{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1764928131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-015-0316-9","title":"Geochemistry and quality parameters of dug and tube well water of Khipro, District Sanghar, Sindh, Pakistan","display_name":"Geochemistry and quality parameters of dug and tube well water of Khipro, District Sanghar, Sindh, Pakistan","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-08-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1764928131","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-015-0316-9","mag":"1764928131"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13201-015-0316-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-015-0316-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-015-0316-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-015-0316-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764931087","display_name":"Applied Water Science","issn_l":"2190-5495","issn":["2190-5495","2190-5487"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Water Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-015-0316-9.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033437325","display_name":"Erum Bashir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8532-9697","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8532-9697"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193670377","display_name":"University of Karachi","ror":"https://ror.org/05bbbc791","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193670377"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Erum Bashir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geology, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan","Department of Geology University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geology, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193670377"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geology University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193670377"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045248753","display_name":"Syed Nawaz-ul Huda","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Syed Nawaz-ul Huda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dawn-GIS, Geospatial, Statistical Research & Analysis Division, Dawn Media Group, Karachi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dawn-GIS, Geospatial, Statistical Research & Analysis Division, Dawn Media Group, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003316065","display_name":"Shahid Naseem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7932-6403","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7932-6403"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193670377","display_name":"University of Karachi","ror":"https://ror.org/05bbbc791","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193670377"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahid Naseem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geology, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan","Department of Geology University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geology, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193670377"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geology University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193670377"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020839212","display_name":"Salma Hamza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2936-4097","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2936-4097"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193670377","display_name":"University of Karachi","ror":"https://ror.org/05bbbc791","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193670377"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salma Hamza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geology, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan","Department of Geology University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geology, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193670377"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geology University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193670377"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072173206","display_name":"Maria Kaleem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0693-697X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0693-697X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193670377","display_name":"University of Karachi","ror":"https://ror.org/05bbbc791","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193670377"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Kaleem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geology, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan","Department of Geology University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geology, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193670377"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geology University of Karachi Karachi Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193670377"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033437325"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193670377"],"apc_list":{"value":2490,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2490},"apc_paid":{"value":2490,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2490},"fwci":0.391,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64718807,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"4","first_page":"1645","last_page":"1655"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11634","display_name":"Water Quality and Pollution Assessment","score":0.9609000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11634","display_name":"Water Quality and Pollution Assessment","score":0.9609000086784363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12773","display_name":"Water Quality and Resources Studies","score":0.024800000712275505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10398","display_name":"Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry","score":0.012199999764561653,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1906","display_name":"Geochemistry and Petrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/groundwater-hydrochemistry","display_name":"hydrogeochemistry","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dug-well-water","display_name":"dug well water","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tube-well-water","display_name":"tube well water","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-quality","display_name":"water quality","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/major-ions","display_name":"major ions","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evaporation","display_name":"evaporation","score":0.5239999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ion-exchange","display_name":"ion exchange","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sodium-adsorption-ratio","display_name":"sodium adsorption ratio","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual-sodium-carbonate","display_name":"residual sodium carbonate","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-potability","display_name":"drinking water suitability","score":0.7020000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/irrigation-water-suitability","display_name":"irrigation water suitability","score":0.9440000057220459}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776332401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7553296","display_name":"Sodium adsorption ratio","level":4,"score":0.7651001214981079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5874037146568298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76177295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161598","display_name":"Groundwater","level":2,"score":0.5197353363037109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129513315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179615","display_name":"Salinity","level":2,"score":0.5018150806427002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781113784","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5314","display_name":"Halite","level":3,"score":0.4867129623889923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780797713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625376","display_name":"Water quality","level":2,"score":0.4858395755290985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778211487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426365","display_name":"Tube well","level":3,"score":0.4474419057369232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778657360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190227","display_name":"Sodium carbonate","level":3,"score":0.44692254066467285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88862950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11453","display_name":"Irrigation","level":2,"score":0.42438358068466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C537181965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q658","display_name":"Sodium","level":2,"score":0.4242766499519348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199289684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83353","display_name":"Mineralogy","level":1,"score":0.4089416265487671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.3306894302368164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107872376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321355","display_name":"Environmental chemistry","level":1,"score":0.26772981882095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.25461846590042114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.1604393720626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.11962056159973145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779229104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82658","display_name":"Gypsum","level":2,"score":0.10491335391998291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.09426915645599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.07640945911407471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152453397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746694","display_name":"Drip irrigation","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13201-015-0316-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-015-0316-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-015-0316-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-015-0316-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764931087","display_name":"Applied Water Science","issn_l":"2190-5495","issn":["2190-5495","2190-5487"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Water Science","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s13201-015-0316-9","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-015-0316-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-015-0316-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s13201-015-0316-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764931087","display_name":"Applied Water Science","issn_l":"2190-5495","issn":["2190-5495","2190-5487"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Water Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/6","display_name":"Clean water and sanitation","score":0.965499997138977}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310725","display_name":"University of Karachi","ror":"https://ror.org/05bbbc791"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1764928131.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1764928131.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W84654409","https://openalex.org/W580339029","https://openalex.org/W1503895429","https://openalex.org/W1518926927","https://openalex.org/W1544832159","https://openalex.org/W1586656024","https://openalex.org/W1594852590","https://openalex.org/W1607177946","https://openalex.org/W1710099847","https://openalex.org/W2008558681","https://openalex.org/W2033880818","https://openalex.org/W2038403526","https://openalex.org/W2054185858","https://openalex.org/W2059624207","https://openalex.org/W2071659472","https://openalex.org/W2077795175","https://openalex.org/W2081351574","https://openalex.org/W2101826267","https://openalex.org/W2105649569","https://openalex.org/W2108825008","https://openalex.org/W2123385325","https://openalex.org/W2125269908","https://openalex.org/W2138000517","https://openalex.org/W2139125481","https://openalex.org/W2147556469","https://openalex.org/W2169478851","https://openalex.org/W2169758842","https://openalex.org/W2180088221","https://openalex.org/W2187487045","https://openalex.org/W2256611342","https://openalex.org/W2345091720","https://openalex.org/W2992759638","https://openalex.org/W3198834466","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4205883889","https://openalex.org/W4285056141","https://openalex.org/W4310016178","https://openalex.org/W4384393090","https://openalex.org/W2790798749","https://openalex.org/W2470731218","https://openalex.org/W2962181556","https://openalex.org/W2019929602","https://openalex.org/W2539188024","https://openalex.org/W2724417618"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Thirty-nine":[0],"(23":[1],"dug":[2,52,70,96,133],"and":[3,11,30,40,58,117,135,143,149,156,187,200,205],"16":[4],"tube":[5,65,81,99,136],"well)":[6],"samples":[7,72,83,101],"were":[8,190],"geochemically":[9],"evaluated":[10],"investigated":[12],"to":[13,64,194],"ascertain":[14],"the":[15,153,212,224],"quality":[16],"of":[17,27,69,108,141,152,223],"water":[18,138,197],"in":[19,32,95],"Khipro,":[20],"Sindh.":[21],"The":[22],"analytical":[23],"results":[24],"exhibited":[25],"abundance":[26],"major":[28],"cations":[29],"anions":[31],"Na+":[33,114,204],">":[34,36,38,42,45],"Ca2+":[35,118],"Mg2+":[37,120],"K+":[39],"Cl\u2212":[41,116],"HCO3":[43,122,171],"\u2212":[44,123],"SO4":[46,125,169],"2\u2212":[47,126],"sequence.":[48],"Stiff":[49],"diagram":[50,79,88],"showed":[51],"well":[53,66,71,82,100,134,137],"sample":[54],"have":[55],"high":[56],"Na\u2013Cl":[57,75],"moderate":[59],"Mg\u2013SO4":[60],"content":[61],"as":[62,74,91],"compared":[63,191],"samples.":[67],"Majority":[68],"appeared":[73],"type":[76],"on":[77,147],"Piper":[78],"while":[80],"are":[84,102,210],"mixed":[85],"type.":[86],"Gibbs":[87],"reflected":[89],"evaporation":[90],"a":[92],"dominant":[93],"phenomenon":[94],"well;":[97],"however,":[98],"declined":[103],"toward":[104],"rock":[105],"dominance.":[106],"Process":[107],"ion":[109],"exchange":[110],"was":[111],"witnessed":[112],"from":[113],"versus":[115,121],"+":[119,124],"plots.":[127],"Principal":[128],"component":[129],"analysis":[130],"also":[131],"discriminates":[132],"by":[139,216],"means":[140],"positive":[142],"negative":[144],"loading":[145],"based":[146],"physical":[148],"chemical":[150,208],"composition":[151],"groundwater.":[154],"Studied":[155],"computed":[157],"parameters":[158],"like":[159],"pH,":[160],"EC,":[161],"TDS,":[162],"TH,":[163],"Na+,":[164],"K+,":[165,206],"Ca2+,":[166],"Mg2+,":[167],"Cl\u2212,":[168],"2\u2212,":[170],"\u2212,":[172],"sodium":[173,182],"adsorption":[174,177],"ratio,":[175,178,186],"magnesium":[176],"potential":[179],"salinity,":[180],"residual":[181],"carbonate,":[183],"Na%,":[184],"Kelly\u2019s":[185],"permeability":[188],"index":[189],"with":[192,232],"WHO":[193,217],"evaluate":[195],"studied":[196],"for":[198,218,229],"drinking":[199,219],"agricultural":[201],"purposes.":[202],"Except":[203],"all":[207],"constrains":[209],"within":[211],"allowed":[213],"limits,":[214],"set":[215],"water.":[220],"Similarly,":[221],"most":[222],"groundwater":[225],"is":[226],"moderately":[227],"suitable":[228],"irrigation":[230],"uses,":[231],"few":[233],"exceptions.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}