{"id":"https://openalex.org/W179200000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bfb0121098","title":"A linear programming approach to the optimum network orientation problem","display_name":"A linear programming approach to the optimum network orientation problem","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W179200000","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bfb0121098","mag":"179200000"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bfb0121098","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bfb0121098","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bfb0121098","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170833","display_name":"Mathematical programming studies","issn_l":"0303-3929","issn":["0303-3929","2364-8201"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mathematical Programming Studies","raw_type":"book-chapter"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W630170186","display_name":"Netflow at Pisa"},"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110102325","display_name":"E. L. Johnson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. L. Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["T. J. Watson Research Center, IBM Research Yorktown Heights, USA","IBM Research Yorktown Heights"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"T. J. Watson Research Center, IBM Research Yorktown Heights, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM Research Yorktown Heights","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089542877","display_name":"P. Pieroni","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Pieroni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mathematical Institute, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","University of Pisa,#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematical Institute, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pisa,#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3464,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83802817,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"215","last_page":"217"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10720","display_name":"Complexity and Algorithms in Graphs","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10720","display_name":"Complexity and Algorithms in Graphs","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12709","display_name":"Optimization and Mathematical Programming","score":0.01269999984651804,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.005499999970197678,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-orientation","display_name":"network orientation","score":0.9179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/street-network-design","display_name":"road network design","score":0.4909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-sink-pairs","display_name":"source-sink pairs","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distance-minimization","display_name":"distance minimization","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequential-optimization","display_name":"sequential optimization","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/column-generation","display_name":"column generation","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/row-generation","display_name":"row generation","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-programming","display_name":"linear programming","score":0.6299999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5713558197021484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5685150027275085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5631226897239685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41045048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202843","display_name":"Linear programming","level":2,"score":0.5165868997573853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168956720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3123181","display_name":"Column generation","level":2,"score":0.47458672523498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.454105943441391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.42844098806381226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143050476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194502","display_name":"Sink (geography)","level":2,"score":0.415669322013855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3089091181755066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2653508484363556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.26465168595314026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bfb0121098","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bfb0121098","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bfb0121098","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210170833","display_name":"Mathematical programming studies","issn_l":"0303-3929","issn":["0303-3929","2364-8201"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"book series"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Mathematical Programming Studies","raw_type":"book-chapter"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W5720473","https://openalex.org/W1540760152","https://openalex.org/W2167539320"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2766620637","https://openalex.org/W2371203670","https://openalex.org/W171927114","https://openalex.org/W7119308940","https://openalex.org/W186293262","https://openalex.org/W2092941378","https://openalex.org/W1967545106","https://openalex.org/W2053891507","https://openalex.org/W2310540321","https://openalex.org/W6986132337"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}