{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1811207103","doi":null,"title":"Industrial energy from water-mills in the European economy, 5th to 18th Centuries: the limitations of power","display_name":"Industrial energy from water-mills in the European economy, 5th to 18th Centuries: the limitations of power","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1811207103","mag":"1811207103"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:pra:mprapa:11027","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11027/1/MPRA_paper_11027.pdf","pdf_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11027/1/MPRA_paper_11027.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114253573","display_name":"John H. A. Munro","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John H. Munro","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5114253573"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.9262999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10605","display_name":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","score":0.9262999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13641","display_name":"Historical Studies and Socio-cultural Analysis","score":0.06080000102519989,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14160","display_name":"Water management and technologies","score":0.007300000172108412,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1105","display_name":"Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/watermills","display_name":"watermills","score":0.7960000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydropower","display_name":"hydropower","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medieval-technology","display_name":"medieval technology","score":0.4020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mining","display_name":"mining","score":0.5130000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metallurgy","display_name":"metallurgy","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/textile-industry","display_name":"textile industry","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cotton-industry","display_name":"cotton industry","score":0.7239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fulling-mills","display_name":"fulling mills","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/productivity-improvement","display_name":"productivity improvement","score":0.5550000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-shortage","display_name":"labor shortage","score":0.4050000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/european-economic-history","display_name":"European economic history","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/origins-of-the-industrial-revolution","display_name":"origins of the Industrial Revolution","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technological-innovation","display_name":"technological innovation","score":0.3009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forage-crops","display_name":"forage crops","score":0.40700000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-modern-economy","display_name":"early modern economy","score":0.37400001287460327}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16057445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44494","display_name":"Mill","level":2,"score":0.7304152846336365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C517468935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2269","display_name":"Industrial Revolution","level":2,"score":0.5713167786598206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.521856427192688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109747225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815758","display_name":"Scarcity","level":2,"score":0.48249387741088867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6303427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47398","display_name":"Economic history","level":1,"score":0.46353816986083984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.44555333256721497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778495208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48349","display_name":"Empire","level":2,"score":0.41966375708580017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.3601505756378174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3497185707092285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.3275117874145508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.2728646397590637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.18510964512825012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:pra:mprapa:11027","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11027/1/MPRA_paper_11027.pdf","pdf_url":"https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/11027/1/MPRA_paper_11027.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"mag:1811207103","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:pra:mprapa:11027","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3149127146","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ideas.repec.org/p/pra/mprapa/11027.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400553","display_name":"Munich Personal RePEc Archive (Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","host_organization_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"MPRA Paper","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6773999929428101,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"},{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.6452000141143799,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W11679274","https://openalex.org/W598659849","https://openalex.org/W639765989","https://openalex.org/W1578352403","https://openalex.org/W1589641303","https://openalex.org/W1590955995","https://openalex.org/W1694099939","https://openalex.org/W1804742343","https://openalex.org/W1973703246","https://openalex.org/W1982196240","https://openalex.org/W1983039233","https://openalex.org/W1985748889","https://openalex.org/W1986481610","https://openalex.org/W1991547998","https://openalex.org/W2000291818","https://openalex.org/W2002074685","https://openalex.org/W2002769285","https://openalex.org/W2007988943","https://openalex.org/W2008617253","https://openalex.org/W2009564738","https://openalex.org/W2011278813","https://openalex.org/W2020580347","https://openalex.org/W2027501349","https://openalex.org/W2028131149","https://openalex.org/W2032945135","https://openalex.org/W2033969398","https://openalex.org/W2036105787","https://openalex.org/W2038962545","https://openalex.org/W2039783686","https://openalex.org/W2044303953","https://openalex.org/W2052784762","https://openalex.org/W2064069080","https://openalex.org/W2065614565","https://openalex.org/W2069261840","https://openalex.org/W2070575386","https://openalex.org/W2075047703","https://openalex.org/W2078410562","https://openalex.org/W2085635751","https://openalex.org/W2087358149","https://openalex.org/W2088040566","https://openalex.org/W2088905366","https://openalex.org/W2092484180","https://openalex.org/W2094648834","https://openalex.org/W2095326939","https://openalex.org/W2100342003","https://openalex.org/W2113134306","https://openalex.org/W2160628296","https://openalex.org/W2161366893","https://openalex.org/W2163168109","https://openalex.org/W2295452036","https://openalex.org/W2314259500","https://openalex.org/W2328584982","https://openalex.org/W2333741121","https://openalex.org/W2483100728","https://openalex.org/W2608284514","https://openalex.org/W2610278278","https://openalex.org/W2788736587","https://openalex.org/W2990740113","https://openalex.org/W3149450095","https://openalex.org/W4230053793","https://openalex.org/W4249283142","https://openalex.org/W4252095639"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7019822509","https://openalex.org/W6961091945","https://openalex.org/W4388345633","https://openalex.org/W2319101378","https://openalex.org/W1981453277","https://openalex.org/W4239416535","https://openalex.org/W4231655733","https://openalex.org/W4408394928","https://openalex.org/W1551449787","https://openalex.org/W3012406364"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,91,206,271,337],"water-mill,":[1],"though":[2],"known":[3],"in":[4,31,43,97,176,214,239,250,287,292,346,369,388,400,409,436,458,485,492,501,538],"the":[5,9,22,32,44,60,71,77,114,128,145,153,159,182,217,223,235,251,260,264,268,278,284,293,300,314,322,327,342,352,356,376,382,389,394,401,411,414,426,444,447,451,463,480,488,493,502,506,515,523,543,550],"Roman":[6],"Empire":[7],"from":[8,139,144,172,438,557],"second":[10],"century":[11,465],"BCE,":[12],"did":[13,431,469],"not":[14,38,242],"come":[15],"to":[16,67,137,141,167,194,212,234,282,298,310,355,423,440],"enjoy":[17],"any":[18],"widespread":[19,50],"use":[20,157],"until":[21],"4th":[23],"or":[24],"5th":[25],"centuries":[26],"CE,":[27],"and":[28,52,99,119,163,184,220,247,256,296,313,349,378,406,483,498,520],"then":[29,36,73,499],"chiefly":[30],"West,":[33],"which":[34],"was":[35,542],"experiencing":[37],"only":[39,318],"a":[40,54,95,108,196],"rapid":[41],"decline":[42],"supply":[45],"of":[46,57,113,148,199,208,222,225,253,263,267,304,321,362,375,384,391,397,403,413,450,477,490,496,505,514,526,546,552],"slaves,":[47],"but":[48],"also":[49,179,273,531],"depopulation,":[51],"thus":[53,339],"severe":[55],"scarcity":[56],"labour.":[58],"For":[59],"West":[61],"--":[62,70],"those":[63,240,511],"regions":[64],"that":[65,84,126,189],"came":[66],"form":[68,402],"Europe":[69],"water-mill":[72],"became":[74],"by":[75,245,372],"far":[76,328],"predominant":[78],"\u2018prime":[79],"mover\u2019:":[80],"i.e.,":[81],"an":[82,373],"apparatus":[83],"converts":[85],"natural":[86],"energy":[87],"into":[88,151,306],"mechanical":[89],"power.":[90],"classic":[92],"study,":[93],"as":[94,276],"monograph":[96],"technological":[98,280,344],"engineering":[100],"history,":[101],"is":[102,211,366],"Terry":[103],"S.":[104],"Reynolds,":[105],"Stronger":[106],"than":[107],"Hundred":[109],"Men:":[110],"A":[111,360],"History":[112],"Vertical":[115],"Water":[116],"Wheel":[117],"(Baltimore":[118],"London,":[120],"1983).":[121],"Indeed":[122,536],"he":[123],"has":[124],"calculated":[125],"even":[127],"early":[129],"medieval":[130,494],"watermills":[131],"provided":[132,422],"about":[133],"2":[134],"hp,":[135],"enough":[136],"liberate":[138],"30":[140],"60":[142],"persons":[143],"wearisome":[146],"task":[147],"grinding":[149],"grain":[150],"flour,":[152],"mill\u2019s":[154],"virtually":[155],"sole":[156],"during":[158],"first":[160],"millennium.":[161],"He,":[162],"others,":[164],"have":[165,191],"neglected":[166],"note,":[168],"however,":[169,368],"that,":[170],"apart":[171],"providing":[173,351],"such":[174,460],"economies":[175],"labour,":[177],"water-mills":[178],"conserved":[180],"on":[181,229,381],"capital":[183,333],"land":[185],"resources":[186],"(fodder":[187],"crops)":[188],"would":[190],"been":[192],"required":[193],"produce":[195],"comparable":[197],"amount":[198],"power":[200,303],"with":[201,326,341,510,549],"animal-powered":[202],"mills":[203,305,461],"(horses,":[204],"mules).":[205],"aim":[207],"this":[209,370],"study":[210,272,338,371],"analyse":[213],"greater":[215],"depth":[216],"economic":[218,231,289,379],"implications":[219],"consequences":[221,396],"application":[224,489],"water-mills,":[226],"their":[227],"impact":[228],"European":[230,358],"history":[232],"up":[233],"Industrial":[236,269,516],"Revolution":[237,517],"era,":[238],"areas":[241],"well":[243,277],"treated":[244],"Reynolds":[246],"other":[248,481],"historians:":[249],"fields":[252],"mining,":[254],"metallurgy,":[255,350],"textiles":[257,556],"\u2013":[258,466],"including":[259],"cotton":[261,508,540],"industry":[262,430],"initial":[265],"phase":[266],"Revolution.":[270],"necessarily":[274],"analyses":[275,420],"necessary":[279],"innovations":[281,513],"achieve":[283,433],"productivity":[285,364],"gains":[286,365,435],"these":[288,547],"sectors:":[290],"especially":[291,500],"devices":[294],"(cam":[295],"crankshafts)":[297],"convert":[299],"basic":[301],"rotary":[302],"reciprocal":[307],"power,":[308],"initially":[309],"operate":[311],"trip-hammers;":[312],"more":[315,329,332],"gradual,":[316],"if":[317,331],"late-medieval,":[319],"displacement":[320],"original":[323],"undershot":[324],"wheels":[325],"effective,":[330],"costly,":[334],"overshot":[335],"wheels.":[336],"begins":[340],"late-medieval":[343,427,452],"revolutions":[345],"both":[347,404],"mining":[348],"key":[353],"transitions":[354],"early-modern":[357],"economy.":[359],"demonstration":[361],"significant":[363,434],"counterbalanced,":[367],"examination":[374],"physical":[377],"limitations":[380],"uses":[383],"water-power":[385,491],"and,":[386],"particularly":[387],"field":[390],"woollen-cloth":[392],"production,":[393],"negative":[395],"water-powered":[398],"machinery,":[399],"fulling-mills":[405],"gig-mills":[407],"(cloth-finishing),":[408],"impairing":[410],"quality":[412,529],"finer":[415],"fabrics.":[416],"In":[417],"particular,":[418],"cost-benefit":[419],"are":[421],"show":[424],"why":[425],"English":[428],"cloth":[429],"indeed":[432,470,484],"switching":[437],"foot-":[439],"mechanical-fulling,":[441],"while,":[442],"at":[443],"same":[445],"time,":[446],"leading":[448],"draperies":[449],"Low":[453],"Countries":[454],"were":[455],"perfectly":[456],"rational":[457],"eschewing":[459],"before":[462],"16th":[464],"when":[467],"they":[468],"adopt":[471],"them,":[472],"for":[473],"rather":[474],"different":[475],"types":[476],"textiles.":[478],"On":[479],"hand,":[482],"striking":[486],"contrast,":[487],"production":[495,504,534],"silks":[497],"18th-century":[503],"new":[507],"textiles,":[509],"major":[512],"era":[518],"(water-frame":[519],"mule)":[521],"had":[522],"opposite":[524],"result:":[525],"greatly":[527],"improving":[528],"while":[530],"radically":[532],"reducing":[533],"costs.":[535],"quality-improvements":[537],"spinning":[539],"yarns":[541],"chief":[544],"goal":[545],"entrepreneurs,":[548],"ambition":[551],"displacing":[553],"fine":[554],"Asian":[555],"world":[558],"markets.":[559]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
