{"id":"https://openalex.org/W177564922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cdr.1978.0018","title":"Why Do the Shepherds Prophesy?","display_name":"Why Do the Shepherds Prophesy?","publication_year":1978,"publication_date":"1978-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W177564922","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cdr.1978.0018","mag":"177564922"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/cdr.1978.0018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cdr.1978.0018","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cdr.1978.0018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S163961150","display_name":"Comparative drama","issn_l":"0010-4078","issn":["0010-4078","1936-1637"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315973","host_organization_name":"Western Michigan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315973"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Western Michigan University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Comparative Drama","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047170451","display_name":"Thomas P. Campbell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Thomas P. Campbell","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047170451"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.029624,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"2","first_page":"137","last_page":"150"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10595","display_name":"Medieval Literature and History","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1205","display_name":"Classics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10595","display_name":"Medieval Literature and History","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1205","display_name":"Classics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13167","display_name":"Historical, Literary, and Cultural Studies","score":0.010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1205","display_name":"Classics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14469","display_name":"Renaissance Literature and Culture","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1205","display_name":"Classics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/old-testament-prophecy","display_name":"Old Testament prophecy","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/christmas-plays","display_name":"Christmas plays","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medieval-english-drama","display_name":"medieval English drama","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/king-david","display_name":"David","score":0.4169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virgin-mary","display_name":"Virgin Mary","score":0.37299999594688416}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781008207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7318107","display_name":"Reverence","level":2,"score":0.6620907783508301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529099274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1004","display_name":"Comics","level":2,"score":0.5974911451339722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523419034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25372","display_name":"Drama","level":2,"score":0.5954174399375916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.5875608921051025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777222677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2514663","display_name":"Worship","level":2,"score":0.5572835206985474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.49511638283729553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.44571518898010254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q595377","display_name":"Witch","level":2,"score":0.42016690969467163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.3701844811439514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.2522507309913635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.2352047860622406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1353/cdr.1978.0018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cdr.1978.0018","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/cdr.1978.0018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S163961150","display_name":"Comparative drama","issn_l":"0010-4078","issn":["0010-4078","1936-1637"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315973","host_organization_name":"Western Michigan University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315973"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Western Michigan University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Comparative Drama","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/662141","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/article/662141","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W74013891","https://openalex.org/W168872568","https://openalex.org/W595952476","https://openalex.org/W1498642788","https://openalex.org/W1508724020","https://openalex.org/W1592840566","https://openalex.org/W1601938470","https://openalex.org/W1999795308","https://openalex.org/W2007286737","https://openalex.org/W2020248778","https://openalex.org/W2025129287","https://openalex.org/W2055949609","https://openalex.org/W2069370547","https://openalex.org/W2090034882","https://openalex.org/W2128801089","https://openalex.org/W2297741988","https://openalex.org/W2317634074","https://openalex.org/W2321368448","https://openalex.org/W2321675728","https://openalex.org/W2324555567","https://openalex.org/W2327638863","https://openalex.org/W2796909782"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2565757062","https://openalex.org/W2315837223","https://openalex.org/W3042718303","https://openalex.org/W2137545653","https://openalex.org/W3093536269","https://openalex.org/W2484589805","https://openalex.org/W2041037559","https://openalex.org/W2317634074","https://openalex.org/W2499605213","https://openalex.org/W168872568"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Why":[0,277],"Do":[1],"the":[2,15,19,28,34,38,52,56,60,64,78,86,91,94,104,108,130,134,137,142,189,192,207,224,281,284,292,295,307,312,315,325,328,334,342,347,351,375,379,386,393,406,410,413,433,437,447,476,502,510,519,528,543,565,569,581,591,596,603,616,628,635,646,649,656,677,682],"Shepherds":[3],"Prophesy?":[4],"Thomas":[5],"P.":[6],"Campbell":[7],"The":[8,154,289,317,427,685],"Wakefield":[9,109,143],"Secunda":[10,352],"Pastorum,":[11],"by":[12,42,165,188,206,223,240,303,311],"all":[13,358],"means":[14],"bestknown":[16],"pageant":[17],"in":[18,58,93,120,177,242,355,392,405,446,456,551,558,590,602],"Middle":[20],"English":[21,360,617,687],"Mystery":[22],"Cycles,":[23],"has":[24,73,126,298],"drawn":[25],"much":[26,69],"commentary,":[27],"majority":[29],"of":[30,55,70,90,96,139,191,283,306,314,327,337,341,346,378,416,440,467,509,568,583,600,615,651,659,681],"it":[31,201,369,460,556,663],"directed":[32],"toward":[33],"con\u00ad":[35],"trast":[36],"between":[37,80,488],"humorous":[39],"mock-nativity":[40,293],"staged":[41],"Mak":[43,159],"and":[44,51,85,152,185,231,233,248,310,464,478,490,522,598,631,653,679],"Gill":[45],"to":[46,102,148,199,215,250,294,320,374,400,452,517,540,594,627,675],"conceal":[47],"their":[48,183],"stolen":[49],"sheep":[50],"pious":[53],"conclusion":[54],"play":[57,122,285],"which":[59,107,123,133,350,430],"shepherds":[61,92,135,156,387,411,503,652],"reverently":[62],"worship":[63],"Christchild":[65],"at":[66,132,286],"Bethlehem.1":[67],"Yet,":[68,383],"this":[71,81,121,168,287,423,669],"commentary":[72],"led":[74],"us":[75,625],"away":[76],"from":[77,182,259,291,632,655],"connections":[79],"superbly":[82],"comic":[83],"piece":[84],"many":[87],"other":[88],"depictions":[89],"history":[95,658],"medieval":[97,359,604,636,660,686],"drama.":[98,492,661],"If":[99],"we":[100,113,563],"are":[101,186,204,507,530],"understand":[103],"traditions":[105],"under":[106],"Master":[110,144],"is":[111,145,271,344,425,473,537,573,575,587,664,671],"writing,":[112],"must":[114],"examine":[115],"more":[116,496],"carefully":[117],"a":[118,243,268,304,402,462,484,576,611],"moment":[119],"as":[124,365,542],"yet":[125],"received":[127],"little":[128],"attention:":[129],"point":[131,641],"prophesy":[136,504],"birth":[138],"Christ.":[140],"Typically,":[141],"able":[146],"simultaneously":[147],"communicate":[149],"both":[150,302,584],"humor":[151],"reverence.":[153],"three":[155],"have":[157,499],"caught":[158],"red-handed.":[160],"Realizing":[161],"that":[162,270,432,444,459,501,548,640,668],"they":[163,173,506,514],"could":[164],"right":[166],"hang":[167],"criminal":[169],"for":[170,648],"his":[171],"robbery,":[172],"charitably":[174],"\u201ccast":[175],"hym":[176],"canvas.\u201d":[178],"They":[179,197,389],"fall":[180],"asleep":[181],"exertions,":[184],"awakened":[187],"song":[190],"angel":[193],"announcing":[194],"Christ\u2019s":[195],"birth.":[196],"begin":[198,609],"imitate":[200],"haltingly,":[202],"but":[203,620],"interrupted":[205],"second":[208],"shep\u00ad":[209,361],"herd,":[210],"Gyb,":[211],"who":[212],"suddenly":[213],"begins":[214],"cite":[216],"Old":[217,338,417,520],"Testament":[218,339,418,521,524],"pro\u00ad":[219],"phecies:":[220],"We":[221,607],"fynde":[222],"prophecy\u2014let":[225],"be":[226,321,371,401],"youre":[227],"dyn!\u2014":[228],"Of":[229],"Dauid":[230],"Isay":[232,262],"mo":[234],"then":[235],"I":[236,366,642],"myn\u2014":[237],"Thay":[238],"prophecyed":[239],"clergy\u2014that":[241],"vyrgyn":[244],"Shuld":[245],"he":[246,279],"lyght":[247],"ly,":[249],"slokyn":[251],"oure":[252],"syn,":[253],"And":[254],"slake":[255],"it,":[256],"Oure":[257],"kynde,":[258],"wo;":[260],"For":[261,662],"sayd":[263],"so:":[264],"Ecce":[265],"virgo":[266],"Concipiet":[267],"chylde":[269],"nakyd.2":[272],"137":[273],"138":[274],"Comparative":[275],"Drama":[276],"should":[278,385],"interrupt":[280],"action":[282],"point?":[288],"transition":[290],"real":[296],"one":[297,345],"already":[299],"been":[300],"accomplished":[301],"demonstration":[305],"shepherds\u2019":[308,335,605],"charity":[309],"announcement":[313],"angel.":[316],"prophecies":[318,340],"seem":[319,399],"an":[322,468,672],"intrusion":[323],"into":[324,634],"form":[326],"play.":[329],"In":[330,493],"fact,":[331],"how\u00ad":[332],"ever,":[333],"recognition":[336],"Savior":[343],"few":[348,479],"elements":[349],"Pastorum":[353],"shares":[354],"common":[356],"with":[357,412,610],"herds\u2019":[362],"plays;":[363,458,619],"and,":[364],"shall":[367,643],"argue,":[368],"may":[370],"traced":[372],"back":[373,626],"very":[376],"roots":[377],"Christmas":[380,683],"drama":[381],"itself.":[382,638],"why":[384],"prophesy?":[388],"do":[390],"not":[391,538],"scriptural":[394],"source.":[395],"Nor":[396],"does":[397],"there":[398,633],"firm":[403],"tradition":[404],"exegetical":[407],"literature":[408],"linking":[409],"recita\u00ad":[414],"tion":[415,516,667],"prophecies.3":[419],"Scholarly":[420],"opinion":[421],"on":[422,475],"topic":[424],"divided.":[426],"standard":[428],"view,":[429],"held":[431],"mystery":[434],"cycles":[435],"were":[436],"linear":[438,486],"outgrowths":[439],"liturgical":[441,457,489,559,629],"drama,":[442,630],"maintained":[443],"prophecy":[445,549,601,654],"shepherd":[448],"plays":[449,553],"was":[450,461],"attributable":[451],"its":[453,494],"pre\u00ad":[454],"sence":[455],"logical":[463],"evolutionary":[465,544],"expansion":[466],"established":[469],"tradition.4":[470],"This":[471],"view":[472],"now":[474],"wane,":[477],"modem":[480,570],"scholars":[481],"would":[482],"assume":[483],"direct,":[485],"relationship":[487],"secular":[491],"place,":[495],"recent":[497],"theorists":[498],"argued":[500],"because":[505,513,527,555],"antetypes":[508],"clergy;":[511],"or":[512,526],"func\u00ad":[515],"tie":[518],"New":[523],"together;":[525],"playwrights":[529],"drawing":[531,579],"upon":[532,580],"conventional":[533],"folk":[534],"wisdom.5":[535],"It":[536,586],"enough":[539],"maintain,":[541],"cri\u00ad":[545],"tics":[546],"held,":[547],"occurs":[550],"these":[552],"simply":[554],"appears":[557],"drama;":[560],"nor":[561],"can":[562],"synthesize":[564],"varying":[566],"theories":[567],"organicists.":[571],"What":[572],"needed":[574],"new":[577],"attempt,":[578],"insights":[582],"schools.":[585],"my":[588,665],"purpose":[589],"following":[592],"paper":[593],"trace":[595],"function":[597],"meaning":[599,680],"plays.":[606,684],"will":[608,623],"brief":[612],"literary":[613],"analysis":[614],"cycle":[618],"our":[621],"study":[622],"take":[624],"liturgy":[637],"At":[639],"ex\u00ad":[644],"amine":[645],"reasons":[647],"association":[650,670],"earliest":[657],"conten\u00ad":[666],"important":[673],"key":[674],"understanding":[676],"origin":[678],"playwrights...":[688]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}