{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1784780844","doi":null,"title":"Analyzing the Role of ICTs in the Tunisian and Egyptian Unrest from an Information Warfare Perspective","display_name":"Analyzing the Role of ICTs in the Tunisian and Egyptian Unrest from an Information Warfare Perspective","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1784780844","mag":"1784780844"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ijoc.org:article/1168","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/1168","pdf_url":"https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/download/1168/614","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S191319304","display_name":"International journal of communication","issn_l":"1932-8036","issn":["1932-8036"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323293532","host_organization_name":"USC Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323293532"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["USC Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1932-8036","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/download/1168/614","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080128974","display_name":"Brett van Niekerk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1050-4256","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1050-4256"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brett van Niekerk","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1050-4256","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037318346","display_name":"Kiru Pillay","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kiru Pillay","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043013834","display_name":"Manoj Sewak Maharaj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5340-1794","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5340-1794"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manoj Maharaj","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5340-1794","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.6628,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98724618,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"11","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13634","display_name":"Middle East and Rwanda Conflicts","score":0.5307999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13634","display_name":"Middle East and Rwanda Conflicts","score":0.5307999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.2468000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14402","display_name":"Arab Spring and North African Politics","score":0.15559999644756317,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-warfare","display_name":"information warfare","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-and-communication-technologies","display_name":"information and communication technologies","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arab-spring","display_name":"Arab Spring","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tunisian-revolution","display_name":"Tunisian revolution","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2011-egyptian-revolution","display_name":"Egyptian revolution","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-media","display_name":"social media","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-protest","display_name":"political protest","score":0.4449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-flow","display_name":"information flow","score":0.531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-activism","display_name":"digital activism","score":0.3779999911785126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778358470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7897387","display_name":"Unrest","level":3,"score":0.9165342450141907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994499861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q686984","display_name":"Social unrest","level":3,"score":0.7262296080589294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.7141152620315552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781349506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911036","display_name":"Information warfare","level":2,"score":0.7057190537452698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776343822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5969768","display_name":"ICTS","level":3,"score":0.5821242928504944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.5769556760787964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67363961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5268834","display_name":"Information and Communications Technology","level":2,"score":0.5445752739906311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5105801224708557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781023928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1348131","display_name":"Modern warfare","level":2,"score":0.5105525255203247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518677369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202833","display_name":"Social media","level":2,"score":0.504315972328186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121017731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11661","display_name":"Information technology","level":2,"score":0.4306902289390564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.16698411107063293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.1390186846256256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.07261848449707031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ijoc.org:article/1168","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/1168","pdf_url":"https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/download/1168/614","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S191319304","display_name":"International journal of communication","issn_l":"1932-8036","issn":["1932-8036"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323293532","host_organization_name":"USC Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323293532"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["USC Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1932-8036","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:1e30f34f483945d4b2d0cf3204035bb5","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/1e30f34f483945d4b2d0cf3204035bb5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Communication, Vol 5 (2011)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8f26b517d7a644cbbf4e85931bfdaa03","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8f26b517d7a644cbbf4e85931bfdaa03","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Communication, Vol 5 (2011)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a04797061c9a427196a8725dc80bfe6c","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a04797061c9a427196a8725dc80bfe6c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Communication, Vol 5 (2011)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:1784780844","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/1168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S191319304","display_name":"International journal of communication","issn_l":"1932-8036","issn":["1932-8036"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323293532","host_organization_name":"USC Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323293532"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["USC Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International journal of communication","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:2245069131","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Manoj_Maharaj/publication/256473432_Analysing_the_Role_of_ICTs_in_the_Tunisian_and_Egyptian_Unrest_from_and_Information_Warfare_Perspective/links/55195a130cf2d241f35638b5.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S191319304","display_name":"International journal of communication","issn_l":"1932-8036","issn":["1932-8036"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323293532","host_organization_name":"USC Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323293532"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["USC Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International journal of communication","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ijoc.org:article/1168","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/view/1168","pdf_url":"https://ijoc.org/index.php/ijoc/article/download/1168/614","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S191319304","display_name":"International journal of communication","issn_l":"1932-8036","issn":["1932-8036"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4323293532","host_organization_name":"USC Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4323293532"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["USC Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1932-8036","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.9200000166893005}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1784780844.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1784780844.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1607018174","https://openalex.org/W1740848107","https://openalex.org/W2039966474","https://openalex.org/W2086256051","https://openalex.org/W2088541859","https://openalex.org/W2096263684"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2245069131","https://openalex.org/W2623959644","https://openalex.org/W2185624410","https://openalex.org/W1894015544","https://openalex.org/W2919704369","https://openalex.org/W3198441012","https://openalex.org/W4237931395","https://openalex.org/W2008017149","https://openalex.org/W3008645358","https://openalex.org/W4395959181"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"January":[1],"2011,":[2],"the":[3,22,28,43,55,63,72,87,94,99,102,112],"Tunisian":[4,103],"government":[5],"stepped":[6],"down":[7],"after":[8],"weeks":[9],"of":[10,30,57,77,86,89,101],"protests;":[11],"this":[12],"was":[13],"followed":[14],"by":[15,42],"unrest":[16],"and":[17,47,50,65,91,104],"protests":[18],"in":[19,34,39,61,93],"Egypt":[20],"against":[21],"Egyptian":[23,105],"government,":[24],"leading":[25],"also":[26],"to":[27,98],"resignation":[29],"its":[31],"president.":[32],"Demonstrations":[33],"both":[35],"countries":[36],"were":[37,68,74],"facilitated":[38],"some":[40],"part":[41],"online":[44],"social":[45,78],"media":[46],"related":[48],"information":[49,64,79,92],"communications":[51],"technologies":[52,67],"that":[53,71,96],"impacted":[54],"flow":[56],"information.":[58],"The":[59],"manner":[60],"which":[62],"communication":[66],"employed":[69],"suggests":[70],"uprisings":[73,108],"a":[75],"form":[76],"warfare.":[80],"To":[81],"provide":[82],"an":[83],"alternative":[84],"understanding":[85],"role":[88],"technology":[90],"events":[95],"led":[97],"resignations":[100],"presidents,":[106],"these":[107],"are":[109],"analyzed":[110],"using":[111],"Information":[113],"Warfare":[114],"Lifecycle":[115],"Model.":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}