{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1802202","doi":null,"title":"Needed: Higher Standards for Accountability.","display_name":"Needed: Higher Standards for Accountability.","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1802202","mag":"1802202"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:1802202","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ766233","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140814276","display_name":"Educational leadership","issn_l":"0013-1784","issn":["0013-1784"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315834","host_organization_name":"Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315834"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Educational leadership","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037566116","display_name":"Paul E. Barton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paul E. Barton","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037566116"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7441,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94234969,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"3","first_page":"28","last_page":"31"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13405","display_name":"Educational Assessment and Improvement","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13405","display_name":"Educational Assessment and Improvement","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10674","display_name":"School Choice and Performance","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13853","display_name":"Teacher Education and Assessments","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-accountability","display_name":"school accountability","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/no-child-left-behind-act","display_name":"No Child Left Behind Act","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standards-based-reform","display_name":"standards-based reform","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-measurement","display_name":"educational testing","score":0.5},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/norm-referenced-tests","display_name":"norm-referenced tests","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-performance-measurement","display_name":"school performance measurement","score":0.5820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/educational-standards","display_name":"educational standards","score":0.39899998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curriculum-alignment","display_name":"curriculum alignment","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teacher-preparation","display_name":"teacher preparation","score":0.9359999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.8246374130249023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778069335","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32098","display_name":"Sanctions","level":2,"score":0.734200119972229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162615427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6510200","display_name":"Learning standards","level":3,"score":0.7114246487617493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136287216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16154661","display_name":"Academic standards","level":3,"score":0.6361465454101562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.6126876473426819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781206393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2748419","display_name":"Academic achievement","level":2,"score":0.586824893951416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81369262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6165531","display_name":"Achievement test","level":3,"score":0.5667996406555176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203151758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3244907","display_name":"Standardized test","level":2,"score":0.56109219789505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.5489464998245239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5371378660202026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779917698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1323572","display_name":"Reform movement","level":3,"score":0.5156237483024597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777152325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108163","display_name":"Proposition","level":2,"score":0.5048652291297913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68387754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7271585","display_name":"Schedule","level":2,"score":0.44540703296661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777351106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49371","display_name":"Legislation","level":2,"score":0.4390036165714264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46304622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374814","display_name":"Certification","level":2,"score":0.43588370084762573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986206625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18185","display_name":"Student achievement","level":3,"score":0.4344446659088135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781166314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7278979","display_name":"Race to the Top","level":3,"score":0.4303381145000458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.42534345388412476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.4234752655029297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.4127550721168518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3603028655052185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.25343695282936096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1587195098400116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.12252083420753479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09102186560630798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:1802202","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ766233","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S140814276","display_name":"Educational leadership","issn_l":"0013-1784","issn":["0013-1784"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315834","host_organization_name":"Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315834"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Educational leadership","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.8278999924659729}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W194361815","https://openalex.org/W1484302639","https://openalex.org/W2136326226","https://openalex.org/W2910070093"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2030137462","https://openalex.org/W7098352156","https://openalex.org/W1518592364","https://openalex.org/W2074653189","https://openalex.org/W7100502593","https://openalex.org/W562993339","https://openalex.org/W2058809833","https://openalex.org/W4256424626","https://openalex.org/W2950909898","https://openalex.org/W2055160577"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"school":[1,92],"reform":[2],"movement,":[3],"known":[4],"in":[5,53,67],"its":[6],"beginning":[7],"years":[8],"as":[9,63],"standards-based":[10],"reform,":[11],"was":[12,45],"founded":[13],"on":[14,58,101,114],"the":[15,18,68,84,137],"proposition":[16,44],"that":[17,31,46,66],"education":[19],"system":[20],"needed":[21],"to":[22,29,74,90,98,120],"establish":[23],"rigorous":[24],"content":[25],"standards,":[26],"prepare":[27],"teachers":[28],"teach":[30],"content,":[32],"and":[33,37,127,130],"align":[34],"instructional":[35],"materials":[36],"curriculum":[38],"with":[39],"those":[40],"standards.":[41,138],"A":[42],"further":[43],"we":[47],"could":[48],"measure":[49,91],"a":[50],"school's":[51],"performance":[52,113],"this":[54],"effort":[55],"by":[56,124],"drawing":[57],"existing":[59],"testing":[60],"systems,":[61],"such":[62,88],"norm-referenced":[64],"tests,":[65],"past":[69],"had":[70],"been":[71],"used":[72],"largely":[73],"make":[75],"decisions":[76],"about":[77],"individual":[78],"students.":[79],"NCLB":[80,116],"puts":[81],"teeth":[82],"into":[83],"practice":[85],"of":[86,133],"using":[87],"tests":[89],"accountability":[93],"because":[94],"it":[95],"requires":[96,118],"states":[97],"impose":[99],"sanctions":[100],"schools":[102,119],"whose":[103],"students":[104,134],"do":[105],"not":[106],"reach":[107],"designated":[108],"cut":[109],"points":[110],"for":[111],"\u201cproficient\u201d":[112],"schedule.":[115],"also":[117],"dis-aggregate":[121],"test":[122],"results":[123],"race,":[125],"ethnicity,":[126],"other":[128],"factors;":[129],"all":[131],"subgroups":[132],"must":[135],"meet":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}