{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1779627697","doi":null,"title":"Tourism in Scotland","display_name":"Tourism in Scotland","publication_year":1980,"publication_date":"1980-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1779627697","mag":"1779627697"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:strathprints.strath.ac.uk:50598","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/view/author/120293.html>","pdf_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/50598/1/FEC_5_3_1980_Tourism_In_Scotland.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402226","display_name":"Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","host_organization_name":"University of Strathclyde","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/50598/1/FEC_5_3_1980_Tourism_In_Scotland.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054122561","display_name":"David Bell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4538-6328","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4538-6328"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Bell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraser of Allander Institute"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4538-6328","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraser of Allander Institute","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064119073","display_name":"Gary Emmett","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gary Emmett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraser of Allander Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraser of Allander Institute","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109031653","display_name":"Neil Fraser","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neil Fraser","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraser of Allander Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraser of Allander Institute","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043133430","display_name":"A. Jowett","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Jowett","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraser of Allander Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraser of Allander Institute","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072599751","display_name":"Frank X. Kirwan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frank X. Kirwan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraser of Allander Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraser of Allander Institute","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033359255","display_name":"Iain H. McNicoll","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1221-7963","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1221-7963"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iain McNicoll","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraser of Allander Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraser of Allander Institute","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047090410","display_name":"Lyle Moar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lyle Moar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraser of Allander Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraser of Allander Institute","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005392398","display_name":"Ian Orton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8719-7032","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8719-7032"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ian Orton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraser of Allander Institute"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8719-7032","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraser of Allander Institute","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103838090","display_name":"David R. F. Simpson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David R. F. Simpson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraser of Allander Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraser of Allander Institute","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064848204","display_name":"Alison A. Wingfield","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alison A. Wingfield","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraser of Allander Institute"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraser of Allander Institute","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.2166543,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"3","first_page":"25","last_page":"29"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10055","display_name":"Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10055","display_name":"Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14051","display_name":"Regional Economic and Spatial Analysis","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12670","display_name":"Urbanism, Landscape, and Tourism Studies","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tourism","display_name":"tourism","score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scotland","display_name":"Scotland","score":0.6010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tourist-expenditure","display_name":"tourist expenditure","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-impact-of-tourism","display_name":"economic impact of tourism","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-tourists","display_name":"foreign tourists","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-employment","display_name":"rural employment","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hotel-occupancy","display_name":"hotel occupancy","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tourism-statistics","display_name":"tourism statistics","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tourism-industry","display_name":"tourism industry","score":0.414000004529953}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18918823","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49389","display_name":"Tourism","level":2,"score":0.9098339080810547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110269972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184872","display_name":"Recreation","level":2,"score":0.7014121413230896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.583466649055481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983132609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66076","display_name":"Foreign exchange","level":2,"score":0.541205644607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160331591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075743","display_name":"Occupancy","level":2,"score":0.5158059597015381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512170562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173799","display_name":"Entertainment","level":2,"score":0.4681083858013153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5333508","display_name":"Economic impact analysis","level":2,"score":0.4542572498321533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75545042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1350203","display_name":"Tourism geography","level":3,"score":0.4492571949958801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.38691750168800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.36896950006484985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.3600839376449585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3163474202156067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2704898416996002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.11271294951438904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:strathprints.strath.ac.uk:50598","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/view/author/120293.html>","pdf_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/50598/1/FEC_5_3_1980_Tourism_In_Scotland.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402226","display_name":"Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","host_organization_name":"University of Strathclyde","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"mag:1779627697","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pureportal.strath.ac.uk/en/publications/tourism-in-scotland","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764744389","display_name":"Quarterly economic commentary","issn_l":"0306-7866","issn":["0306-7866"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Quarterly economic commentary","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:strathprints.strath.ac.uk:50598","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/view/author/120293.html>","pdf_url":"https://strathprints.strath.ac.uk/50598/1/FEC_5_3_1980_Tourism_In_Scotland.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402226","display_name":"Strathprints: The University of Strathclyde institutional repository (University of Strathclyde)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I181647926","host_organization_name":"University of Strathclyde","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181647926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.9211000204086304}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1779627697.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1779627697.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2003967211","https://openalex.org/W2937860193","https://openalex.org/W4246378861","https://openalex.org/W2080853899","https://openalex.org/W2206998009","https://openalex.org/W4246797742","https://openalex.org/W4249170005","https://openalex.org/W4252271929","https://openalex.org/W4237528168","https://openalex.org/W2024984004"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"1978":[1],"13.2":[2],"million":[3,10,23],"tourist":[4,27,157],"and":[5,46,94,109,112,120,137,159,175],"business":[6],"travellers":[7],"spent":[8,151],"\u00a3523":[9],"in":[11,57,133,152],"Scotland,":[12,153],"Foreign":[13],"visitors,":[14,148],"although":[15],"only":[16],"8.5%":[17],"of":[18,26,42,50,53,83,87,90,100,127,135,147,171],"the":[19,58,81,101,124,167],"total,":[20],"contributed":[21],"\u00a3158":[22],"(ie":[24],"30.2%)":[25],"expenditure.":[28],"As":[29],"such":[30,144],"tourism":[31,69,128,173],"is":[32,39,129],"both":[33],"an":[34],"\"invisible\"":[35],"export,":[36],"since":[37],"it":[38],"a":[40,47,84],"means":[41],"earning":[43],"foreign":[44],"exchange,":[45],"significant":[48],"provider":[49],"jobs,":[51],"many":[52],"which":[54,91],"are":[55,70],"created":[56],"remoter":[59],"rural":[60],"areas.":[61],"Despite":[62],"its":[63,176],"importance":[64],"statistics":[65],"relating":[66],"specifically":[67],"to":[68],"not":[71,132],"readily":[72],"available":[73],"from":[74,104],"published":[75],"sources.":[76],"The":[77],"\"industry\"":[78],"actually":[79],"combines":[80],"resources":[82],"wide":[85],"range":[86],"activities,":[88],"most":[89],"have":[92],"economic":[93,125,169],"social":[95],"links":[96],"with":[97],"other":[98],"sectors":[99],"economy":[102],"independent":[103],"tourism.":[105],"These":[106],"include":[107],"hotels":[108],"catering,":[110],"transport":[111],"travel":[113],"services":[114],"as":[115,117,145,154,156],"well":[116,155],"entertainment,":[118],"sport":[119],"recreation":[121],"facilities.":[122],"Consequently":[123],"impact":[126,170],"generally":[130],"assessed":[131],"terms":[134],"employment":[136],"output":[138],"but":[139],"by":[140],"more":[141],"indirect":[142],"measures":[143],"numbers":[146],"or":[149],"bednights":[150],"expenditure":[158],"hotel":[160],"occupancy":[161],"data.":[162],"This":[163],"brief":[164],"will":[165],"examine":[166],"wider":[168],"Scotland's":[172],"industry":[174],"future.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
