{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1761867724","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1785/bssa0580010399","title":"The frequency-magnitude relation of microfracturing in rock and its relation to earthquakes","display_name":"The frequency-magnitude relation of microfracturing in rock and its relation to earthquakes","publication_year":1968,"publication_date":"1968-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1761867724","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1785/bssa0580010399","mag":"1761867724"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1785/bssa0580010399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1785/bssa0580010399","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1785/bssa0580010399","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59098468","display_name":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","issn_l":"0037-1106","issn":["0037-1106","1943-3573"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316854","host_organization_name":"Seismological Society of America","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316854"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Seismological Society of America"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028587777","display_name":"Christopher H. Scholz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3509-8429","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3509-8429"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"C. H. Scholz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geology and Geophysics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geology and Geophysics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028587777"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.0309,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1793,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98468661,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"58","issue":"1","first_page":"399","last_page":"415"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10110","display_name":"earthquake and tectonic studies","score":0.9560999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10110","display_name":"earthquake and tectonic studies","score":0.9560999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1908","display_name":"Geophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10161","display_name":"Rock Mechanics and Modeling","score":0.0333000011742115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13619","display_name":"Geotechnical and Geomechanical Engineering","score":0.006599999964237213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microfracture","display_name":"microfracture","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-magnitude-relation","display_name":"frequency-magnitude relation","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gutenberg-richter-relation","display_name":"Gutenberg-Richter law","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rock-deformation","display_name":"rock deformation","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elastic-wave-radiation","display_name":"elastic wave radiation","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uniaxial-compression","display_name":"uniaxial compression","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triaxial-compression","display_name":"triaxial compression","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confining-pressure","display_name":"confining pressure","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stress-dependence","display_name":"stress dependence","score":0.7950000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/b-value","display_name":"b-value","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frictional-sliding","display_name":"frictional sliding","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brittle-rock","display_name":"brittle rock","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crustal-deformation","display_name":"crustal deformation","score":0.9169999957084656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126691448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2028919","display_name":"Magnitude (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.844666600227356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.7056596279144287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204366326","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3027650","display_name":"Deformation (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.6938375234603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136478896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898288","display_name":"Brittleness","level":2,"score":0.660184383392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97842125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1191291","display_name":"Rock mechanics","level":2,"score":0.5418371558189392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.5321159958839417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180016635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2712821","display_name":"Compression (physics)","level":2,"score":0.49762657284736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58396970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212749","display_name":"Cracking","level":2,"score":0.4541473090648651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4436270296573639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21036866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.44106751680374146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205093917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1468336","display_name":"Overburden pressure","level":2,"score":0.416881263256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.14424914121627808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10298919677734375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.06946197152137756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1785/bssa0580010399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1785/bssa0580010399","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1785/bssa0580010399","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S59098468","display_name":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","issn_l":"0037-1106","issn":["0037-1106","1943-3573"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316854","host_organization_name":"Seismological Society of America","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316854"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Seismological Society of America"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1583956960","https://openalex.org/W1970664646","https://openalex.org/W2033784980","https://openalex.org/W2045852419","https://openalex.org/W2098272641","https://openalex.org/W2133228730","https://openalex.org/W2161448626","https://openalex.org/W2238945752","https://openalex.org/W2286011324","https://openalex.org/W2310914459","https://openalex.org/W2571288216","https://openalex.org/W2799137445","https://openalex.org/W4248674919","https://openalex.org/W4255841407"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210397396","https://openalex.org/W4318570338","https://openalex.org/W3155296461","https://openalex.org/W3030163718","https://openalex.org/W2569904196","https://openalex.org/W4386524643","https://openalex.org/W2970079006","https://openalex.org/W3090681601","https://openalex.org/W1975244398","https://openalex.org/W2375455891"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"abstract":[0],"During":[1],"the":[2,45,60,77,137,154,163,168],"deformation":[3,111,160,166],"of":[4,62,66,76,112,136,146,156,167],"rock":[5,81,115,147,159],"in":[6,19,97,128,162],"laboratory":[7,164],"experiments,":[8],"small":[9],"cracking":[10],"events,":[11],"i.e.,":[12],"microfractures,":[13],"occur":[14],"which":[15,64,106],"radiate":[16],"elastic":[17],"waves":[18],"a":[20,53,70,98,113,120,143],"manner":[21],"similar":[22],"to":[23,43,92,118],"earthquakes.":[24],"These":[25],"radiations":[26],"were":[27,41],"detected":[28],"during":[29],"uniaxial":[30],"and":[31,35,47,69,71,84,110,133,148,165],"triaxial":[32],"compression":[33],"tests":[34],"their":[36],"frequency-magnitude":[37,102,138],"relation":[38,49,103,139],"studied.":[39,88],"They":[40],"found":[42,91,117],"obey":[44],"Gutenberg":[46,132],"Richter":[48,134],"log":[50],"N":[51,58],"=":[52],"+":[54],"b":[55,72,79,123],"M":[56],"Where":[57],"is":[59],"number":[61],"events":[63,105],"occurred":[65],"magnitude":[67],"M,":[68],"constants.":[73],"The":[74,101,131],"dependence":[75],"parameter":[78],"on":[80,95],"type,":[82],"stress,":[83,96],"confining":[85],"pressure":[86],"was":[87,90,116,140],"It":[89],"depend":[93],"primarily":[94],"characteristic":[99],"way.":[100],"for":[104],"accompanied":[107],"frictional":[108],"sliding":[109],"ductile":[114],"have":[119],"much":[121],"higher":[122],"value":[124],"than":[125],"that":[126],"observed":[127],"brittle":[129],"rock.":[130],"formulation":[135],"derived":[141],"from":[142],"statistical":[144],"model":[145],"crustal":[149],"deformation.":[150],"This":[151],"analysis":[152],"demonstrates":[153],"basis":[155],"similarity":[157],"between":[158],"experiments":[161],"crust.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":81},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":96},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":118},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":92},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":98},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":94},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":63},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":75},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":79},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":65},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":58},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":57},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":42}],"updated_date":"2026-10-24T09:50:30.924529","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}