{"id":"https://openalex.org/W175676708","doi":null,"title":"Improving chemigation efficacy by controlling droplet size distribution of oil-based pesticides","display_name":"Improving chemigation efficacy by controlling droplet size distribution of oil-based pesticides","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W175676708","mag":"175676708"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/282265","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282265","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400271","display_name":"UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","host_organization_name":"University of Arizona","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic)"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077703368","display_name":"W. A. Marouelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7030-573X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7030-573X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"W. A. Marouelli","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5077703368"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12201","display_name":"Agricultural Engineering and Mechanization","score":0.36010000109672546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12201","display_name":"Agricultural Engineering and Mechanization","score":0.36010000109672546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11382","display_name":"Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer","score":0.3246999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11404","display_name":"Irrigation Practices and Water Management","score":0.1687999963760376,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemigation","display_name":"chemigation","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/droplet-size-distribution","display_name":"droplet size distribution","score":0.9340000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/droplet-breakup","display_name":"droplet breakup","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oil-in-water-dispersions","display_name":"oil-in-water dispersions","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/effective-viscosity","display_name":"effective viscosity","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/friction-factor","display_name":"friction factor","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soybean-oil","display_name":"soybean oil","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kerosene","display_name":"kerosene","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/center-pivot-irrigation","display_name":"center pivot irrigation","score":0.8529999852180481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167296696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1408226","display_name":"Fertigation","level":3,"score":0.6672980189323425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161176658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131656","display_name":"Pesticide","level":2,"score":0.5538934469223022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.480145663022995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4572886526584625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3575931787490845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3202362358570099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.22188633680343628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.1344890296459198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142796444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181394","display_name":"Nutrient","level":2,"score":0.11484414339065552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.09685158729553223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/282265","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282265","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400271","display_name":"UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","host_organization_name":"University of Arizona","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic)"},{"id":"mag:175676708","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://arizona.openrepository.com/arizona/handle/10150/282265","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.4359000027179718,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":75,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W67009228","https://openalex.org/W134515837","https://openalex.org/W341292719","https://openalex.org/W608116946","https://openalex.org/W1177426917","https://openalex.org/W1517304188","https://openalex.org/W1517669650","https://openalex.org/W1539699140","https://openalex.org/W1972717393","https://openalex.org/W1974644044","https://openalex.org/W1980089585","https://openalex.org/W1982576948","https://openalex.org/W1984482077","https://openalex.org/W1991659480","https://openalex.org/W1992282471","https://openalex.org/W1993223631","https://openalex.org/W1996692114","https://openalex.org/W1998661455","https://openalex.org/W1999312224","https://openalex.org/W2004052756","https://openalex.org/W2006386799","https://openalex.org/W2008635620","https://openalex.org/W2009637982","https://openalex.org/W2014451685","https://openalex.org/W2014762079","https://openalex.org/W2015909586","https://openalex.org/W2016103144","https://openalex.org/W2021548681","https://openalex.org/W2026660344","https://openalex.org/W2028030990","https://openalex.org/W2032509671","https://openalex.org/W2036302433","https://openalex.org/W2037828787","https://openalex.org/W2048111760","https://openalex.org/W2049183286","https://openalex.org/W2052630088","https://openalex.org/W2054899270","https://openalex.org/W2055974951","https://openalex.org/W2059427816","https://openalex.org/W2061778997","https://openalex.org/W2063426043","https://openalex.org/W2064293364","https://openalex.org/W2065234880","https://openalex.org/W2068949913","https://openalex.org/W2076946913","https://openalex.org/W2077183083","https://openalex.org/W2082229006","https://openalex.org/W2088624865","https://openalex.org/W2093817941","https://openalex.org/W2095319948","https://openalex.org/W2104775226","https://openalex.org/W2109201894","https://openalex.org/W2115472437","https://openalex.org/W2115728860","https://openalex.org/W2119361088","https://openalex.org/W2127502481","https://openalex.org/W2128141099","https://openalex.org/W2139094084","https://openalex.org/W2144803637","https://openalex.org/W2144993222","https://openalex.org/W2150301534","https://openalex.org/W2154088340","https://openalex.org/W2154193456","https://openalex.org/W2162564468","https://openalex.org/W2182465916","https://openalex.org/W2321056654","https://openalex.org/W2327130018","https://openalex.org/W2329176291","https://openalex.org/W2329264732","https://openalex.org/W2329663014","https://openalex.org/W2942175741","https://openalex.org/W2946757357","https://openalex.org/W3145733612","https://openalex.org/W3206511593","https://openalex.org/W3208069106"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2093817941","https://openalex.org/W2032355683","https://openalex.org/W2048671045","https://openalex.org/W2007858340","https://openalex.org/W2065352384","https://openalex.org/W2329176291","https://openalex.org/W2086252159","https://openalex.org/W2002666051","https://openalex.org/W2064044394","https://openalex.org/W399282678"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0,46,206,236],"chemigation":[1,51,204,304],"of":[2,37,125,152,175,227,232,249,262,269],"nonsoluble":[3,286],"pesticides,":[4],"small":[5],"oil-pesticides":[6],"droplets":[7,16,21,314],"(dmax":[8,22],"tend":[9,17,25],"to":[10,18,26,113,141,321],"wash-off":[11],"from":[12,59,280],"foliage":[13],"while":[14],"large":[15],"stick.":[19],"Large":[20],"are":[23,44],"buoyant,":[24],"rise":[27],"in":[28,73,145,166],"the":[29,35,38,60,64,67,81,85,98,133,162,170,185,200,207,210,216,224,233,237,240,259,263,270,290,293,302,308,323],"irrigation":[30,61,86],"pipeline":[31,282],"and":[32,42,78,109,118,149,178,202,220,245,252,267,292,311],"exit":[33],"at":[34],"beginning":[36],"pipeline;":[39],"thus,":[40],"uniformity":[41,213,241,325],"efficacy":[43],"poor.":[45],"this":[47],"research,":[48],"a":[49,110,281],"new":[50,201,238,303],"system":[52,56],"was":[53,107,127,135,165,181,218,230,243,265,296],"proposed.":[54],"The":[55,88,157],"removes":[57],"water":[58,68],"pipeline,":[62],"injects":[63,80],"oil-pesticide":[65,99],"into":[66,84,100],"stream,":[69],"increases":[70],"dispersion":[71,82],"velocity":[72,90],"successively":[74],"smaller":[75],"tubing":[76],"diameters,":[77],"finally":[79],"back":[83],"pipeline.":[87],"higher":[89],"flow":[91],"with":[92,169,188,277],"high":[93],"turbulent":[94],"shear":[95],"forces":[96],"breaks":[97],"desired":[101],"size":[102,117,119],"droplets.":[103],"Droplet":[104],"break-up":[105],"research":[106],"reviewed,":[108],"model":[111,134,284,291],"developed":[112],"predict":[114,142],"maximum":[115,122],"droplet":[116],"distribution.":[120],"A":[121],"relative":[123],"error":[124],"40%":[126],"observed":[128],"when":[129],"dmax":[130,248],"predicted":[131,160,182,279],"by":[132,161,184],"compared":[136,276],"against":[137],"literature":[138],"data.":[139,172],"Equations":[140],"friction":[143,158],"factor":[144,159],"helically":[146],"coiled":[147],"pipes":[148],"effective":[150],"viscosity":[151,174],"oil-in-water":[153],"dispersions":[154,180],"were":[155,197,275],"evaluated.":[156],"Ito":[163],"equation":[164,187],"good":[167],"agreement":[168],"experimental":[171],"Effective":[173],"soybean":[176,211],"oil-":[177],"kerosene-in-water":[179],"satisfactorily":[183],"Richardson":[186],"k\u2084":[189],"=":[190],"2.5.":[191],"Finally,":[192],"center":[193],"pivot":[194],"field":[195,294,309],"experiments":[196,300],"conducted":[198],"using":[199,301],"conventional":[203,208],"systems.":[205],"system,":[209,239],"oil":[212,221,256],"coefficient":[214,242,326],"along":[215],"lateral":[217],"61%,":[219],"applied":[222,257],"over":[223,258,327],"last":[225,260],"tenth":[226,261],"irrigated":[228],"area":[229,264],"9%":[231],"initial":[234,271],"concentration.":[235,272],"73%":[244],"98%":[246],"for":[247,285,298,329],"875":[250],"mum":[251],"98":[253],"mum,":[254],"respectively;":[255],"27%":[266],"90%":[268],"Field":[273],"data":[274,295],"those":[278],"transport":[283],"pesticides.":[287],"Agreement":[288],"between":[289],"excellent":[297],"both":[299],"system.":[305],"Based":[306],"on":[307],"results":[310],"simulation":[312],"analyses,":[313],"<":[315],"150":[316],"\u03bcm":[317],"should":[318],"be":[319],"desirable":[320],"keep":[322],"discharge":[324],"97%,":[328],"0.92":[330],"\u2264":[331,333],"\u03c1(d)/\u03c1(c)":[332],"1.04.":[334]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-01T08:54:57.152042","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}