{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1802598060","doi":null,"title":"The emergence of cultures among wild chimpanzees.","display_name":"The emergence of cultures among wild chimpanzees.","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1802598060","mag":"1802598060"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:1802598060","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.britac.ac.uk/pubs/proc/files/88p251.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025321939","display_name":"Christophe Boesch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9538-7858","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9538-7858"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1850255","display_name":"University of Basel","ror":"https://ror.org/02s6k3f65","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Christophe Boesch","raw_affiliation_strings":["U Basel, Inst of Zoology, Basel, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9538-7858","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U Basel, Inst of Zoology, Basel, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025321939"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1850255"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3759,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":93,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92929064,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"88","issue":null,"first_page":"251","last_page":"268"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10699","display_name":"Primate Behavior and Ecology","score":0.9028000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10699","display_name":"Primate Behavior and Ecology","score":0.9028000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12090","display_name":"Language and cultural evolution","score":0.09549999982118607,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10656","display_name":"Child and Animal Learning Development","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chimpanzee-culture","display_name":"chimpanzee culture","score":0.8659999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wild-chimpanzees","display_name":"wild chimpanzees","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-learning","display_name":"social learning","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/imitation","display_name":"imitation","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cultural-transmission","display_name":"cultural transmission","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-norms","display_name":"social norms","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leaf-clipping","display_name":"leaf clipping","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individual-learning","display_name":"individual learning","score":0.5080000162124634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126388530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131737","display_name":"Imitation","level":2,"score":0.8633130788803101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778473898","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145110","display_name":"Repertoire","level":2,"score":0.8076393604278564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32433346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3007160","display_name":"Cultural transmission in animals","level":2,"score":0.7247085571289062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79416737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2305519","display_name":"Social learning","level":2,"score":0.7227432131767273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.513997495174408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.48997965455055237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176544851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3307505","display_name":"Sociality","level":2,"score":0.4890466630458832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3646445572376251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.35485827922821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3510274887084961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.3497741222381592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.27903813123703003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2586113512516022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.2303895354270935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.09719222784042358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:1802598060","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.britac.ac.uk/pubs/proc/files/88p251.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1556896265","https://openalex.org/W1576454745","https://openalex.org/W1582069037","https://openalex.org/W1590684677","https://openalex.org/W1596894218","https://openalex.org/W1765868291","https://openalex.org/W1964073885","https://openalex.org/W1970852128","https://openalex.org/W1980091339","https://openalex.org/W1986661969","https://openalex.org/W1995269398","https://openalex.org/W2000131964","https://openalex.org/W2001431842","https://openalex.org/W2035220341","https://openalex.org/W2053507435","https://openalex.org/W2067265614","https://openalex.org/W2085076817","https://openalex.org/W2086993644","https://openalex.org/W2113818851","https://openalex.org/W2157423097","https://openalex.org/W2181333263","https://openalex.org/W2468422566","https://openalex.org/W2493908171","https://openalex.org/W2922795511"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1528156613","https://openalex.org/W2028502079","https://openalex.org/W45660283","https://openalex.org/W2004362913","https://openalex.org/W1480011527","https://openalex.org/W4253772040","https://openalex.org/W7097086071","https://openalex.org/W4402029527","https://openalex.org/W7071313091","https://openalex.org/W4243284741"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Culture":[0],"has":[1],"been":[2],"granted":[3],"by":[4,29,124],"primatologists":[5],"to":[6,22,43,82,114,132,135],"the":[7,10,13,34,61,95,98,147,153,156],"chimpanzee,":[8],"on":[9],"base":[11],"of":[12,63,87,97,117,155],"many":[14,160],"population-specific":[15],"behaviour":[16,65,118,138,162],"patterns":[17,163],"they":[18],"possess.":[19],"Psychologist":[20],"tend":[21],"disagree":[23],"arguing":[24],"that":[25,52,72,93,130],"individual":[26],"learning":[27,80],"constrained":[28],"ecological":[30],"factors":[31],"could":[32],"produce":[33,83],"same":[35],"results.":[36],"After":[37],"setting":[38],"up":[39],"some":[40],"rigorous":[41],"criteria":[42,129],"differentiate":[44],"between":[45,100],"these":[46,151],"two":[47],"opposite":[48],"positions,":[49],"I":[50,70],"show":[51],"social":[53,79,125],"canalization,":[54],"including":[55],"imitation,":[56],"is":[57],"important":[58],"in":[59,66,141],"explaining":[60],"acquisition":[62],"nut-craking":[64],"wild":[67,157],"chimpanzees.":[68],"Then,":[69],"argue":[71],"a":[73,78,84,91,107,137],"culture":[74],"requires":[75],"not":[76],"only":[77],"process":[81],"faithful":[85],"transmission":[86,101],"information,":[88],"but":[89],"also":[90],"mechanism":[92],"guarantees":[94],"permanence":[96],"information":[99],"events.":[102],"Leaf-clipping,":[103],"leaf-grooming,":[104],"knuckle-knocking":[105],"and":[106],"symbolic":[108],"drumming":[109],"communication":[110],"system":[111],"are":[112],"proposed":[113],"be":[115,133],"examples":[116],"pattern":[119],"fixed":[120],"within":[121],"chimpanzee":[122,158],"populations":[123],"norms.":[126],"The":[127],"stringent":[128],"have":[131],"fulfilled":[134],"grant":[136],"cultural":[139,161],"properties":[140],"an":[142],"animal":[143],"species":[144],"strongly":[145],"limit":[146],"possible":[148],"candidates.":[149],"Despite":[150],"restrictions,":[152],"repertoire":[154],"includes":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
