{"id":"https://openalex.org/W176986111","doi":null,"title":"Medical education and medical licencing in Lower Canada.","display_name":"Medical education and medical licencing in Lower Canada.","publication_year":1981,"publication_date":"1981-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W176986111","mag":"176986111","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11633190"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:11633190","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11633190","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Histoire sociale. Social history","raw_type":"Historical Article"},"volume":null,"type":"other","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058403637","display_name":"Barbara Tunis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"B Tunis","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058403637"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"27","first_page":"67","last_page":"91"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.5976999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14475","display_name":"History of Science and Medicine","score":0.5976999998092651,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1207","display_name":"History and Philosophy of Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12990","display_name":"Medical History and Innovations","score":0.20839999616146088,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13735","display_name":"History of Medical Practice","score":0.05420000106096268,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-education","display_name":"medical education","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-licensure","display_name":"medical licensing","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lower-canada","display_name":"Lower Canada","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-surgeons","display_name":"military surgeons","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/professional-status","display_name":"professional status","score":0.5170000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-legislation","display_name":"medical legislation","score":0.3569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/professionalization-of-medicine","display_name":"professionalization of medicine","score":0.38199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apprenticeship","display_name":"apprenticeship","score":0.42500001192092896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.7550164461135864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15708023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80083","display_name":"Humanities","level":1,"score":0.6145089864730835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2549261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43455","display_name":"Ethnology","level":1,"score":0.5136584639549255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.26926273107528687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.14354538917541504}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002170","descriptor_name":"Canada","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004501","descriptor_name":"Education, Medical","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008004","descriptor_name":"Licensure","qualifier_ui":"Q000266","qualifier_name":"history","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D049711","descriptor_name":"History, Modern 1601-","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:11633190","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11633190","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Histoire sociale. Social history","raw_type":"Historical Article"},{"id":"mag:176986111","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hssh.journals.yorku.ca/index.php/hssh/article/download/37973/34434","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S179765101","display_name":"Histoire sociale","issn_l":"0018-2257","issn":["0018-2257","1918-6576"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","jufo-2","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320517","host_organization_name":"University of Toronto Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320517","https://openalex.org/P4310313000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of Toronto Press","University of Toronto"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Histoire sociale","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:2407938579","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11633190","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.5676000118255615,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2921486553","https://openalex.org/W2316446095","https://openalex.org/W1606764471","https://openalex.org/W7058182734","https://openalex.org/W2053572904","https://openalex.org/W7039614532","https://openalex.org/W2523637222","https://openalex.org/W7001651363","https://openalex.org/W1518401213","https://openalex.org/W606610279"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Entre":[0],"1815":[1],"et":[2,18,21,67,98,123,147],"1831":[3,168],"la":[4,28,58,101,142,163],"profession":[5,164],"medicale":[6],"se":[7,92],"partageait":[8],"en":[9,36,55,114,167],"deux":[10,130],"groupes,":[11,131],"distincts":[12],"sur":[13],"les":[14,41,95,104,108,117,126,129,137],"plans":[15],"ethnique,":[16],"social":[17,66],"politique,":[19],"l\u2019un":[20],"l\u2019autre":[22],"cherchant":[23],"a":[24,27,79,84,148,154],"controler":[25],"l\u2019acces":[26],"pratique.":[29],"Une":[30,159],"couche":[31],"nouvelle":[32,160],"de":[33,47,57,60,64,68,81,112,139,176],"medecins":[34],"autochtones,":[35],"majorite":[37],"canadiens-francais,":[38],"s\u2019eleva":[39],"contre":[40],"jurys":[42],"d\u2019examen":[43],"composes":[44],"avant":[45],"tout":[46],"chirurgiens":[48],"militaires":[49],"britanniques":[50,97],"nommes":[51],"par":[52,136],"le":[53,152],"gouverneur":[54],"vertu":[56],"loi":[59,161],"1788.":[61],"A":[62],"l\u2019affut":[63],"statut":[65],"reconnaissance":[69],"professionnelle,":[70],"ces":[71],"nouveaux":[72],"membres":[73],"des":[74,89,155],"professions":[75],"liberales":[76],"eurent":[77],"recours":[78],"l\u2019influence":[80],"leurs":[82],"representants":[83],"l\u2019Assemblee":[85],"legislative.":[86],"Apres":[87],"1815,":[88],"changements":[90],"rapides":[91],"produisirent":[93],":":[94],"docteurs":[96],"anglophones":[99],"dominerent":[100],"pratique":[102],"dans":[103,116,141],"villes,":[105],"tandis":[106],"que":[107,150],"Canadiens":[109],"francais":[110],"exercerent":[111],"plus":[113,115,157],"campagnes.":[118],"De":[119],"telles":[120],"disparites":[121],"socio-economiques":[122],"professionnelles":[124],"accentuerent":[125],"tensions":[127],"entre":[128],"qui":[132],"furent":[133],"encore":[134],"renforcees":[135],"differences":[138],"niveau":[140],"formation":[143],"medicale,":[144],"au":[145],"fur":[146],"mesure":[149],"l\u2019apprentissage":[151],"cedait":[153],"etudes":[156],"formelles.":[158],"regissant":[162],"fut":[165],"votee":[166],"mais":[169],"elle":[170],"ne":[171],"survecut":[172],"pas":[173],"aux":[174],"evenements":[175],"1837-1838.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}