[157,198,239],"sequencing":[160],"early":[162],"month":[165,193],"after":[166,175],"infection,":[167],"with":[168],"persistence":[169,286],"late":[171],"57":[173],"months":[174],"In":[177],"contrast,":[178],"an":[179],"autologous":[180,260],"CH040":[186,209],"found":[188,218,229],"only":[189,219,235],"over":[190,203,230],"period,":[194],"in":[199,254,272,302],"additional":[201,208],"48":[204,241],"months.":[205,242],"Of":[206],"18":[207],"Env":[210],"lineages,":[212],"9":[216],"at":[220],"point,":[224],"8":[225],"points,":[233],"1/18":[236],"Multiple":[243],"persisted":[248],"for":[249,289,299],"up":[250],"5":[252],"neutralizer":[256],"persist":[271],"non-neutralizer":[273],"CH040.":[274],"These":[275],"data":[276],"raise":[277],"hypothesis":[279],"that":[280],"high":[282],"degree":[283],"required":[288],"neutralization,":[294],"imply":[296],"predisposition":[298],"this":[300],"trait":[301],"neutralizers.":[304]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}