{"id":"https://openalex.org/W180217067","doi":null,"title":"Interplay of autophagy and apoptosis during murine cytomegalovirus infection of RPE cells.","display_name":"Interplay of autophagy and apoptosis during murine cytomegalovirus infection of RPE cells.","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W180217067","mag":"180217067","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25324684","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4145064"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:25324684","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25324684","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Molecular vision","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4145064/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009114166","display_name":"Juan Mo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7655-7521","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7655-7521"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25041050","display_name":"Augusta University","ror":"https://ror.org/012mef835","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25041050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Mo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Regents University, Medical College of Georgia, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta, GA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Regents University, Medical College of Georgia, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta, GA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25041050"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050492383","display_name":"Ming Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4012-3932","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4012-3932"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25041050","display_name":"Augusta University","ror":"https://ror.org/012mef835","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25041050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Regents University, Medical College of Georgia, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta, GA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Regents University, Medical College of Georgia, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta, GA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25041050"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007233348","display_name":"Brendan Marshall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7147-0075","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7147-0075"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25041050","display_name":"Augusta University","ror":"https://ror.org/012mef835","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25041050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brendan Marshall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Regents University, Medical College of Georgia, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta, GA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Regents University, Medical College of Georgia, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta, GA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25041050"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111512801","display_name":"Sylvia B. Smith","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25041050","display_name":"Augusta University","ror":"https://ror.org/012mef835","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25041050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sylvia Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Regents University, Medical College of Georgia, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta, GA ; Georgia Regents University, Medical College of Georgia, Department of Ophthalmology, Augusta, GA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Regents University, Medical College of Georgia, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta, GA ; Georgia Regents University, Medical College of Georgia, Department of Ophthalmology, Augusta, GA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25041050"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056441592","display_name":"Jason Covar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25041050","display_name":"Augusta University","ror":"https://ror.org/012mef835","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25041050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason Covar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Regents University, Medical College of Georgia, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta, GA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Regents University, Medical College of Georgia, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta, GA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25041050"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016219207","display_name":"Sally S. Atherton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25041050","display_name":"Augusta University","ror":"https://ror.org/012mef835","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25041050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sally Atherton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Georgia Regents University, Medical College of Georgia, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta, GA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Georgia Regents University, Medical College of Georgia, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta, GA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25041050"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25041050"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4482,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53805987,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":null,"first_page":"1161","last_page":"73"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10587","display_name":"Autophagy in Disease and Therapy","score":0.9312000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10587","display_name":"Autophagy in Disease and Therapy","score":0.9312000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10981","display_name":"Cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus research","score":0.05779999867081642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10691","display_name":"Retinal Development and Disorders","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/murine-cytomegalovirus","display_name":"murine cytomegalovirus","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autophagy","display_name":"autophagy","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apoptosis","display_name":"apoptosis","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal-pigment-epithelial-cells","display_name":"retinal pigment epithelial cells","score":0.921999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autophagic-flux","display_name":"autophagic flux","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lc3b","display_name":"LC3B","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mtor","display_name":"mTOR","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/p70s6k","display_name":"p70S6K","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caspase-3","display_name":"caspase-3","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chloroquine","display_name":"chloroquine","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rapamycin","display_name":"rapamycin","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autophagosomes","display_name":"autophagosomes","score":0.8240000009536743}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203522944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q288322","display_name":"Autophagy","level":3,"score":0.9220372438430786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102568950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127702","display_name":"Vacuole","level":3,"score":0.8892276287078857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6443029046058655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190283241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14599311","display_name":"Apoptosis","level":2,"score":0.6356188058853149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54009773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1429031","display_name":"Transfection","level":3,"score":0.60555100440979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776415932","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48743","display_name":"Western blot","level":3,"score":0.5354376435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.44555002450942993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153911025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202","display_name":"Molecular biology","level":1,"score":0.4091338813304901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81885089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189082","display_name":"Cell culture","level":2,"score":0.40006113052368164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.3343474268913269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0945451557636261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190062978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79899","display_name":"Cytoplasm","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001343","descriptor_name":"Autophagy","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002738","descriptor_name":"Chloroquine","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003586","descriptor_name":"Cytomegalovirus Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003586","descriptor_name":"Cytomegalovirus Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004195","descriptor_name":"Disease Models, Animal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006566","descriptor_name":"Herpesviridae Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006566","descriptor_name":"Herpesviridae Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006566","descriptor_name":"Herpesviridae Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008810","descriptor_name":"Mice, Inbred C57BL","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008869","descriptor_name":"Microtubule-Associated Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008869","descriptor_name":"Microtubule-Associated Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011993","descriptor_name":"Recombinant Fusion Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011993","descriptor_name":"Recombinant Fusion Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014162","descriptor_name":"Transfection","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014617","descriptor_name":"Vacuoles","qualifier_ui":"Q000648","qualifier_name":"ultrastructure","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017209","descriptor_name":"Apoptosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017209","descriptor_name":"Apoptosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018146","descriptor_name":"Muromegalovirus","qualifier_ui":"Q000472","qualifier_name":"pathogenicity","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020123","descriptor_name":"Sirolimus","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D046529","descriptor_name":"Microscopy, Electron, Transmission","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049452","descriptor_name":"Green Fluorescent Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D049452","descriptor_name":"Green Fluorescent Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D053148","descriptor_name":"Caspase 3","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055213","descriptor_name":"Retinal Pigment Epithelium","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D055213","descriptor_name":"Retinal Pigment Epithelium","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D055213","descriptor_name":"Retinal Pigment Epithelium","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:25324684","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25324684","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Molecular vision","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4145064","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4145064/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mol Vis","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:180217067","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25324684","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4145064","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4145064/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mol Vis","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9537000060081482,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1950015725","display_name":"Mechanisms of Herpes Simplex Virus","funder_award_id":"R01EY006012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4560367605","display_name":"Virologic and Immunologic Studies of Murine CMV Retinitis","funder_award_id":"R01EY009169","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","funder_display_name":"National Eye Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337350","display_name":"National Eye Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03wkg3b53"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W175866339","https://openalex.org/W178054813","https://openalex.org/W182607020","https://openalex.org/W1479807772","https://openalex.org/W1523693806","https://openalex.org/W1560977824","https://openalex.org/W1964565569","https://openalex.org/W1965035454","https://openalex.org/W1965493795","https://openalex.org/W1966894379","https://openalex.org/W1969899825","https://openalex.org/W1971204908","https://openalex.org/W1975200363","https://openalex.org/W1977884205","https://openalex.org/W1978380423","https://openalex.org/W1981123941","https://openalex.org/W1982809908","https://openalex.org/W1983240538","https://openalex.org/W1984129810","https://openalex.org/W1985596920","https://openalex.org/W1987276369","https://openalex.org/W1987431084","https://openalex.org/W1987566410","https://openalex.org/W1990437594","https://openalex.org/W1994823455","https://openalex.org/W1999718044","https://openalex.org/W1999767183","https://openalex.org/W2001568034","https://openalex.org/W2003059814","https://openalex.org/W2003209587","https://openalex.org/W2017486663","https://openalex.org/W2018742491","https://openalex.org/W2021490026","https://openalex.org/W2024615030","https://openalex.org/W2025374138","https://openalex.org/W2025714022","https://openalex.org/W2030346985","https://openalex.org/W2034132952","https://openalex.org/W2046250764","https://openalex.org/W2046428284","https://openalex.org/W2048030072","https://openalex.org/W2048259092","https://openalex.org/W2052550497","https://openalex.org/W2053670812","https://openalex.org/W2057962047","https://openalex.org/W2058250395","https://openalex.org/W2059083249","https://openalex.org/W2066713215","https://openalex.org/W2068164166","https://openalex.org/W2072347546","https://openalex.org/W2074931193","https://openalex.org/W2094503313","https://openalex.org/W2096266677","https://openalex.org/W2106090383","https://openalex.org/W2108660154","https://openalex.org/W2109034822","https://openalex.org/W2109749605","https://openalex.org/W2109790966","https://openalex.org/W2111274886","https://openalex.org/W2111750260","https://openalex.org/W2112940367","https://openalex.org/W2128255145","https://openalex.org/W2134577771","https://openalex.org/W2157096314","https://openalex.org/W2158674971","https://openalex.org/W2160567170","https://openalex.org/W2164875529","https://openalex.org/W2167656141","https://openalex.org/W2315484453","https://openalex.org/W2330665165"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2504961423","https://openalex.org/W2956447967","https://openalex.org/W844394003","https://openalex.org/W3119122453","https://openalex.org/W3127260842","https://openalex.org/W3035301384","https://openalex.org/W884760400","https://openalex.org/W2766516171","https://openalex.org/W3032418948","https://openalex.org/W3044764424"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"PURPOSE:":[0],"Previous":[1],"studies":[2,36],"have":[3,336],"demonstrated":[4],"that":[5,333,366],"autophagy":[6,19,41,62,71,343,349,373],"is":[7,20,42,57,368],"involved":[8],"in":[9,91,204,227,246,250,262,276,290,294,300],"the":[10,48,112,126,129,138,151,158,180,205,219,228,234,251,263,277,295,301,353,385],"pathogenesis":[11],"of":[12,34,47,70,128,140,153,166,170,183,221,265,269,279,314,355,359,384],"human":[13],"cytomegalovirus":[14,24],"(HCMV)":[15],"infection.":[16],"However,":[17],"whether":[18,55],"regulated":[21],"by":[22,44,216,345],"murine":[23],"(MCMV)":[25],"infection":[26,46,165,184,313,383],"has":[27],"not":[28,193],"yet":[29],"been":[30],"investigated.":[31],"The":[32,87,200,330],"purpose":[33],"these":[35],"was":[37,106,134,147,224,309,321],"to":[38,108,124,136,149,233,238,272,282],"determine":[39],"how":[40,68],"affected":[43],"MCMV":[45,85,164,312,334,382],"retinal":[49],"pigment":[50],"epithelial":[51],"(RPE)":[52],"cells":[53,76,88,209,231],"and":[54,63,65,82,111,189,275,374],"there":[56,367],"a":[58,247,259,291,337,347,369],"functional":[59,370],"relationship":[60,371],"between":[61,372],"apoptosis;":[64],"if":[66],"so,":[67],"regulation":[69],"impacts":[72],"apoptosis.":[73],"METHODS:":[74],"RPE":[75,109,167,208,230,303,315],"were":[77,89,116,122,210],"isolated":[78],"from":[79],"C57BL/6":[80],"mice":[81],"infected":[83],"with":[84],"K181.":[86],"cultured":[90],"medium":[92],"containing":[93],"rapamycin,":[94],"chloroquine,":[95],"or":[96,172,195,215,325,341,357],"ammonium":[97,173],"chloride.":[98],"Green":[99],"fluorescent":[100],"protein-light":[101],"chain":[102],"3":[103,254,298],"(GFP-LC3)":[104],"plasmid":[105],"transfected":[107,207],"cells,":[110,168,242],"GFP-LC3":[113,206],"positive":[114],"puncta":[115],"counted.":[117],"Electron":[118],"microscopic":[119],"(EM)":[120],"images":[121],"taken":[123],"visualize":[125],"structure":[127],"autophagic":[130,202,222,319],"vacuoles.":[131],"Western":[132],"blot":[133],"performed":[135],"detect":[137],"expression":[139,177],"related":[141],"proteins.":[142],"Trypan":[143],"blue":[144],"exclusion":[145],"assay":[146],"used":[148],"measure":[150],"percentage":[152],"viable":[154],"cells.":[155,304,316],"RESULTS:":[156],"Although":[157],"LC3B-II":[159,176],"levels":[160,255,299],"consistently":[161],"increased":[162,175,226],"during":[163,311,381],"administration":[169],"chloroquine":[171,287],"chloride":[174],"only":[178],"at":[179,194,324],"early":[181],"stage":[182],"(6":[185],"h":[186,191,198,328],"post-inoculation":[187],"[p.i.]":[188],"12":[190],"p.i.),":[192],"after":[196,326],"24":[197,327],"p.i.":[199,329],"punctate":[201],"vacuoles":[203,223],"counted":[211],"using":[212],"light":[213],"microscopy":[214],"EM":[217],"examination,":[218],"number":[220],"significantly":[225],"MCMV-infected":[229,240,302],"compared":[232],"uninfected":[235],"controls.":[236],"Compared":[237],"untreated":[239],"control":[241],"rapamycin":[243,270],"treatment":[244,288],"resulted":[245,289],"significant":[248,260,292],"decrease":[249,261],"cleaved":[252,296],"caspase":[253,297],"as":[256,258,352],"well":[257],"ratio":[264,278],"phosphorylated":[266,280],"mammalian":[267],"target":[268],"(mTOR)":[271],"total":[273,283],"mTOR":[274],"P70S6K":[281],"P70S6K.":[284],"In":[285,317],"contrast,":[286,318],"increase":[293],"CONCLUSIONS:":[305],"Autophagic":[306],"vacuole":[307],"accumulation":[308],"detected":[310],"flux":[320],"greatly":[322],"decreased":[323],"results":[331],"suggest":[332,365],"might":[335],"strategy":[338],"for":[339],"inhibiting":[340],"blocking":[342],"activity":[344],"targeting":[346],"later":[348],"process,":[350],"such":[351],"formation":[354],"autolysosomes":[356],"degradation":[358],"their":[360],"content.":[361],"Our":[362],"data":[363],"also":[364],"apoptosis,":[375],"which":[376],"plays":[377],"an":[378],"important":[379],"role":[380],"RPE.":[386]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}