{"id":"https://openalex.org/W175938947","doi":null,"title":"Identification and characterization of the blood vessels of solid tumors that are leaky to circulating macromolecules.","display_name":"Identification and characterization of the blood vessels of solid tumors that are leaky to circulating macromolecules.","publication_year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W175938947","mag":"175938947","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2459969","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1880651"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1880651","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1880651","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Am J Pathol","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1880651","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109566972","display_name":"Harold F. Dvorak","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316535847","display_name":"Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04drvxt59","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1316535847"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H F Dvorak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, MA 02215"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Hospital, Boston, MA 02215","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316535847"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007150862","display_name":"Janice A. Nagy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4337-8401","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4337-8401"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J A Nagy","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015328068","display_name":"J. Dvor\u00e1k","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J T Dvorak","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059154238","display_name":"Ann M. Dvo\u0159\u00e0k","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A M Dvorak","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8987,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":674,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92171992,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"133","issue":"1","first_page":"95","last_page":"109"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10422","display_name":"Angiogenesis and VEGF in Cancer","score":0.8511000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10422","display_name":"Angiogenesis and VEGF in Cancer","score":0.8511000275611877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11872","display_name":"Barrier Structure and Function Studies","score":0.133200004696846,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11469","display_name":"Lymphatic System and Diseases","score":0.0034000000450760126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-microvasculature","display_name":"tumor microvasculature","score":0.9409999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vascular-leakage","display_name":"vascular leakage","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plasma-extravasation","display_name":"plasma extravasation","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fitc-dextran","display_name":"FITC-dextran","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-associated-macrophages","display_name":"tumor-associated macrophages","score":0.503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tumor-host-interface","display_name":"tumor-host interface","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-distribution-in-tumors","display_name":"drug distribution in tumors","score":0.6179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/solid-tumors","display_name":"solid tumors","score":0.6570000052452087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779540182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1076345","display_name":"Extravasation","level":2,"score":0.8614139556884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.6836851835250854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52124034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q557179","display_name":"Stroma","level":3,"score":0.5294750928878784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776992346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111140","display_name":"Endothelium","level":2,"score":0.4451257884502411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.41084516048431396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3696300983428955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204232928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899285","display_name":"Immunohistochemistry","level":2,"score":0.28433263301849365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.20448508858680725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002199","descriptor_name":"Capillary Permeability","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002244","descriptor_name":"Carbon","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003911","descriptor_name":"Dextrans","qualifier_ui":"Q000493","qualifier_name":"pharmacokinetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005119","descriptor_name":"Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005452","descriptor_name":"Fluoresceins","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006168","descriptor_name":"Guinea Pigs","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008833","descriptor_name":"Microcirculation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008854","descriptor_name":"Microscopy, Electron","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008856","descriptor_name":"Microscopy, Fluorescence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009374","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms, Experimental","qualifier_ui":"Q000098","qualifier_name":"blood supply","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009374","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms, Experimental","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009374","descriptor_name":"Neoplasms, Experimental","qualifier_ui":"Q000648","qualifier_name":"ultrastructure","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013552","descriptor_name":"Swine","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013861","descriptor_name":"Thiocyanates","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016650","descriptor_name":"Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1880651","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1880651","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Am J Pathol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:2459969","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2459969","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American journal of pathology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:175938947","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2459969","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1880651","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1880651","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Am J Pathol","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8560000061988831}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W62844564","https://openalex.org/W158422826","https://openalex.org/W1531648615","https://openalex.org/W1532599291","https://openalex.org/W1554187358","https://openalex.org/W1559980822","https://openalex.org/W1905486804","https://openalex.org/W1909322523","https://openalex.org/W1949103118","https://openalex.org/W1971707906","https://openalex.org/W1984978706","https://openalex.org/W2000584529","https://openalex.org/W2001668786","https://openalex.org/W2017778235","https://openalex.org/W2025422701","https://openalex.org/W2052917365","https://openalex.org/W2053075620","https://openalex.org/W2062594120","https://openalex.org/W2064759804","https://openalex.org/W2078744219","https://openalex.org/W2081513562","https://openalex.org/W2115398879","https://openalex.org/W2116357013","https://openalex.org/W2133243467","https://openalex.org/W2138843392","https://openalex.org/W2143006707","https://openalex.org/W2274747634","https://openalex.org/W2278397697","https://openalex.org/W2314203153","https://openalex.org/W2419250495","https://openalex.org/W4211002736","https://openalex.org/W4318442936"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2417057164","https://openalex.org/W2405611595","https://openalex.org/W2042900542","https://openalex.org/W2083648307","https://openalex.org/W2025036947","https://openalex.org/W2138120258","https://openalex.org/W2000584529","https://openalex.org/W2099096390","https://openalex.org/W180527345","https://openalex.org/W1935630572"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"tumor":[1,70,116,140],"microvasculature":[2],"is":[3],"hyperpermeable":[4],"to":[5],"plasma":[6],"proteins,":[7],"but":[8,120],"the":[9,22,61,74,134,147],"specific":[10],"vessels":[11,78,97,100,125,141],"that":[12,65],"leak":[13,103],"have":[14],"not":[15,102],"been":[16],"identified.":[17],"To":[18],"investigate":[19],"this":[20],"question,":[21],"extravasation":[23],"of":[24,27,110,139,149],"circulating":[25,150],"tracers":[26,106],"varying":[28],"size":[29],"was":[30,66],"studied":[31],"by":[32,85],"fluorescence,":[33],"light,":[34],"and":[35,50,55,72,98,126,136,142,156],"electron":[36],"microscopy":[37],"in":[38,159],"animals":[39],"bearing":[40],"solid":[41,160],"transplantable":[42],"carcinomas.":[43],"In":[44],"all":[45],"five":[46],"tumors":[47],"studied,":[48],"70":[49],"150":[51],"kD":[52,109],"fluoresceinated":[53],"(FITC)-dextrans":[54],"colloidal":[56],"carbon":[57],"leaked":[58,112],"extensively":[59],"from":[60,113,123],"prominent":[62],"vascular":[63],"plexus":[64],"induced":[67],"around":[68],"individual":[69],"nodules":[71],"at":[73],"tumor-host":[75],"interface.":[76],"Leaky":[77],"were":[79],"mature":[80],"veins":[81,117],"or":[82,118],"venules,":[83],"lined":[84],"a":[86,144],"continuous":[87],"endothelium;":[88],"most":[89],"had":[90],"closed":[91],"interendothelial":[92],"cell":[93],"junctions.":[94],"Immature":[95],"interface":[96],"tumor-penetrating":[99,124],"did":[101],"these":[104],"macromolecular":[105],"significantly.":[107],"Three":[108],"FITC-dextran":[111],"peripherally":[114],"situated":[115],"venules":[119],"also":[121],"extravasated":[122],"capillaries":[127],"supplying":[128],"normal":[129],"tissues.":[130],"These":[131],"data":[132],"correlate":[133],"functional":[135],"anatomic":[137],"heterogeneity":[138],"provide":[143],"rationale":[145],"for":[146],"distribution":[148],"molecules":[151],"such":[152],"as":[153],"monoclonal":[154],"antibodies":[155],"tumoricidal":[157],"drugs":[158],"tumors.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
