{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1753659477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2017.2732482","title":"Cost-Sensitive Learning of Deep Feature Representations From Imbalanced Data","display_name":"Cost-Sensitive Learning of Deep Feature Representations From Imbalanced Data","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-08-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1753659477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2017.2732482","mag":"1753659477","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28829320"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2017.2732482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2017.2732482","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2017.2732482","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1508.03422","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103899095","display_name":"Salman H. Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9502-1749","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9502-1749"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salman H. Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data61, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Canberra, ACT, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9502-1749","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data61, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Canberra, ACT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I42894916"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041437150","display_name":"Munawar Hayat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2706-5985","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2706-5985"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188329596","display_name":"University of Canberra","ror":"https://ror.org/04s1nv328","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188329596"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Munawar Hayat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Human-Centered Technology Research Centre, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Human-Centered Technology Research Centre, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188329596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009750573","display_name":"Mohammed Bennamoun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6603-3257","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6603-3257"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"The University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Bennamoun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia","[School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002219416","display_name":"Ferdous Ahmed Sohel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1557-4907","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1557-4907"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176790772","display_name":"Murdoch University","ror":"https://ror.org/00r4sry34","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176790772"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ferdous A. Sohel","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Information Technology, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia","[School of Engineering and Information Technology, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia]"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1557-4907","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Information Technology, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176790772"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[School of Engineering and Information Technology, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176790772"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017213156","display_name":"Roberto B. Togneri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3778-4633","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3778-4633"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"The University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Roberto Togneri","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia","School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Eng., The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3778-4633","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Eng., The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":44.9712,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":972,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99889608,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"8","first_page":"3573","last_page":"3587"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11652","display_name":"Imbalanced Data Classification Techniques","score":0.9916999936103821,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.004999999888241291,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-sensitive-learning","display_name":"cost-sensitive learning","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/class-imbalance","display_name":"class imbalance","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-feature-representation","display_name":"deep feature representation","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minority-class-learning","display_name":"minority class learning","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiclass-classification","display_name":"multi-class classification","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-classification","display_name":"image classification","score":0.6729999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object-detection","display_name":"object detection","score":0.5860000252723694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.731781005859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7282862067222595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.68829345703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6292839050292969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66905080","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17005494","display_name":"Binary classification","level":3,"score":0.5742056965827942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5353124141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.502098560333252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4897747039794922},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4897048771381378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776145971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30673951","display_name":"Labeled data","level":2,"score":0.4655846655368805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.40127599239349365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.08371806144714355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2017.2732482","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2017.2732482","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2017.2732482","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28829320","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28829320","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1508.03422","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1508.03422","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1508.03422","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:1753659477","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1508.03422.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/c7d04e28-44ab-4fbc-a8b3-dee336adabf5","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/c7d04e28-44ab-4fbc-a8b3-dee336adabf5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402492","display_name":"UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","host_organization_name":"The University of Western Australia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Khan, S H, Hayat, M, Bennamoun, M, Sohel, F A & Togneri, R 2018, 'Cost-Sensitive Learning of Deep Feature Representations From Imbalanced Data', IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, vol. 29, no. 8, pp. 3573-3587. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNNLS.2017.2732482","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au:38464","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/38464/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400274","display_name":"Murdoch University Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I176790772","host_organization_name":"Murdoch University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176790772"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Khan, S.H., Hayat, M., Bennamoun, M., Sohel, F.A. &lt;http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/view/author/Sohel, Ferdous.html&gt; and Togneri, R. (2017) Cost-Sensitive learning of deep feature representations from imbalanced data. IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems, 29 (8). pp. 3573-3587.","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openresearch-repository.anu.edu.au:1885/307609","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1885/307609","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402539","display_name":"ANU Open Research (Australian National University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","host_organization_name":"Australian National University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"Journal article"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1508.03422","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1508.03422","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1508.03422","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1508.03422","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1508.03422","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1508.03422","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.5676000118255615,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1623651875","display_name":"Advanced three-dimensional Computer Vision Algorithms for 'Find and Grasp' Future Robots","funder_award_id":"DP150100294","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8307791136","display_name":"Revocable multi-dimensional shape-based multimodal hand biometrics for personal identification and verification","funder_award_id":"DE120102960","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320991","display_name":"University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1753659477.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1753659477.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W405632","https://openalex.org/W20853332","https://openalex.org/W591046810","https://openalex.org/W832272354","https://openalex.org/W1480009832","https://openalex.org/W1496056137","https://openalex.org/W1524680991","https://openalex.org/W1581587400","https://openalex.org/W1606858007","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1694178301","https://openalex.org/W1849277567","https://openalex.org/W1907282891","https://openalex.org/W1971361999","https://openalex.org/W1975412991","https://openalex.org/W1976921161","https://openalex.org/W1982032418","https://openalex.org/W1992396639","https://openalex.org/W1993220166","https://openalex.org/W1997295736","https://openalex.org/W1999318832","https://openalex.org/W2027922120","https://openalex.org/W2033832873","https://openalex.org/W2037368361","https://openalex.org/W2039163401","https://openalex.org/W2040181375","https://openalex.org/W2062118960","https://openalex.org/W2070792803","https://openalex.org/W2095705004","https://openalex.org/W2097018403","https://openalex.org/W2098576843","https://openalex.org/W2099435377","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2103142054","https://openalex.org/W2107215754","https://openalex.org/W2107698128","https://openalex.org/W2113449189","https://openalex.org/W2115628259","https://openalex.org/W2118978333","https://openalex.org/W2119191234","https://openalex.org/W2124617127","https://openalex.org/W2126734246","https://openalex.org/W2130325614","https://openalex.org/W2132791018","https://openalex.org/W2139393465","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2155541015","https://openalex.org/W2157720605","https://openalex.org/W2158542502","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2167464971","https://openalex.org/W2168894214","https://openalex.org/W2179352600","https://openalex.org/W2220894487","https://openalex.org/W2223903364","https://openalex.org/W2252574053","https://openalex.org/W2253535400","https://openalex.org/W2259894692","https://openalex.org/W2294059674","https://openalex.org/W2407712691","https://openalex.org/W2508077530","https://openalex.org/W2508881195","https://openalex.org/W2538008885","https://openalex.org/W2551429935","https://openalex.org/W2627081599","https://openalex.org/W2963173190","https://openalex.org/W2963828527","https://openalex.org/W2963911037","https://openalex.org/W3102084631","https://openalex.org/W3155649056","https://openalex.org/W7053126446"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2118978333","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2495778891","https://openalex.org/W2440599146","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W1910619957","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1689262186","https://openalex.org/W2088059023","https://openalex.org/W2980748755","https://openalex.org/W3007204104","https://openalex.org/W2948074634","https://openalex.org/W3163837676","https://openalex.org/W2805605918","https://openalex.org/W2983991711","https://openalex.org/W3039688475","https://openalex.org/W3014943439","https://openalex.org/W2977984285","https://openalex.org/W2896579497","https://openalex.org/W3119938884"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Class":[0],"imbalance":[1,40],"is":[2,102],"a":[3,45,64,130],"common":[4],"problem":[5],"in":[6,129],"the":[7,50,54,79,91,95,123,135,140,155,160,173],"case":[8],"of":[9,17,29,53,142,176],"real-world":[10],"object":[11],"detection":[12],"and":[13,27,56,81,94,107,152,169],"classification":[14,149],"tasks.":[15],"Data":[16],"some":[18],"classes":[19,31],"are":[20,32],"abundant,":[21],"making":[22,34],"them":[23,35],"an":[24,36],"overrepresented":[25],"majority,":[26],"data":[28,125,150,166],"other":[30],"scarce,":[33],"underrepresented":[37],"minority.":[38],"This":[39],"makes":[41],"it":[42],"challenging":[43],"for":[44,77],"classifier":[46],"to":[47,104,116],"appropriately":[48],"learn":[49,73],"discriminating":[51],"boundaries":[52],"majority":[55,80],"minority":[57,82],"classes.":[58,83],"In":[59],"this":[60],"paper,":[61],"we":[62,119],"propose":[63],"cost-sensitive":[65],"(CoSen)":[66],"deep":[67],"neural":[68,96],"network,":[69],"which":[70,127],"can":[71],"automatically":[72],"robust":[74],"feature":[75],"representations":[76],"both":[78,105],"During":[84],"training,":[85],"our":[86,143,177],"learning":[87],"procedure":[88],"jointly":[89],"optimizes":[90],"class-dependent":[92],"costs":[93],"network":[97],"parameters.":[98],"The":[99],"proposed":[100,156,178],"approach":[101,157],"applicable":[103],"binary":[106],"multiclass":[108],"problems":[109],"without":[110],"any":[111],"modification.":[112],"Moreover,":[113],"as":[114],"opposed":[115],"data-level":[117],"approaches,":[118],"do":[120],"not":[121],"alter":[122],"original":[124],"distribution,":[126],"results":[128,141],"lower":[131],"computational":[132],"cost":[133],"during":[134],"training":[136],"process.":[137],"We":[138],"report":[139],"experiments":[144],"on":[145],"six":[146],"major":[147],"image":[148],"sets":[151],"show":[153],"that":[154],"significantly":[158],"outperforms":[159],"baseline":[161],"algorithms.":[162],"Comparisons":[163],"with":[164],"popular":[165],"sampling":[167],"techniques":[168],"CoSen":[170],"classifiers":[171],"demonstrate":[172],"superior":[174],"performance":[175],"method.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":70},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":121},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":138},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":158},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":165},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":121},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":99},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2022-10-02T00:00:00"}
