{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1771316","doi":null,"title":"THE VOCALIZATION OF /L/ IN PHILADELPHIA","display_name":"THE VOCALIZATION OF /L/ IN PHILADELPHIA","publication_year":1982,"publication_date":"1982-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1771316","mag":"1771316"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.upenn.edu:dissertations-5075","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8217077","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196331","display_name":"Scholarly Commons (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Dissertations available from ProQuest","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090135724","display_name":"Sharon Ash","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6656-1842","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6656-1842"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sharon Ash","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6656-1842","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090135724"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11640","display_name":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11640","display_name":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.01600000075995922,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12768","display_name":"Linguistics and language evolution","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquid-consonants","display_name":"liquid consonants","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/articulatory-variation","display_name":"articulatory variation","score":0.3889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-stratification","display_name":"social stratification","score":0.4090000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stigmatization","display_name":"stigmatization","score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonological-innovation","display_name":"phonological innovation","score":0.46700000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociolinguistic-variation","display_name":"sociolinguistic variation","score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phonetic-variation","display_name":"phonetic variation","score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociolinguistic-change","display_name":"sociolinguistic change","score":0.4009999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/american-english","display_name":"American English","score":0.3330000042915344}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.35135042667388916}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.upenn.edu:dissertations-5075","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/dissertations/AAI8217077","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196331","display_name":"Scholarly Commons (University of Pennsylvania)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","host_organization_name":"University of Pennsylvania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Dissertations available from ProQuest","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:1771316","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5075&context=dissertations","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3000523341","https://openalex.org/W101146857","https://openalex.org/W120813581","https://openalex.org/W1978712541","https://openalex.org/W581438340","https://openalex.org/W7096646203","https://openalex.org/W7108329977","https://openalex.org/W2075027230","https://openalex.org/W27202695","https://openalex.org/W7120367519"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,59,140,247,281,306,379,454],"vocalization":[1],"of":[2,8,19,39,56,61,136,147,157,177,182,188,214,232,249,278,284,297,312,347,357,360,381,390,402,428,450,457],"/l/":[3,81,259,328,349,362,459],"results":[4,380],"from":[5,144,293,344,369,372],"the":[6,11,14,17,20,69,78,117,131,166,173,183,209,212,220,227,243,250,269,279,285,288,294,322,334,345,358,376,391,398,421,437,463],"loss":[7],"contact":[9],"between":[10],"tongue":[12],"and":[13,43,46,89,103,105,110,119,127,152,159,163,198,225,236,257,352,409,430,443],"palate":[15],"in":[16,36,41,52,63,67,74,77,96,101,108,125,138,165,172,216,219,229,265,268,274,304,317,350,452,462],"articulation":[18],"liquid,":[21],"which":[22,122],"produces":[23],"a":[24,37,53,155,310,341,425],"glide":[25],"that":[26,68,315,333,385],"is":[27,34,65,133,262,319,329,339],"acoustically":[28],"similar":[29],"to":[30,115,128,207,238,326],"{u}.":[31],"This":[32,84,112],"phenomenon":[33],"documented":[35],"number":[38],"languages":[40],"word-final":[42],"syllable-final":[44,90],"position,":[45,91],"it":[47,272,331,417,431,451],"has":[48,405,418,432],"also":[49,93,364],"been":[50],"reported":[51],"few":[54],"dialects":[55],"American":[57],"English.":[58],"case":[60],"/l/-vocalization":[62,124,261,316,386],"Philadelphia":[64,126,150,318,396],"unusual":[66],"vocalized":[70,327,348,361,458],"variant":[71],"occurs":[72,273],"variably":[73],"every":[75],"position":[76,218],"word":[79,221],"where":[80],"can":[82],"occur.":[83],"includes":[85],"not":[86,170],"only":[87],"word-":[88,104],"but":[92],"intervocalic,":[94],"as":[95,100,107,397,413,415],"\"really,\"":[97],"syllable-initial":[98],"clusters,":[99],"\"play,\"":[102],"syllable-initial,":[106],"\"like\"":[109],"\"quickly.\"":[111],"study":[113,383],"attempts":[114],"clarify":[116],"linguistic":[118,194,282],"social":[120,200,307],"factors":[121],"condition":[123],"determine":[129,239],"whether":[130,240],"variation":[132,286],"showing":[134],"evidence":[135,449],"change":[137],"progress.":[139],"data":[141,368],"were":[142,169,185,190,222,234],"collected":[143],"tape-recorded":[145,370],"interviews":[146,371],"54":[148],"native":[149],"men":[151],"women":[153],"representing":[154],"range":[156],"ethnic":[158],"socioeconomic":[160],"groups,":[161],"ages,":[162],"neighborhoods":[164],"city.":[167],"(Blacks":[168],"included":[171],"study.)":[174],"A":[175,355],"total":[176],"more":[178],"than":[179],"23,000":[180],"occurrences":[181,213],"variable":[184],"collected.":[186],"Most":[187],"these":[189,266],"coded":[191],"for":[192,287],"seven":[193],"factors,":[195],"speaking":[196],"style,":[197],"five":[199],"factors.":[201,299],"Multivariable":[202],"analysis":[203,251],"(VARBRUL2)":[204],"was":[205,252,363,387,447,460],"used":[206],"analyze":[208],"data.":[210],"Initially":[211],"(l)":[215],"each":[217],"analyzed":[223],"separately,":[224],"later":[226],"tokens":[228],"certain":[230],"pairs":[231],"environments":[233,276],"merged":[235],"reanalyzed":[237],"they":[241],"behaved":[242],"same":[244],"or":[245],"differently.":[246],"bulk":[248],"performed":[253],"on":[254],"postvocalic":[255],"final":[256,351],"intervocalic":[258,353],"since":[260],"most":[263,289,399],"frequent":[264],"positions:":[267],"present":[270],"sample,":[271],"both":[275],"19%":[277],"time.":[280],"conditioning":[283],"part":[290],"follows":[291],"straightforwardly":[292],"predicted":[295],"effects":[296],"articulatory":[298],"Some":[300],"exceptions":[301],"are":[302],"examined":[303],"detail.":[305],"distribution":[308],"shows":[309],"pattern":[311],"interaction":[313],"indicating":[314],"receding.":[320],"Although":[321],"overt":[323],"stigmatization":[324],"attached":[325],"minimal,":[330],"appears":[332],"upper":[335],"working/lower":[336],"middle":[337],"class":[338],"leading":[340],"movement":[342],"away":[343],"use":[346,359],"positions.":[354],"survey":[356],"carried":[365],"out":[366],"using":[367],"communities":[373],"all":[374],"over":[375],"United":[377],"States.":[378],"this":[382,411],"suggest":[384],"an":[388],"innovation":[389],"Midland":[392],"dialect":[393],"region,":[394],"with":[395],"likely":[400],"point":[401],"origin.":[403],"It":[404],"spread":[406],"west":[407],"through":[408],"beyond":[410],"area,":[412],"far":[414],"California;":[416],"moved":[419],"up":[420],"East":[422],"Coast":[423],"at":[424],"low":[426],"level":[427],"frequency;":[429],"made":[433],"some":[434],"inroads":[435],"into":[436],"northern":[438],"cities,":[439],"including":[440],"Rochester,":[441],"Cleveland,":[442],"Detroit,":[444],"though":[445],"there":[446],"no":[448],"Chicago.":[453],"least":[455],"amount":[456],"found":[461],"South.":[464]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
