{"id":"https://openalex.org/W176002545","doi":null,"title":"Ethical considerations: the participation of children in elite sports.","display_name":"Ethical considerations: the participation of children in elite sports.","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W176002545","mag":"176002545","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3640436"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:3640436","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3640436","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pediatrician","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W176002545"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037270095","display_name":"J. Rutenfranz","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J Rutenfranz","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037270095"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"14","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13296","display_name":"Sociology, History and Politics of Sport","score":0.3483999967575073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13296","display_name":"Sociology, History and Politics of Sport","score":0.3483999967575073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12700","display_name":"Doping in Sports","score":0.1459999978542328,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11506","display_name":"Children's Rights and Participation","score":0.09120000153779984,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-athletes","display_name":"child athletes","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elite-sport","display_name":"elite sport","score":0.8799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethics-committees","display_name":"ethics committees","score":0.4860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/musculoskeletal-disorders","display_name":"musculoskeletal disorders","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychological-stress","display_name":"psychological stress","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/doping","display_name":"doping","score":0.3529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dietary-intervention","display_name":"dietary intervention","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hormonal-manipulation","display_name":"hormonal manipulation","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-isolation","display_name":"social isolation","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harm-to-children","display_name":"harm to children","score":0.4779999852180481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775987171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192797","display_name":"Elite","level":3,"score":0.8321387767791748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.749028205871582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781054738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4813730","display_name":"Athletes","level":2,"score":0.6800041198730469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6228991746902466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993494880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1816033","display_name":"Elite athletes","level":3,"score":0.5532670021057129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43893838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840545","display_name":"Sports medicine","level":2,"score":0.5217034220695496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775941552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25212305","display_name":"Isolation (microbiology)","level":2,"score":0.44073793292045593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166735990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1750812","display_name":"Human factors and ergonomics","level":3,"score":0.4264930486679077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526869908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3298118","display_name":"Suicide prevention","level":3,"score":0.4237220883369446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.3565061688423157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.3050752878189087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.27785345911979675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.19553691148757935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.14873921871185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.09421461820602417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.08885464072227478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002651","descriptor_name":"Child Advocacy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002662","descriptor_name":"Child Health Services","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004032","descriptor_name":"Diet","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004992","descriptor_name":"Ethics, Medical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006728","descriptor_name":"Hormones","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010806","descriptor_name":"Physical Education and Training","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013177","descriptor_name":"Sports","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013178","descriptor_name":"Sports Medicine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:3640436","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3640436","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pediatrician","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.library.georgetown.edu:10822/812164","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10822/812164","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402467","display_name":"DigitalGeorgetown (Georgetown University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210145449","host_organization_name":"Center for Security and Emerging Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"eweb:62943","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:176002545","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3640436","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8048999905586243}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2486168979","https://openalex.org/W2296892027","https://openalex.org/W7098913690","https://openalex.org/W1984803978","https://openalex.org/W2033975231","https://openalex.org/W2341403490","https://openalex.org/W2113393566","https://openalex.org/W2117844999","https://openalex.org/W2115366220","https://openalex.org/W7097330913"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"a":[1,72],"way,":[2],"children":[3,40,123,168],"involved":[4],"in":[5,12,47,55,59,112,133,148],"elite":[6,113,144],"sports":[7,49,86,135,145,175],"can":[8],"be":[9,139,152],"considered":[10],"participants":[11],"an":[13,56],"uncontrolled":[14],"mass":[15],"experiment":[16],"with":[17,32,75,104],"human":[18],"beings.":[19],"Sports":[20],"have":[21],"many":[22,39],"benefits":[23],"for":[24,88,130,174],"children,":[25],"especially":[26,132],"when":[27],"this":[28],"activity":[29],"is":[30,50,162],"compared":[31],"the":[33,43,79,101],"sedentary":[34],"life":[35],"styles":[36],"of":[37,64,82,121,143],"too":[38],"all":[41],"over":[42],"world.":[44],"However,":[45],"training":[46,119],"such":[48],"progressively":[51],"becoming":[52],"more":[53],"prevalent":[54],"earlier":[57],"age":[58,128],"childhood,":[60],"and":[61,78,84,106,124],"potential":[62],"risks":[63],"musculoskeletal":[65],"disorders":[66],"or":[67,166,178],"diseases,":[68],"social":[69],"isolation":[70],"to":[71,97,117,125,138,164],"restricted":[73],"group":[74],"similar":[76],"interests,":[77],"psychologic":[80],"stress":[81],"repetitive":[83],"monotonous":[85],"activities":[87,146],"several":[89],"hours":[90],"each":[91],"day,":[92],"are":[93,100],"concerning":[94],"physicians.":[95],"Added":[96],"these":[98],"concerns":[99],"dangers":[102],"associated":[103],"hormonal":[105],"dietary":[107],"manipulations":[108],"practiced":[109],"by":[110,169],"athletes":[111],"sports.":[114],"Ethics":[115],"committees":[116],"control":[118],"procedures":[120],"gifted":[122],"propose":[126],"higher":[127],"limits":[129],"participants,":[131],"international":[134],"events,":[136],"seem":[137],"needed.":[140],"Long-term":[141],"effects":[142],"beginning":[147],"early":[149],"childhood":[150],"should":[151],"studied":[153],"using":[154,170],"appropriate":[155],"epidemiologic":[156],"methods.":[157],"The":[158],"basic":[159],"ethical":[160],"consideration":[161],"not":[163],"harm":[165],"alienate":[167],"them":[171],"as":[172],"objects":[173],"organizations,":[176],"spectators":[177],"nationalists.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
