{"id":"https://openalex.org/W176859940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.53228/njas.v10i2.580","title":"Firearms and Political Power: The Military Decline of the Turkana of Kenya 1900 - 2000","display_name":"Firearms and Political Power: The Military Decline of the Turkana of Kenya 1900 - 2000","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W176859940","doi":"https://doi.org/10.53228/njas.v10i2.580","mag":"176859940"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:njas.fi:article/580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.53228/njas.v10i2.580","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://njas.fi/njas/article/view/580","pdf_url":"https://njas.fi/njas/article/download/580/410","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S189387231","display_name":"Nordic journal of African studies","issn_l":"1235-4481","issn":["1235-4481","1459-9465"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ddh","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"10.53228/njas.v10i2","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://njas.fi/njas/article/download/580/410","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029827662","display_name":"Nene Mburu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nene Mburu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029827662"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.246,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84440945,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"2","first_page":"148","last_page":"162"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14395","display_name":"African history and culture studies","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14395","display_name":"African history and culture studies","score":0.9848999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13494","display_name":"Military History and Strategy","score":0.003599999938160181,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13162","display_name":"African Studies and Ethnography","score":0.003599999938160181,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turkana","display_name":"Turkana","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firearms","display_name":"firearms","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/british-colonial-rule","display_name":"British colonial rule","score":0.6840000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colonial-administration","display_name":"colonial administration","score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pastoralism","display_name":"pastoralism","score":0.34599998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethiopia","display_name":"Ethiopia","score":0.328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sudan","display_name":"Sudan","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kenya","display_name":"Kenya","score":0.32100000977516174}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C531593650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7167","display_name":"Colonialism","level":2,"score":0.6510648131370544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779602485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2901966","display_name":"Rivalry","level":2,"score":0.6262880563735962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.6216310858726501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780765947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12033531","display_name":"Administration (probate law)","level":2,"score":0.5966874361038208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780110125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207333","display_name":"Honour","level":2,"score":0.5276259779930115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5216572284698486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778358470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7897387","display_name":"Unrest","level":3,"score":0.5182909369468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779101304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1661443","display_name":"Indirect rule","level":3,"score":0.49121373891830444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780224667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2745341","display_name":"Impunity","level":3,"score":0.43595194816589355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17616946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9056738","display_name":"Pastoralism","level":3,"score":0.4323103129863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.36113500595092773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3598567843437195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.34200990200042725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3386196494102478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47768531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1127188","display_name":"Development economics","level":1,"score":0.3382837772369385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.30373966693878174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2931658923625946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112964050","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103459","display_name":"Livestock","level":2,"score":0.121143639087677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38112","display_name":"Forestry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:njas.fi:article/580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.53228/njas.v10i2.580","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://njas.fi/njas/article/view/580","pdf_url":"https://njas.fi/njas/article/download/580/410","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S189387231","display_name":"Nordic journal of African studies","issn_l":"1235-4481","issn":["1235-4481","1459-9465"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ddh","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"10.53228/njas.v10i2","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:42fa9d65b15c417390fa9881378604f9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.53228/njas.v10i2.580","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/42fa9d65b15c417390fa9881378604f9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Nordic Journal of African Studies, Vol 10, Iss 2 (2001)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"mag:176859940","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://www.njas.helsinki.fi/pdf-files/vol10num2/mburu.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S189387231","display_name":"Nordic journal of African studies","issn_l":"1235-4481","issn":["1235-4481","1459-9465"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ddh","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Nordic journal of African studies","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:njas.fi:article/580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.53228/njas.v10i2.580","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://njas.fi/njas/article/view/580","pdf_url":"https://njas.fi/njas/article/download/580/410","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S189387231","display_name":"Nordic journal of African studies","issn_l":"1235-4481","issn":["1235-4481","1459-9465"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","ddh","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"10.53228/njas.v10i2","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9595999717712402,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W176859940.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W176859940.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W27485761","https://openalex.org/W636441347","https://openalex.org/W1496244570","https://openalex.org/W1523154985","https://openalex.org/W1578999238","https://openalex.org/W1584302062","https://openalex.org/W1870011776","https://openalex.org/W2032818050","https://openalex.org/W2118083892","https://openalex.org/W2128648200"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095183625","https://openalex.org/W6894208443","https://openalex.org/W3040734890","https://openalex.org/W7164185111","https://openalex.org/W4415172606","https://openalex.org/W2286875259","https://openalex.org/W3181590030","https://openalex.org/W2328588680","https://openalex.org/W4388056940","https://openalex.org/W3008473374"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,93,140],"article":[1],"is":[2,161],"a":[3,38,82,87,101],"humble":[4],"contribution":[5],"to":[6,15,122,144,157],"our":[7],"understanding":[8],"of":[9,19,25,29,104,113,135],"traditional":[10],"African":[11],"militaries":[12],"by":[13,97],"trying":[14],"discern":[16],"the":[17,22,26,32,35,54,77,145,155,158],"significance":[18],"firearms":[20],"in":[21],"political-military":[23],"decline":[24],"Turkana":[27,36,159],"community":[28,94,160],"Kenya.":[30],"Before":[31],"nineteenth":[33],"century,":[34],"had":[37],"large":[39],"army":[40,58,80],"and":[41,64,71,100,109,124],"commanded":[42],"such":[43],"great":[44],"respect":[45],"among":[46,89],"their":[47,69,90,111,118],"pastoral":[48,62,119],"neighbours":[49,120],"that":[50,67,106],"they":[51,75,84,129],"always":[52],"provided":[53],"paramount":[55],"chief.":[56],"Their":[57],"was":[59,95],"tailored":[60],"for":[61],"raids":[63],"predatory":[65],"expansion":[66],"suited":[68],"social":[70],"physical":[72],"environment.":[73],"However":[74],"encountered":[76],"British":[78],"colonial":[79,98],"at":[81],"time":[83],"were":[85,130],"experiencing":[86],"rivalry":[88],"diviner-cum-military":[91],"leaders.":[92],"devastated":[96],"expeditions":[99],"repressive":[102],"system":[103],"administration":[105,134],"disarmed":[107],"them":[108],"curtailed":[110],"tradition":[112],"reciprocal":[114],"raids.":[115],"In":[116,148],"converse,":[117],"continued":[121,143],"arm":[123],"raid":[125],"with":[126,152],"impunity,":[127],"as":[128],"not":[131],"under":[132],"effective":[133],"either":[136],"Ethiopia":[137],"or":[138],"Sudan.":[139],"situation":[141],"has":[142],"present":[146],"day.":[147],"an":[149],"area":[150],"awash":[151],"automatic":[153],"weapons":[154],"disadvantage":[156],"clearly":[162],"conspicuous.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}