{"id":"https://openalex.org/W175265676","doi":null,"title":"Whitening effect and morphological evaluation of hydroxyapatite materials.","display_name":"Whitening effect and morphological evaluation of hydroxyapatite materials.","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W175265676","mag":"175265676","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19281109"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:19281109","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19281109","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American journal of dentistry","raw_type":"Evaluation Study"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005282831","display_name":"Alp Dabano\u011flu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I8204097","display_name":"Ludwig-Maximilians-Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen","ror":"https://ror.org/05591te55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alp Dabanoglu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ludwig Maximilians University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Goethe Str. 70, D-80336 Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ludwig Maximilians University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Goethe Str. 70, D-80336 Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I8204097"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082765565","display_name":"Claudia Wood","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claudia Wood","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021295922","display_name":"Franklin Garc\u0131\u0301a-Godoy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8133-3306","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8133-3306"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Franklin Garc\u00eda-Godoy","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108462561","display_name":"Karl\u2010Heinz Kunzelmann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karl-Heinz Kunzelmann","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1513,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83701383,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"1","first_page":"23","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11958","display_name":"Dental Erosion and Treatment","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11958","display_name":"Dental Erosion and Treatment","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10113","display_name":"Dental materials and restorations","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10368","display_name":"Dental Health and Care Utilization","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3500","display_name":"General Dentistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tooth-bleaching","display_name":"tooth bleaching","score":0.8420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydroxyapatite","display_name":"hydroxyapatite","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nano-hydroxyapatite","display_name":"hydroxyapatite nanoparticles","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enamel","display_name":"enamel","score":0.35600000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tooth-color","display_name":"tooth color","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tricalcium-phosphate","display_name":"tricalcium phosphate","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrodynamic-shear-force","display_name":"hydrodynamic shear force","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-loading","display_name":"mechanical loading","score":0.6700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bleaching-agents","display_name":"bleaching agents","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/premolars","display_name":"premolars","score":0.38499999046325684}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6682778000831604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77176794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187689","display_name":"Oxidizing agent","level":2,"score":0.5759360194206238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156887251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2386424","display_name":"Enamel paint","level":2,"score":0.5399338006973267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992886853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18381816","display_name":"Post hoc","level":2,"score":0.46726933121681213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.38700413703918457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.38059866428375244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2350996434688568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.057645708322525024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000704","descriptor_name":"Analysis of Variance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001641","descriptor_name":"Bicuspid","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003124","descriptor_name":"Colorimetry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003799","descriptor_name":"Dental Stress Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006882","descriptor_name":"Hydroxyapatites","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008855","descriptor_name":"Microscopy, Electron, Scanning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013053","descriptor_name":"Spectrophotometry","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014073","descriptor_name":"Tooth Bleaching","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018709","descriptor_name":"Statistics, Nonparametric","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D033081","descriptor_name":"Shear Strength","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:19281109","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19281109","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American journal of dentistry","raw_type":"Evaluation Study"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6240000128746033,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1995770270","https://openalex.org/W3128621426","https://openalex.org/W4384340022","https://openalex.org/W7213974793","https://openalex.org/W3168060116","https://openalex.org/W4400386052","https://openalex.org/W2007392929","https://openalex.org/W4401372307","https://openalex.org/W4409230937","https://openalex.org/W7222168968"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"PURPOSE:":[0],"To":[1],"measure":[2],"the":[3,6,18,24,53,76,91,111,119,121,124,142,146],"efficacy":[4],"of":[5,9,46,75,90,118],"whitening":[7],"effect":[8],"non-oxidizing":[10],"and":[11,14,21,33,63,105,110,123,133],"non-acidic":[12],"nano-":[13],"micro-hydroxyapatite":[15],"materials":[16,143],"on":[17],"enamel":[19],"surface":[20,25],"to":[22,43,68,71,152],"evaluate":[23],"changes":[26,89],"after":[27,134],"treatment.":[28],"METHODS:":[29],"Three":[30],"hydroxyapatite":[31,35],"suspensions":[32],"two":[34],"mixtures":[36],"in":[37,97,145],"dissolvable":[38],"polymer":[39],"films":[40],"were":[41,100,106],"applied":[42,64],"a":[44,57,84],"total":[45],"30":[47],"extracted":[48],"caries-free":[49],"human":[50],"premolars.":[51],"After":[52],"last":[54],"material":[55],"application,":[56],"hydrodynamic":[58,135],"shear":[59,136],"force":[60,137],"was":[61,81],"generated":[62],"for":[65],"2":[66],"minutes":[67],"all":[69],"teeth":[70],"simulate":[72],"mechanical":[73],"loading":[74],"surface.":[77],"The":[78,87,116],"tooth":[79],"color":[80],"measured":[82],"with":[83,108],"dental":[85],"spectrophotometer.":[86],"mean":[88],"L*a*b*":[92],"values":[93,130],"between":[94,131],"different":[95],"measurements":[96],"each":[98],"group":[99],"expressed":[101],"as":[102],"delta":[103,128],"E":[104,129],"analyzed":[107],"ANOVA":[109],"Tukey's":[112],"post-hoc":[113],"test.":[114],"RESULTS:":[115],"groups":[117],"nano-hydroxyapatite,":[120],"hydroxyapatite-nanocrystals":[122],"tricalcium-phosphate":[125],"exhibited":[126],"significant":[127],"baseline":[132],"application":[138],"(P<0.05).":[139],"In":[140],"conclusion,":[141],"used":[144],"study":[147],"are":[148],"very":[149],"promising":[150],"alternatives":[151],"oxidizing":[153],"bleaching":[154],"agents.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}