{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1815441367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2681(85)90033-2","title":"Employee ownership and internal governance","display_name":"Employee ownership and internal governance","publication_year":1985,"publication_date":"1985-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1815441367","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2681(85)90033-2","mag":"1815441367"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0167-2681(85)90033-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2681(85)90033-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2681(85)90033-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62201805","display_name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","issn_l":"0167-2681","issn":["0167-2681","1879-1751"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073888216","display_name":"Oliver E. Williamson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Oliver E. Williamson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073888216"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"],"apc_list":{"value":3180,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3180},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6488,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92596086,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"3","first_page":"243","last_page":"245"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11437","display_name":"Digital Platforms and Economics","score":0.8339999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11437","display_name":"Digital Platforms and Economics","score":0.8339999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12501","display_name":"Digital Economy and Work Transformation","score":0.04769999906420708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14139","display_name":"E-commerce and Technology Innovations","score":0.02319999970495701,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1403","display_name":"Business and International Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-ownership","display_name":"employee ownership","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-governance","display_name":"internal governance","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-plus","display_name":"Internet Plus","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/b2b-e-commerce-platforms","display_name":"B2B e-commerce platforms","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monitoring","display_name":"monitoring","score":0.46799999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/community-building","display_name":"community building","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbiosis-theory","display_name":"symbiosis theory","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relationship-satisfaction","display_name":"relationship satisfaction","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unethical-behavior","display_name":"unethical behavior","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digitalization","display_name":"digitalization","score":0.5080000162124634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.7249484658241272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.709525465965271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181622380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26911","display_name":"Profit (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5299994349479675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5210089683532715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.4972100555896759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.4880636930465698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4795679450035095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779110517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1240788","display_name":"Supervisor","level":2,"score":0.4635348320007324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.461095929145813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.44985613226890564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.43399858474731445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.17027530074119568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.14021113514900208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.13716745376586914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.11277121305465698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.100311279296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0167-2681(85)90033-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2681(85)90033-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-2681(85)90033-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62201805","display_name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","issn_l":"0167-2681","issn":["0167-2681","1879-1751"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a-star","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.666700005531311},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.48510000109672546}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1511343964","https://openalex.org/W1966281139","https://openalex.org/W2014178939","https://openalex.org/W2050502259","https://openalex.org/W2796738634","https://openalex.org/W2799145985"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387167184","https://openalex.org/W4382568108","https://openalex.org/W4386881312","https://openalex.org/W4393857809","https://openalex.org/W4309750494","https://openalex.org/W4324132477","https://openalex.org/W4206314305","https://openalex.org/W3185754450","https://openalex.org/W7222481349","https://openalex.org/W3181702812"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}