{"id":"https://openalex.org/W178747951","doi":null,"title":"Biomechanical Assessment of PassiveAnkle Joint Complex DorsiflexionAlfred Gatt2013thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement of Staffordshire University for thedegree of Doctor of Philosophy","display_name":"Biomechanical Assessment of PassiveAnkle Joint Complex DorsiflexionAlfred Gatt2013thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirement of Staffordshire University for thedegree of Doctor of Philosophy","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W178747951","mag":"178747951"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.staffs.ac.uk:1991","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.staffs.ac.uk/1991/1/Gatt%20-%20Biomechanical%20Assessment%20of%20Passive%20Ankle%20%20%20%20%20%20Joint%20Complex%20Dorsiflexion.pdf","pdf_url":"http://eprints.staffs.ac.uk/1991/1/Gatt%20-%20Biomechanical%20Assessment%20of%20Passive%20Ankle%20%20%20%20%20%20Joint%20Complex%20Dorsiflexion.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401113","display_name":"Staffordshire Online Repository (Staffordshire University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I198012923","host_organization_name":"University of Staffordshire","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198012923"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://eprints.staffs.ac.uk/1991/1/Gatt%20-%20Biomechanical%20Assessment%20of%20Passive%20Ankle%20%20%20%20%20%20Joint%20Complex%20Dorsiflexion.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073618880","display_name":"Alfred Gatt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0489-6479","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0489-6479"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alfred Gatt","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0489-6479","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5073618880"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10455","display_name":"Foot and Ankle Surgery","score":0.8428000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10455","display_name":"Foot and Ankle Surgery","score":0.8428000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11018","display_name":"Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies","score":0.15479999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13946","display_name":"Musculoskeletal Disorders and Rehabilitation","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2742","display_name":"Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ankle-dorsiflexion","display_name":"ankle dorsiflexion","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/measurement-reliability","display_name":"measurement reliability","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foot-posture","display_name":"foot posture","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equinus","display_name":"equinus","score":0.42500001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adolescents","display_name":"adolescents","score":0.42100000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foot-biomechanics","display_name":"foot biomechanics","score":0.5509999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778640784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168002","display_name":"Ankle","level":2,"score":0.8276932239532471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48806519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126161","display_name":"Goniometer","level":2,"score":0.7012901306152344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909001638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264251","display_name":"Ankle dorsiflexion","level":3,"score":0.6332089304924011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.5698956251144409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.5590462684631348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115076146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1651051","display_name":"Foot (prosody)","level":2,"score":0.5578415393829346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5487799644470215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019029512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264251","display_name":"Plantar flexion","level":3,"score":0.42102333903312683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29694066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118301","display_name":"Orthodontics","level":1,"score":0.4200100898742676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.41295385360717773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.13407015800476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12589484453201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12266647815704346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.060382992029190063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.staffs.ac.uk:1991","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.staffs.ac.uk/1991/1/Gatt%20-%20Biomechanical%20Assessment%20of%20Passive%20Ankle%20%20%20%20%20%20Joint%20Complex%20Dorsiflexion.pdf","pdf_url":"http://eprints.staffs.ac.uk/1991/1/Gatt%20-%20Biomechanical%20Assessment%20of%20Passive%20Ankle%20%20%20%20%20%20Joint%20Complex%20Dorsiflexion.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401113","display_name":"Staffordshire Online Repository (Staffordshire University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I198012923","host_organization_name":"University of Staffordshire","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198012923"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"pmh:hdl:10068/995030","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10068/995030","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196900","display_name":"OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1295345811","host_organization_name":"Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295345811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"U - Thesis"},{"id":"mag:178747951","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.staffs.ac.uk/id/eprint/1991","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:313933403","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.staffs.ac.uk/1991/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.staffs.ac.uk:1991","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.staffs.ac.uk/1991/1/Gatt%20-%20Biomechanical%20Assessment%20of%20Passive%20Ankle%20%20%20%20%20%20Joint%20Complex%20Dorsiflexion.pdf","pdf_url":"http://eprints.staffs.ac.uk/1991/1/Gatt%20-%20Biomechanical%20Assessment%20of%20Passive%20Ankle%20%20%20%20%20%20Joint%20Complex%20Dorsiflexion.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401113","display_name":"Staffordshire Online Repository (Staffordshire University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I198012923","host_organization_name":"University of Staffordshire","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198012923"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6240000128746033,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W178747951.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W178747951.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":122,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3992498","https://openalex.org/W31400568","https://openalex.org/W70249537","https://openalex.org/W87235242","https://openalex.org/W171731147","https://openalex.org/W1496371460","https://openalex.org/W1598569163","https://openalex.org/W1776279657","https://openalex.org/W1786706809","https://openalex.org/W1894415052","https://openalex.org/W1939152361","https://openalex.org/W1964211921","https://openalex.org/W1971348077","https://openalex.org/W1973156691","https://openalex.org/W1973533324","https://openalex.org/W1976953979","https://openalex.org/W1981589537","https://openalex.org/W1988388837","https://openalex.org/W1990276492","https://openalex.org/W1991562846","https://openalex.org/W1995078045","https://openalex.org/W1996014502","https://openalex.org/W1999315346","https://openalex.org/W2000523947","https://openalex.org/W2002848092","https://openalex.org/W2003052370","https://openalex.org/W2009001548","https://openalex.org/W2010664665","https://openalex.org/W2014321758","https://openalex.org/W2016447592","https://openalex.org/W2019303851","https://openalex.org/W2021387170","https://openalex.org/W2021407054","https://openalex.org/W2021731262","https://openalex.org/W2024016461","https://openalex.org/W2027700715","https://openalex.org/W2027846313","https://openalex.org/W2030840908","https://openalex.org/W2033883127","https://openalex.org/W2033921590","https://openalex.org/W2034579881","https://openalex.org/W2035065577","https://openalex.org/W2037049788","https://openalex.org/W2038219866","https://openalex.org/W2041679835","https://openalex.org/W2046795833","https://openalex.org/W2048896531","https://openalex.org/W2051117500","https://openalex.org/W2053446803","https://openalex.org/W2054835605","https://openalex.org/W2056461928","https://openalex.org/W2058553163","https://openalex.org/W2062285167","https://openalex.org/W2062353168","https://openalex.org/W2065163145","https://openalex.org/W2069379278","https://openalex.org/W2076658502","https://openalex.org/W2078555418","https://openalex.org/W2082257715","https://openalex.org/W2084321439","https://openalex.org/W2085601229","https://openalex.org/W2086163261","https://openalex.org/W2086345605","https://openalex.org/W2086429245","https://openalex.org/W2086805464","https://openalex.org/W2088445021","https://openalex.org/W2093579014","https://openalex.org/W2093851004","https://openalex.org/W2096939447","https://openalex.org/W2097169113","https://openalex.org/W2100810193","https://openalex.org/W2103778516","https://openalex.org/W2104185603","https://openalex.org/W2108341823","https://openalex.org/W2111802068","https://openalex.org/W2112637091","https://openalex.org/W2114657373","https://openalex.org/W2115322909","https://openalex.org/W2121095686","https://openalex.org/W2134030202","https://openalex.org/W2134179587","https://openalex.org/W2134531983","https://openalex.org/W2137310498","https://openalex.org/W2137398444","https://openalex.org/W2140069477","https://openalex.org/W2140305885","https://openalex.org/W2140571225","https://openalex.org/W2140739497","https://openalex.org/W2140832414","https://openalex.org/W2140876307","https://openalex.org/W2141810329","https://openalex.org/W2142471698","https://openalex.org/W2142899511","https://openalex.org/W2144112574","https://openalex.org/W2144736683","https://openalex.org/W2146365016","https://openalex.org/W2147493587","https://openalex.org/W2148782009","https://openalex.org/W2149830388","https://openalex.org/W2153726124","https://openalex.org/W2154136831","https://openalex.org/W2155529507","https://openalex.org/W2155911723","https://openalex.org/W2156735347","https://openalex.org/W2160294605","https://openalex.org/W2161446591","https://openalex.org/W2166682427","https://openalex.org/W2171769523","https://openalex.org/W2172197269","https://openalex.org/W2189624500","https://openalex.org/W2256082158","https://openalex.org/W2265715638","https://openalex.org/W2275744032","https://openalex.org/W2309051271","https://openalex.org/W2317402504","https://openalex.org/W2322860035","https://openalex.org/W2333376537","https://openalex.org/W2335022041","https://openalex.org/W2414998527","https://openalex.org/W2793625688","https://openalex.org/W3031444848","https://openalex.org/W4255399620"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6980260234","https://openalex.org/W313933403","https://openalex.org/W2025669838","https://openalex.org/W2046795833","https://openalex.org/W2586612751","https://openalex.org/W2745424579","https://openalex.org/W2085601229","https://openalex.org/W2033883127","https://openalex.org/W2030840908","https://openalex.org/W3210861628"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"\\n":[1,2,126,378,379,380,381,382,383,384,385,386,387,388,389,390,391,392,393,394,395,396,397,398,399,400,401,402,403,404,405,406,407,408,409,410,411,412,413,414,415,416,417,418,419,420,421,422,423,424,425,426,427,428,429,430,431,432,433,434,435,436,437,438,439,440,441,442,443,444,445,446,447,448,449,451,452,453,454,455,456,457,458],"\\nThe":[3],"measurement":[4,182,329,354],"of":[5,13,31,48,93,111,154,195,202,255,258,292,336,517,547,554],"ankle":[6,32,36,62,95,140,460,589],"joint":[7,299,523,590],"dorsiflexion":[8,37,96,307,592],"is":[9,21,38,76,82,257,345,581],"an":[10,23,117,155,492,495],"important":[11,67],"component":[12],"the":[14,18,60,102,152,193,199,203,216,232,246,266,275,283,290,297,309,319,323,364,477,480,503,513,519,565,578],"clinical":[15,56,68,260],"examination":[16],"\\nof":[17,308,529,567],"foot":[19,112,478,504,520],"and":[20,66,97,124,159,183,198,234,238,242,251,362,471,494,534,541,550,584,597],"also":[22,341],"outcome":[24],"measure":[25],"often":[26],"employed":[27],"in":[28,51,104,214,225,277,318,334,479,506,544,594,598],"research.":[29],"Diagnosis":[30],"equinus":[33],"\\nor":[34],"limited":[35],"based":[39,71],"solely":[40],"on":[41,72,171,564],"this":[42,52,80,86,181,210,328,353,568],"measurement.":[43],"Although":[44],"a":[45,108,162,271,293,507,527,551,582,599],"great":[46],"majority":[47],"\\nresearch":[49],"papers":[50,167],"field":[53],"utilise":[54],"normal":[55],"goniometers":[57],"for":[58,587],"obtaining":[59],"maximum":[61,218],"\\ndorsiflexion":[63],"angle":[64,254,273,287],"(MADA)":[65],"decisions":[69],"are":[70,314],"these":[73,337],"findings,":[74],"there":[75,313,344],"\\noverwhelming":[77],"evidence":[78],"that":[79,100,132,178,184,213,265,296,327,343,363,462,577],"method":[81,516],"highly":[83],"unreliable.":[84],"Thus":[85],"thesis":[87],"aimed":[88],"to":[89,106,168,186,285,305,348,356,512],"investigate":[90],"\\nalternative":[91],"methods":[92],"measuring":[94,139,588],"various":[98,134],"issues":[99,179],"affect":[101],"MADA":[103,321],"\\norder":[105],"obtain":[107],"clear":[109],"picture":[110],"segment":[113],"movement":[114,466],"from":[115,151],"which":[116,165],"Ankle":[118,579],"Goniometer":[119,580],"could":[120],"be":[121,187,303,332],"\\nconsequently":[122],"designed":[123,136],"validated.":[125],"\\nTen":[127],"different":[128,530],"techniques":[129],"were":[130,221],"identified":[131],"included":[133],"apparatuses":[135],"specifically":[137],"\\nfor":[138],"dorsiflexion.":[141],"However,":[142,245],"during":[143,289,352],"validation,":[144],"their":[145],"methodological":[146,172],"quality":[147,173],"would":[148],"\\nhave":[149],"benefitted":[150],"use":[153],"actual":[156],"patient":[157],"population":[158],"comparison":[160],"with":[161,228,491,502,561],"reference":[163],"\\nstandard,":[164],"caused":[166],"score":[169],"poorly":[170],"assessment.":[174],"It":[175,339,573],"was":[176,263,483,487,570],"\\nconcluded":[177],"affecting":[180],"needed":[185],"researched":[188],"further":[189],"include:":[190],"\\nfoot":[191,280],"posture,":[192,482],"amount":[194],"moment":[196,350],"applied":[197,304,351],"stretching":[200],"characteristics":[201],"calf":[204,365],"muscle":[205,366],"\\ntendon":[206],"unit.":[207],"\\nExperiments":[208],"within":[209],"study":[211],"indicated":[212],"adults,":[215],"mean":[217,320],"pronated":[219,233,241],"angles":[220],"\\nalways":[222],"higher":[223],"than":[224,274],"other":[226],"postures,":[227,281],"8.27o":[229],"difference":[230],"between":[231,240,249,322,360,558],"supinated":[235,252,508],"\\npostures":[236],"(p=0.032)":[237],"5.78o":[239],"neutral":[243,250,524],"(p=0.000).":[244],"reported":[247],"\\ndifference":[248],"(mean":[253],"2.49o)":[256],"little":[259,562],"significance.":[261],"\\nIt":[262],"observed":[264],"forefoot":[267,286,469],"always":[268],"travels":[269],"through":[270],"greater":[272],"hindfoot":[276,284,465],"all":[278],"3":[279,324],"while":[282],"increases":[288],"application":[291],"moment,":[294],"\\nindicating":[295],"\u2018midtarsal":[298],"locking":[300],"mechanism\u2019":[301],"cannot":[302],"passive":[306,376],"foot.":[310],"In":[311],"adolescents,":[312],"no":[315,346],"significant":[316],"differences":[317],"\\npostures,":[325],"implying":[326],"technique":[330],"may":[331],"performed":[333],"any":[335],"postures.":[338],"\\nwas":[340],"concluded":[342],"need":[347],"control":[349],"\\nprocedure":[355],"produce":[357],"consistent":[358],"results":[359],"raters":[361,560],"tendon":[367],"unit":[368],"does":[369],"\\nnot":[370],"stretch":[371],"significantly":[372],"following":[373],"brief":[374],"repetitive":[375],"stretching.":[377],"\\nii":[450],"\\nAn":[459],"goniometer":[461],"measured":[463],"purely":[464],"by":[467,475,489],"eliminating":[468],"influence":[470],"\\nthat":[472],"increased":[473],"reliability":[474,536],"holding":[476],"chosen":[481],"consequently":[484],"designed.":[485],"\\nThis":[486],"validated":[488],"synchronizing":[490],"electrogoniometer":[493],"optoelectronic":[496],"motion":[497],"capture":[498],"\\nsystem.":[499],"Reliability":[500,556],"testing,":[501],"held":[505],"posture":[509],"as":[510],"opposed":[511],"\\ntraditional":[514],"Rootian":[515],"placing":[518],"at":[521],"subtalar":[522],"position,":[525],"spanned":[526],"number":[528],"trials,":[531],"including":[532],"intra-tester":[533],"inter-tester":[535],"studies":[537],"utilising":[538],"both":[539,593],"\\ncontrolled":[540],"uncontrolled":[542],"conditions,":[543],"convenience":[545],"samples":[546],"healthy":[548,595],"participants":[549],"random":[552],"\\nsample":[553],"patients.":[555],"testing":[557],"4":[559],"experience":[563],"utilization":[566],"device":[569,586],"finally":[571],"conducted.":[572],"has":[574],"been":[575],"shown":[576],"valid":[583],"\\nreliable":[585],"complex":[591],"adults":[596],"\\npatient":[600],"population.":[601]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}