{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1789792984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12026","title":"Where's the Farmer? Limiting Liability in Midwestern Industrial Hog Production","display_name":"Where's the Farmer? Limiting Liability in Midwestern Industrial Hog Production","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-10-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1789792984","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12026","mag":"1789792984"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/ruso.12026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12026","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6596815","display_name":"Rural Sociology","issn_l":"0036-0112","issn":["0036-0112","1549-0831"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Rural Sociology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068977094","display_name":"Loka L. Ashwood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-2938","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-2938"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135310074","display_name":"University of Wisconsin\u2013Madison","ror":"https://ror.org/01y2jtd41","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Loka Ashwood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community and Environmental Sociology; University of Wisconsin-Madison"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community and Environmental Sociology; University of Wisconsin-Madison","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135310074"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026737203","display_name":"Danielle Diamond","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0032-3663","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0032-3663"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102502594","display_name":"Northern Illinois University","ror":"https://ror.org/012wxa772","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102502594"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Danielle Diamond","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anthropology Northern Illinois University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anthropology Northern Illinois University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102502594"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113831528","display_name":"Kendall Thu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102502594","display_name":"Northern Illinois University","ror":"https://ror.org/012wxa772","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102502594"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kendall Thu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Anthropology Northern Illinois University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Anthropology Northern Illinois University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102502594"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3520,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3520},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.5272,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":58,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97683731,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"79","issue":"1","first_page":"2","last_page":"27"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11862","display_name":"Agriculture, Land Use, Rural Development","score":0.6333000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11862","display_name":"Agriculture, Land Use, Rural Development","score":0.6333000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11805","display_name":"Agricultural economics and policies","score":0.12759999930858612,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12348","display_name":"Rural Development and Agriculture","score":0.1145000010728836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pig-farming","display_name":"pig farming","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrialization","display_name":"industrialization","score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limited-liability-company","display_name":"limited liability company","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-farms","display_name":"family farms","score":0.5429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-externalization","display_name":"risk externalization","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-communities","display_name":"rural communities","score":0.7080000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41866144","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202398","display_name":"Industrialisation","level":2,"score":0.7186287045478821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6344258785247803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777834853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96776939","display_name":"Liability","level":2,"score":0.6010574102401733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.46869802474975586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4530089795589447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.389944851398468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.26286715269088745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.21250179409980774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.12055575847625732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.1188492476940155}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/ruso.12026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12026","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ruso.12026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6596815","display_name":"Rural Sociology","issn_l":"0036-0112","issn":["0036-0112","1549-0831"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Rural Sociology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.40450000762939453,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1199514113","https://openalex.org/W1496704143","https://openalex.org/W1551042339","https://openalex.org/W1551775883","https://openalex.org/W1557192855","https://openalex.org/W1568029152","https://openalex.org/W1832811368","https://openalex.org/W1976653347","https://openalex.org/W1980421792","https://openalex.org/W1980782481","https://openalex.org/W1988487675","https://openalex.org/W1988959171","https://openalex.org/W1996807785","https://openalex.org/W1999037793","https://openalex.org/W2004204262","https://openalex.org/W2004388900","https://openalex.org/W2009221092","https://openalex.org/W2020041129","https://openalex.org/W2026358542","https://openalex.org/W2032379509","https://openalex.org/W2032568265","https://openalex.org/W2074618639","https://openalex.org/W2097666265","https://openalex.org/W2125733138","https://openalex.org/W2130439315","https://openalex.org/W2131424534","https://openalex.org/W2133409947","https://openalex.org/W2146671116","https://openalex.org/W2149021062","https://openalex.org/W2151688103","https://openalex.org/W2155997468","https://openalex.org/W2167741447","https://openalex.org/W2261595313","https://openalex.org/W2318839225","https://openalex.org/W2553310246","https://openalex.org/W2606914596","https://openalex.org/W2614320070","https://openalex.org/W3020985718","https://openalex.org/W3124929184","https://openalex.org/W3125254431","https://openalex.org/W3125341252","https://openalex.org/W4243428812"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6963688172","https://openalex.org/W7061362094","https://openalex.org/W2063850820","https://openalex.org/W2167741447","https://openalex.org/W190230224","https://openalex.org/W1477188700","https://openalex.org/W1979071294","https://openalex.org/W2156302441","https://openalex.org/W3126178391","https://openalex.org/W2764036245"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Scholars":[1],"largely":[2],"assume":[3],"that":[4,30,38,56,98,128,148],"hog":[5,22,57,81,101,117,132,157,172],"production":[6,47,133,183],"is":[7,53,91,189],"following":[8],"the":[9,14,19,25,40,46,68,80,113,129,135,151,169,180,220],"same":[10],"industrialization":[11,221],"process":[12],"as":[13],"integrated":[15],"poultry":[16],"industry.":[17],"Since":[18],"collapse":[20],"of":[21,67,94,116,123,131,137,171,182],"farming":[23],"in":[24,36,50,112,146],"1990s,":[26],"academics":[27],"have":[28],"anticipated":[29],"producers":[31],"will":[32],"eventually":[33],"become":[34],"trapped":[35],"contracts":[37],"leave":[39],"integrator":[41],"with":[42],"full":[43],"control":[44],"over":[45],"process.":[48,222],"Embedded":[49],"this":[51,161],"prediction":[52],"an":[54],"assumption":[55],"farmers":[58,102,158],"respond":[59],"to":[60,104,126,143,165,191],"these":[61],"productive":[62],"pressures":[63],"individually.":[64],"Our":[65],"analysis":[66],"C":[69,85,206],"arthage":[70,86,207],"M":[71,87,208],"anagement":[72,88,209],"S":[73,89,210],"ystem":[74,90,211],"suggests":[75],"a":[76,92,121],"different":[77],"path":[78],"for":[79,168,199,216],"commodity":[82],"chain.":[83],"The":[84],"conglomeration":[93],"business":[95],"management":[96],"firms":[97],"bring":[99],"finishing":[100],"together":[103],"form":[105],"limited":[106],"liability":[107,145],"corporations":[108,142,178],"(":[109],"LLCs":[110],")":[111],"breed\u2010to\u2010wean":[114],"stage":[115],"production.":[118,173],"We":[119,174],"use":[120,136],"sociology":[122],"agrifood":[124],"framework":[125],"suggest":[127],"nuances":[130],"encourage":[134],"what":[138],"we":[139],"call":[140],"folding":[141,177],"limit":[144],"ways":[147],"profoundly":[149],"transform":[150],"family":[152],"farm.":[153],"Corporations":[154],"and":[155,213,219],"individual":[156],"alike":[159],"employ":[160],"creative":[162],"LLC":[163],"structure":[164],"deflect":[166],"responsibility":[167],"risks":[170],"identify":[175],"how":[176,201],"externalize":[179],"costs":[181],"onto":[184],"rural":[185,217],"communities.":[186],"Additional":[187],"research":[188],"needed":[190],"better":[192],"understand":[193],"unfolding":[194],"farmer":[195],"identities,":[196],"legal":[197],"protections":[198],"farmers,":[200],"widespread":[202],"organizational":[203],"structures":[204],"like":[205],"are,":[212],"their":[214],"consequences":[215],"communities":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
