{"id":"https://openalex.org/W176883899","doi":null,"title":"Evaluation of financial incentives as a quality improvement strategy in the public hospital context : clinician attitudes, design variables, and economic costs","display_name":"Evaluation of financial incentives as a quality improvement strategy in the public hospital context : clinician attitudes, design variables, and economic costs","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W176883899","mag":"176883899"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:176883899","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.qut.edu.au/42427/1/Alexis_Stockwell_Thesis_.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306510307","display_name":"Faculty of Health","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty of Health","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065635475","display_name":"Alexis Stockwell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alexis Stockwell","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065635475"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11590","display_name":"Primary Care and Health Outcomes","score":0.9380000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2714","display_name":"Family Practice"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11590","display_name":"Primary Care and Health Outcomes","score":0.9380000233650208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2714","display_name":"Family Practice"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12871","display_name":"Healthcare Quality and Management","score":0.04100000113248825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.005799999926239252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pay-for-performance","display_name":"performance-based pay","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-incentives","display_name":"financial incentives","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-improvement","display_name":"quality improvement","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-hospitals","display_name":"public hospitals","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-professionals-attitudes","display_name":"clinician attitudes","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/casemix-funding","display_name":"casemix funding","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-based-funding","display_name":"performance-based funding","score":0.5329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-indicators","display_name":"clinical indicators","score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-process-control","display_name":"statistical process control","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-cost-analysis","display_name":"economic cost analysis","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-health-services","display_name":"mental health services","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discharge-medication","display_name":"discharge medication","score":0.7590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergency-department","display_name":"emergency department","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease","display_name":"chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stroke","display_name":"stroke","score":0.9290000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/queensland-health","display_name":"Queensland Health","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-reform","display_name":"health care reform","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implementation-evaluation","display_name":"implementation evaluation","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complementarity-analysis","display_name":"complementarity analysis","score":0.5350000262260437}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.5569286346435547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776204158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7156607","display_name":"Pay for performance","level":3,"score":0.5247247815132141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5142080783843994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5130656957626343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.49688223004341125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.4658162593841553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294217","display_name":"Public sector","level":2,"score":0.42334675788879395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3527069687843323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3220171332359314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.3042891323566437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.24589726328849792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.1588347852230072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.15205806493759155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10712215304374695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:176883899","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.qut.edu.au/42427/1/Alexis_Stockwell_Thesis_.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306510307","display_name":"Faculty of Health","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty of Health","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9391000270843506,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":112,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W52518237","https://openalex.org/W70273200","https://openalex.org/W135150935","https://openalex.org/W144006372","https://openalex.org/W155845358","https://openalex.org/W161415638","https://openalex.org/W161644403","https://openalex.org/W162835574","https://openalex.org/W248419872","https://openalex.org/W297846491","https://openalex.org/W369935818","https://openalex.org/W584839592","https://openalex.org/W957293878","https://openalex.org/W1489240424","https://openalex.org/W1495915475","https://openalex.org/W1541375764","https://openalex.org/W1556578540","https://openalex.org/W1578935983","https://openalex.org/W1595046345","https://openalex.org/W1596637567","https://openalex.org/W1597435973","https://openalex.org/W1902439135","https://openalex.org/W1915785788","https://openalex.org/W1970518419","https://openalex.org/W1974341112","https://openalex.org/W1978036628","https://openalex.org/W1979431113","https://openalex.org/W1986562881","https://openalex.org/W1986646649","https://openalex.org/W1987645697","https://openalex.org/W1987748642","https://openalex.org/W1990532954","https://openalex.org/W1991098208","https://openalex.org/W1992156125","https://openalex.org/W1995225436","https://openalex.org/W1995416328","https://openalex.org/W2001019471","https://openalex.org/W2004853130","https://openalex.org/W2006542983","https://openalex.org/W2007151454","https://openalex.org/W2008452960","https://openalex.org/W2012660619","https://openalex.org/W2015742898","https://openalex.org/W2022878945","https://openalex.org/W2024641550","https://openalex.org/W2025221741","https://openalex.org/W2025253724","https://openalex.org/W2029192477","https://openalex.org/W2029504673","https://openalex.org/W2031715799","https://openalex.org/W2038437907","https://openalex.org/W2039858666","https://openalex.org/W2048516807","https://openalex.org/W2049297495","https://openalex.org/W2050793331","https://openalex.org/W2057217513","https://openalex.org/W2059766986","https://openalex.org/W2065252449","https://openalex.org/W2070017399","https://openalex.org/W2070392792","https://openalex.org/W2077748588","https://openalex.org/W2078369370","https://openalex.org/W2086079017","https://openalex.org/W2090930494","https://openalex.org/W2091933111","https://openalex.org/W2093030710","https://openalex.org/W2100196999","https://openalex.org/W2101580060","https://openalex.org/W2102395490","https://openalex.org/W2111098388","https://openalex.org/W2113041460","https://openalex.org/W2116455243","https://openalex.org/W2117056479","https://openalex.org/W2121331837","https://openalex.org/W2124203762","https://openalex.org/W2129001931","https://openalex.org/W2132229959","https://openalex.org/W2133469585","https://openalex.org/W2136636673","https://openalex.org/W2137700181","https://openalex.org/W2138590476","https://openalex.org/W2151064621","https://openalex.org/W2153104143","https://openalex.org/W2155346648","https://openalex.org/W2155621305","https://openalex.org/W2158867569","https://openalex.org/W2158913908","https://openalex.org/W2163180962","https://openalex.org/W2166858912","https://openalex.org/W2167107962","https://openalex.org/W2171460040","https://openalex.org/W2200434047","https://openalex.org/W2262309301","https://openalex.org/W2281948170","https://openalex.org/W2292420857","https://openalex.org/W2316195477","https://openalex.org/W2395061151","https://openalex.org/W2408977433","https://openalex.org/W2409458716","https://openalex.org/W2414933804","https://openalex.org/W2419639396","https://openalex.org/W2420170735","https://openalex.org/W2533210972","https://openalex.org/W2547820768","https://openalex.org/W2551486737","https://openalex.org/W3014624914","https://openalex.org/W3121857298","https://openalex.org/W3122451583","https://openalex.org/W3132347552","https://openalex.org/W3141978889","https://openalex.org/W4211030614","https://openalex.org/W4249331667"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7099055966","https://openalex.org/W2416739285","https://openalex.org/W2617067446","https://openalex.org/W2151223734","https://openalex.org/W1994263927","https://openalex.org/W2480898013","https://openalex.org/W7070599880","https://openalex.org/W1994918772","https://openalex.org/W2266091684","https://openalex.org/W2140470578"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"2008,":[1],"a":[2,25,47,52,69,87,102,115,128,181,196,232,291,332,336,374,406,429,437,454,476,486,493,510,572,585,634,658,678,738,751,755],"three-year":[3],"pilot":[4],"\u2018pay":[5,529],"for":[6,421,436,442,530,650,683,693,734],"performance\u2019":[7,531],"(P4P)":[8,444],"program,":[9],"known":[10],"as":[11,86,405,500,562,642,653],"\u2018Clinical":[12],"Practice":[13],"Improvement":[14],"Payment\u2019":[15],"(CPIP)":[16],"was":[17,84,161,238,295,367,589,608,626],"introduced":[18],"into":[19,107,674],"Queensland":[20],"Health":[21],"(QHealth).":[22],"QHealth":[23,613,675],"is":[24,97,122,513,665],"large":[26,129],"public":[27,35,109],"health":[28,36,78,110,652],"sector":[29,111],"provider":[30],"of":[31,54,169,216,218,255,265,274,293,300,345,353,358,361,373,384,418,440,452,458,464,472,495,536,542,557,580,601,638,647,663,670,698,711,726,737,758],"acute,":[32],"community,":[33],"and":[34,120,132,141,156,199,202,235,246,253,263,267,271,302,304,331,390,392,461,466,470,503,523,533,551,555,559,577,616,680,688,696],"services":[37],"in":[38,63,112,124,191,382,414,433,596,610,686,714,741],"Queensland,":[39],"Australia.":[40],"The":[41,240,342,629],"organisation":[42,561],"has":[43,73,104,127,676,689,705,746],"recently":[44],"embarked":[45],"on":[46,117,574],"significant":[48,189,720],"reform":[49,67],"agenda":[50],"including":[51,145,166],"review":[53],"existing":[55],"funding":[56,71,80,539,614,625],"arrangements":[57],"(Duckett":[58],"et":[59],"al.,":[60],"2008).":[61],"Partly":[62],"response":[64],"to":[65,76,225,248,259,282,285,297,307,314,320,324,475,515,549,644,657,749,754],"this":[66,327,543],"agenda,":[68],"casemix":[70],"model":[72,631],"been":[74,105,677,690],"implemented":[75,106],"reconnect":[77],"care":[79],"with":[81,93,114,468,621],"outcomes.":[82],"CPIP":[83,136,159,220,343,363,423,570,664,672,728,744],"conceptualised":[85],"performance-based":[88],"scheme":[89,103,160,221,330,548,673,713,745],"that":[90,125,172,378,509,569,606,707,722],"rewarded":[91,609],"quality":[92,473,607,687,759],"financial":[94,270],"incentives.":[95],"This":[96,365,479,604,703],"the":[98,108,167,174,219,250,260,269,275,286,308,311,321,329,359,362,371,385,400,415,422,434,450,534,547,553,560,566,592,597,602,611,622,668,671,691,694,712,724,727,735,743,747],"first":[99,598],"time":[100,522],"such":[101,499],"Australia":[113],"focus":[116,131],"rewarding":[118],"quality,":[119],"it":[121,126],"unique":[123],"state-wide":[130],"includes":[133],"15":[134,599],"Districts.":[135],"initially":[137],"targeted":[138,213],"five":[139,582,593],"acute":[140],"community":[142],"clinical":[143,170,192,393,518,575,594,700],"areas":[144,595],"Mental":[146],"Health,":[147],"Discharge":[148],"Medication,":[149],"Emergency":[150],"Department,":[151],"Chronic":[152],"Obstructive":[153],"Pulmonary":[154],"Disease,":[155],"Stroke.":[157],"\r\nThe":[158],"designed":[162],"around":[163],"key":[164,278,287],"concepts":[165],"identification":[168,417,695],"indicators":[171,323,519,576],"met":[173],"set":[175],"criteria":[176],"of:":[177],"high":[178],"disease":[179],"burden,":[180],"well":[182],"defined":[183],"single":[184],"diagnostic":[185],"group":[186],"or":[187],"intervention,":[188],"variations":[190],"outcomes":[193],"and/or":[194],"practices,":[195],"good":[197],"evidence,":[198],"clinician":[200,349,732],"control":[201],"support":[203,733],"(Ward,":[204],"Daniels,":[205],"Walker":[206],"&":[207],"Duckett,":[208],"2007).":[209],"\r\nThis":[210],"evaluative":[211,425],"research":[212,241,244,288,426,567,704],"Phase":[214],"One":[215],"implementation":[217,563],"from":[222,584],"January":[223],"2008":[224],"March":[226],"2009.":[227],"A":[228],"formative":[229],"evaluation":[230],"utilising":[231],"mixed":[233],"methodology":[234,740],"complementarity":[236],"analysis":[237],"undertaken.":[239],"involved":[242],"three":[243],"questions":[245],"aimed":[247],"determine":[249,268],"knowledge,":[251],"understanding,":[252],"attitudes":[254,306,381],"clinicians;":[256],"identify":[257],"improvements":[258],"design,":[261],"administration,":[262],"monitoring":[264,471,697],"CPIP;":[266],"economic":[272,338,630],"costs":[273],"scheme.":[276,309,364,603],"\r\n\r\n\r\nThree":[277],"studies":[279],"were":[280,356],"undertaken":[281,296],"ascertain":[283],"responses":[284],"questions.":[289],"Firstly,":[290],"survey":[292,377],"clinicians":[294,346,558,685,708],"examine":[298],"levels":[299,463],"knowledge":[301],"understanding":[303,391],"their":[305],"Secondly,":[310],"study":[312,334,427,662],"sought":[313],"apply":[315],"Statistical":[316],"Process":[317],"Control":[318],"(SPC)":[319],"process":[322,512,701],"assess":[325],"if":[326],"enhanced":[328],"third":[333],"examined":[335],"simple":[337],"cost":[339,637,660],"analysis.":[340],"Survey":[344],"elicited":[347],"192":[348],"respondents.":[350],"Over":[351],"70%":[352],"these":[354],"respondents":[355],"supportive":[357,710],"continuation":[360],"finding":[366],"also":[368],"supported":[369],"by":[370,485],"results":[372],"quantitative":[375],"altitude":[376],"identified":[379,431,568,620,633],"positive":[380,398,679],"6":[383],"7":[386],"domains-including":[387],"impact,":[388],"awareness":[389],"relevance,":[394],"all":[395],"being":[396,619],"scored":[397],"across":[399,591],"combined":[401],"respondent":[402],"group.":[403],"SPC":[404],"trending":[407],"tool":[408],"may":[409],"play":[410],"an":[411,537,654],"important":[412],"role":[413],"early":[416],"indicator":[419,501],"weakness":[420],"scheme.\r\nThis":[424],"supports":[428],"previously":[430],"need":[432],"literature":[435],"phased":[438,477],"introduction":[439,669],"Pay":[441],"Performance":[443],"type":[445],"programs.":[446],"It":[447,506],"further":[448],"highlights":[449],"value":[451],"undertaking":[453],"formal":[455],"risk":[456],"assessment":[457],"clinician,":[459],"management,":[460],"systemic":[462],"literacy":[465,554],"competency":[467,556],"measurement":[469],"prior":[474],"implementation.":[478],"phasing":[480],"can":[481],"then":[482],"be":[483,750],"guided":[484],"P4P":[487],"Design":[488],"Variable":[489],"Matrix":[490],"which":[491],"provides":[492],"selection":[494],"program":[496],"design":[497],"options":[498],"target":[502],"payment":[504,623,729],"mechanisms.":[505],"became":[507],"evident":[508],"clear":[511],"required":[514],"standardise":[516],"how":[517],"evolve":[520],"over":[521,581,648],"direct":[524],"movement":[525],"towards":[526],"more":[527],"rigorous":[528],"targets":[532],"development":[535],"optimal":[538],"model.":[540],"Use":[541],"matrix":[544],"will":[545],"enable":[546],"mature":[550],"build":[552],"progresses.":[564],"Furthermore,":[565],"created":[571],"spotlight":[573],"incentive":[578],"payments":[579],"million":[583,588],"potential":[586,748],"ten":[587],"secured":[590,646],"months":[600],"indicates":[605],"new":[612],"model,":[615],"despite":[617],"issues":[618],"mechanism,":[624],"distributed.":[627],"used":[632],"relative":[635],"low":[636],"reporting":[639],"(under":[640],"$8,000)":[641],"opposed":[643],"funds":[645],"$300,000":[649],"mental":[651],"example.":[655],"Movement":[656],"full":[659],"effectiveness":[661],"supported.":[666],"\r\nOverall":[667],"effective":[681],"strategy":[682],"engaging":[684],"catalyst":[692],"valuable":[699],"indicators.":[702],"highlighted":[706],"are":[709,718],"general;":[715],"however,":[716],"there":[717],"some":[719],"risks":[721],"include":[723],"functioning":[725],"mechanism.":[730],"Given":[731],"use":[736],"pay\u2013for-performance":[739],"QHealth,":[742],"powerful":[752],"addition":[753],"multi-faceted":[756],"suite":[757],"improvement":[760],"initiatives":[761],"within":[762],"QHealth.":[763]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
