{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1777700014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.149.9.1189","title":"Cigarette smoking in schizophrenia: relationship to psychopathology and medication side effects","display_name":"Cigarette smoking in schizophrenia: relationship to psychopathology and medication side effects","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1777700014","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.149.9.1189","mag":"1777700014","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1503131"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1176/ajp.149.9.1189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.149.9.1189","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.149.9.1189","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116025658","display_name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","issn_l":"0002-953X","issn":["0002-953X","1535-7228"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316602","host_organization_name":"American Psychiatric Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychiatric Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110870340","display_name":"DONALD C. GOFF","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4845-2327","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4845-2327"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D C Goff","raw_affiliation_strings":["Erich Lindemann Mental Health Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Erich Lindemann Mental Health Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070099244","display_name":"David C. Henderson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8755-4505","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8755-4505"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D C Henderson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"E Amico","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E Amico","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.5037,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":579,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98994833,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"149","issue":"9","first_page":"1189","last_page":"1194"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":0.7612000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10060","display_name":"Smoking Behavior and Cessation","score":0.7612000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10023","display_name":"Schizophrenia research and treatment","score":0.22769999504089355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10375","display_name":"Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3004","display_name":"Pharmacology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cigarette-smoking","display_name":"cigarette smoking","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/schizophrenia","display_name":"schizophrenia","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychopathology","display_name":"psychopathology","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antipsychotic-side-effects","display_name":"antipsychotic adverse effects","score":0.847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parkinsonism","display_name":"parkinsonism","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/akathisia","display_name":"akathisia","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extrapyramidal-symptoms","display_name":"extrapyramidal symptoms","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroleptic-dose","display_name":"neuroleptic dose","score":0.902999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brief-psychiatric-rating-scale","display_name":"Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale","score":0.8190000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simpson-angus-scale","display_name":"Simpson-Angus Scale","score":0.8889999985694885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777393122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q416417","display_name":"Akathisia","level":4,"score":0.6914517879486084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776525014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1531991","display_name":"Parkinsonism","level":3,"score":0.6179044842720032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.547521710395813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776412080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7431605","display_name":"Schizophrenia (object-oriented programming)","level":2,"score":0.5437750220298767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123273963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q624758","display_name":"Psychopathology","level":2,"score":0.524321436882019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779727114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170082","display_name":"Psychosis","level":2,"score":0.48527929186820984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.46966660022735596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780616385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385411","display_name":"Extrapyramidal symptoms","level":4,"score":0.46393945813179016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119340705","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1628597","display_name":"Analysis of covariance","level":2,"score":0.4593425691127777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83849319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7295720","display_name":"Rating scale","level":2,"score":0.4591464698314667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.4108867049217224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.39967480301856995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780494398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208144","display_name":"Antipsychotic","level":3,"score":0.38083159923553467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000553","descriptor_name":"Ambulatory Care","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000704","descriptor_name":"Analysis of Variance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001480","descriptor_name":"Basal Ganglia Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000139","qualifier_name":"chemically induced","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001480","descriptor_name":"Basal Ganglia Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002110","descriptor_name":"Caffeine","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003069","descriptor_name":"Coffee","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006760","descriptor_name":"Hospitalization","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011569","descriptor_name":"Psychiatric Status Rating Scales","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011595","descriptor_name":"Psychomotor Agitation","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011619","descriptor_name":"Psychotropic Drugs","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011619","descriptor_name":"Psychotropic Drugs","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012559","descriptor_name":"Schizophrenia","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012559","descriptor_name":"Schizophrenia","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012559","descriptor_name":"Schizophrenia","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012565","descriptor_name":"Schizophrenic Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012737","descriptor_name":"Sex Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012907","descriptor_name":"Smoking","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017109","descriptor_name":"Akathisia, Drug-Induced","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1176/ajp.149.9.1189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.149.9.1189","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.149.9.1189","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116025658","display_name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","issn_l":"0002-953X","issn":["0002-953X","1535-7228"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316602","host_organization_name":"American Psychiatric Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316602"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychiatric Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:1503131","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1503131","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American journal of psychiatry","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2341981753","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/doi/pdfplus/10.1176/ajp.149.9.1189","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W67545261","https://openalex.org/W152718690","https://openalex.org/W166377634","https://openalex.org/W635647874","https://openalex.org/W1967446586","https://openalex.org/W1970932825","https://openalex.org/W1979225061","https://openalex.org/W1979300589","https://openalex.org/W1979907350","https://openalex.org/W1990989480","https://openalex.org/W1996151392","https://openalex.org/W2001564330","https://openalex.org/W2002746902","https://openalex.org/W2008688825","https://openalex.org/W2013963976","https://openalex.org/W2018927473","https://openalex.org/W2020052531","https://openalex.org/W2020844317","https://openalex.org/W2031673349","https://openalex.org/W2034198550","https://openalex.org/W2042510291","https://openalex.org/W2045247843","https://openalex.org/W2051602472","https://openalex.org/W2054044351","https://openalex.org/W2055240237","https://openalex.org/W2058186189","https://openalex.org/W2059834368","https://openalex.org/W2060285363","https://openalex.org/W2060506981","https://openalex.org/W2062521477","https://openalex.org/W2063589262","https://openalex.org/W2066482939","https://openalex.org/W2069840117","https://openalex.org/W2082077130","https://openalex.org/W2087027811","https://openalex.org/W2090773271","https://openalex.org/W2093374872","https://openalex.org/W2093923409","https://openalex.org/W2102145174","https://openalex.org/W2106013922","https://openalex.org/W2109223175","https://openalex.org/W2112443595","https://openalex.org/W2120008633","https://openalex.org/W2120357670","https://openalex.org/W2125343223","https://openalex.org/W2140974602","https://openalex.org/W2164719099","https://openalex.org/W2165379748","https://openalex.org/W2166983264","https://openalex.org/W2208720167","https://openalex.org/W2272461430","https://openalex.org/W2322463045","https://openalex.org/W2399765479","https://openalex.org/W2417199472","https://openalex.org/W2417460883","https://openalex.org/W3140159206","https://openalex.org/W4248897783"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2341981753","https://openalex.org/W2728110804","https://openalex.org/W2066417000","https://openalex.org/W1501711344","https://openalex.org/W1985634308","https://openalex.org/W1979185325","https://openalex.org/W4414258443","https://openalex.org/W2735429287","https://openalex.org/W1988471171","https://openalex.org/W2381390824"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"The":[1],"authors'":[2],"goal":[3],"was":[4,163],"to":[5,116,124,127,131],"study":[6],"the":[7,29,35,41,161,181,198,217],"relationship":[8],"between":[9,200],"smoking":[10,82,192,203,213],"status":[11,83,193,214,251],"and":[12,40,66,84,88,92,105,130,139,148,156,172,175,202,266],"clinical":[13,60],"characteristics":[14],"in":[15,70,229,236,246,260],"schizophrenic":[16,20],"patients.":[17],"METHOD:":[18],"Seventy-eight":[19],"outpatients":[21],"were":[22,52,73,102,120],"assessed":[23],"by":[24,62,75],"a":[25,107,140,187,208,233,253],"single":[26],"rater":[27],"using":[28],"Brief":[30],"Psychiatric":[31],"Rating":[32],"Scale":[33,43,219],"(BPRS),":[34],"Abnormal":[36],"Involuntary":[37],"Movement":[38],"Scale,":[39],"Simpson-Angus":[42,218],"for":[44,191,216],"extrapyramidal":[45],"symptoms.":[46],"Current":[47,146,165],"smokers":[48,104,119,147,166,223],"(N":[49,56],"=":[50,57],"58)":[51],"compared":[53],"with":[54,81,243],"nonsmokers":[55,149],"20)":[58],"on":[59,180],"variables":[61,72],"independent":[63],"t":[64],"tests":[65],"chi-square":[67],"tests.":[68],"Differences":[69],"outcome":[71],"tested":[74],"multiple":[76,184],"analysis":[77],"of":[78,100,109,143,154,212,232,248,262],"covariance":[79],"(ANCOVA)":[80],"gender":[85,196,201],"as":[86,95],"factors":[87],"age,":[89],"neuroleptic":[90,152,227,237,263,267],"dose,":[91],"caffeine":[93],"consumption":[94],"covariates.":[96],"RESULTS:":[97],"Seventy-four":[98],"percent":[99],"patients":[101],"current":[103,118],"reported":[106],"mean":[108,151],"19":[110],"cigarettes":[111],"smoked":[112],"per":[113],"day.":[114],"Compared":[115],"nonsmokers,":[117],"significantly":[121,169,225],"more":[122,173],"likely":[123],"be":[125,128,258],"men,":[126],"younger,":[129],"have":[132],"had":[133,176],"an":[134],"earlier":[135],"age":[136],"at":[137],"onset":[138],"greater":[141],"number":[142],"previous":[144],"hospitalizations.":[145],"received":[150],"doses":[153],"1160":[155],"542":[157],"mg/day":[158],"(chlorpromazine":[159],"equivalents);":[160],"difference":[162],"significant.":[164],"also":[167,241],"displayed":[168],"less":[170],"parkinsonism":[171],"akathisia":[174],"higher":[177,226],"total":[178],"scores":[179],"BPRS.":[182],"Overall":[183],"ANCOVA":[185],"demonstrated":[186,207],"significant":[188,209,244,254],"main":[189,210],"effect":[190,211],"but":[194],"not":[195],"or":[197],"interaction":[199],"status.":[204],"Univariate":[205],"ANCOVAs":[206],"only":[215],"score.":[220],"CONCLUSIONS:":[221],"Cigarette":[222],"receive":[224],"doses,":[228],"part":[230],"because":[231],"smoking-induced":[234],"increase":[235],"metabolism.":[238],"Smoking":[239,250],"is":[240,252],"associated":[242],"reduction":[245],"levels":[247],"parkinsonism.":[249],"factor":[255],"that":[256],"should":[257],"considered":[259],"assessment":[261],"dose":[264],"requirements":[265],"side":[268],"effects.":[269]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":31}],"updated_date":"2026-11-09T13:22:03.289127","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
