{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1765253116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.29-6563","title":"The constitutional logic of affirmative action","display_name":"The constitutional logic of affirmative action","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1765253116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.29-6563","mag":"1765253116"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5860/choice.29-6563","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.29-6563","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.29-6563","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764375719","display_name":"Choice Reviews Online","issn_l":"0009-4978","issn":["0009-4978","1523-8253","1943-5975"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316146","host_organization_name":"Association of College and Research Libraries","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316146","https://openalex.org/P4310315903"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association of College and Research Libraries","American Library Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Choice Reviews Online","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"book-review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"11","first_page":"29","last_page":"6563"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13170","display_name":"Discrimination and Equality Law","score":0.9423999786376953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13170","display_name":"Discrimination and Equality Law","score":0.9423999786376953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14288","display_name":"Law, Rights, and Freedoms","score":0.03460000082850456,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12332","display_name":"Comparative constitutional jurisprudence studies","score":0.006200000178068876,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/affirmative-action","display_name":"affirmative action","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constitutional-law","display_name":"constitutional law","score":0.7409999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributive-justice","display_name":"distributive justice","score":0.8230000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/compensatory-justice","display_name":"compensatory justice","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-quotas","display_name":"racial quotas","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reverse-discrimination","display_name":"reverse discrimination","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equal-protection","display_name":"equal protection","score":0.628000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regents-of-the-university-of-california-v-bakke","display_name":"Regents of the University of California v. Bakke","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-justice","display_name":"racial justice","score":0.7200000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777732099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214244","display_name":"Affirmative action","level":2,"score":0.8669925928115845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4845832586288452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.40003135800361633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3569429814815521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.34859275817871094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.18542921543121338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07671594619750977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5860/choice.29-6563","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.29-6563","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5860/choice.29-6563","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764375719","display_name":"Choice Reviews Online","issn_l":"0009-4978","issn":["0009-4978","1523-8253","1943-5975"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316146","host_organization_name":"Association of College and Research Libraries","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316146","https://openalex.org/P4310315903"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Association of College and Research Libraries","American Library Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Choice Reviews Online","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7578999996185303,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7297000288963318,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2907455779","https://openalex.org/W6989122151","https://openalex.org/W4300406415","https://openalex.org/W1595692057","https://openalex.org/W2542036905","https://openalex.org/W1491256860","https://openalex.org/W2159113465","https://openalex.org/W2036121896","https://openalex.org/W2729739363","https://openalex.org/W337817831"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Few":[0],"issues":[1],"are":[2],"as":[3,9,19,235,237],"mired":[4],"in":[5,33,77,108,140,155,168,170],"rhetoric":[6],"and":[7,50,65,72,93,189,210,232,240,249],"controversy":[8,36],"affirmative":[10,59,118,178,201,230],"action.":[11,119],"This":[12],"is":[13],"certainly":[14],"no":[15],"less":[16],"true":[17],"now":[18],"when":[20],"Ronald":[21],"J.":[22],"Fiscus's":[23,245],"The":[24,35,191],"Constitutional":[25,192],"Logic":[26,193],"of":[27,58,68,80,91,117,123,157,164,173,177,187,194],"Affirmative":[28,195],"Action":[29,196],"was":[30],"first":[31],"published":[32],"1992.":[34],"has,":[37],"perhaps,":[38],"become":[39],"more":[40],"charged":[41],"over":[42],"the":[43,63,78,81,99,103,152,162,171,174,185],"past":[44],"few":[45],"years.":[46],"With":[47],"this":[48,69,150],"compelling":[49],"rigorously":[51],"reasoned":[52],"argument":[53,246],"for":[54,105],"a":[55,86,121,131,141],"constitutional":[56,241],"rationale":[57],"action,":[60,231],"Fiscus":[61,96],"clarifies":[62],"moral":[64],"legal":[66,238],"ramifications":[67],"complex":[70],"subject":[71],"presents":[73],"an":[74,180,212],"important":[75],"view":[76],"context":[79],"ongoing":[82],"debate.":[83],"Beginning":[84],"with":[85,227],"distinction":[87],"drawn":[88],"between":[89],"principles":[90],"compensatory":[92],"distributive":[94,124],"justice,":[95,125,229],"argues":[97,154],"that":[98,127,147,219],"former,":[100],"although":[101],"often":[102],"basis":[104],"judgments":[106],"made":[107],"individual":[109],"discrimination":[166],"cases,":[111],"cannot":[112],"sufficiently":[113],"justify":[114],"broad":[115],"programs":[116],"Only":[120],"theory":[122],"one":[126],"assumes":[128],"minorities":[129],"have":[130,137],"right":[132],"to":[133,183,207],"what":[134],"they":[135],"would":[136],"gained":[138],"proportionally":[139],"nonracist":[142],"society,":[143],"can":[144],"persuasively":[145],"provide":[146],"justification.":[148],"On":[149],"basis,":[151],"author":[153],"favor":[156],"proportional":[158],"racial":[159,228],"quotas-and":[160],"challenges":[161],"charge":[163],"reverse":[165],"raised":[167],"protest":[169],"name":[172],"innocent":[175],"victims":[176],"action-as":[179],"action":[181,202],"necessary":[182],"approach":[184],"goals":[186],"fairness":[188],"equality.":[190],"focuses":[197],"on":[198],"Supreme":[199],"Court":[200],"rulings":[203],"from":[204],"Bakke":[205],"(1976)":[206],"Croson":[208],"(1989)":[209],"includes":[211],"epilogue":[213],"by":[214],"editor":[215],"Stephen":[216],"L.":[217],"Wasby":[218],"considers":[220],"developments":[221],"through":[222],"1995.":[223],"General":[224],"readers":[225],"concerned":[226],"public":[233],"policy,":[234],"well":[236],"specialists":[239],"scholars":[242],"will":[243],"find":[244],"passionate,":[247],"balanced,":[248],"persuasive.":[250]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}