{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1750434331","doi":null,"title":"Baltimore Row houses of the Early Nineteenth Century","display_name":"Baltimore Row houses of the Early Nineteenth Century","publication_year":1975,"publication_date":"1975-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1750434331","mag":"1750434331"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.ojsprdap:article/2339","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://journals.ku.edu/amerstud/article/view/2339","pdf_url":"http://journals.ku.edu/amerstud/article/view/2339","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401558","display_name":"Latin American Theatre Review (The University of Kansas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I146416000","host_organization_name":"University of Kansas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146416000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"American Studies; Vol. 16, No. 2: Fall 1975; 65-76","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://journals.ku.edu/amerstud/article/view/2339","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103201524","display_name":"Robert L. Alexander","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3359-6379","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3359-6379"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert Alexander","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3359-6379","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103201524"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13532125,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"2","first_page":"65","last_page":"76"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13519","display_name":"Historical Architecture and Urbanism","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13519","display_name":"Historical Architecture and Urbanism","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12188","display_name":"Architecture, Modernity, and Design","score":0.011300000362098217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2216","display_name":"Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13599","display_name":"Architecture and Cultural Influences","score":0.002300000051036477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/townhouses","display_name":"townhouses","score":0.9390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baltimore","display_name":"Baltimore","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-19th-century","display_name":"early 19th century","score":0.8339999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brick-architecture","display_name":"brick architecture","score":0.9070000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brownstone","display_name":"brownstone","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-housing","display_name":"urban housing","score":0.5249999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tenement-housing","display_name":"tenement housing","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-expansion","display_name":"urban expansion","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/american-culture","display_name":"American culture","score":0.3869999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-estate-speculation","display_name":"real estate speculation","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-middle-class","display_name":"upper middle class","score":0.5270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cityscape","display_name":"cityscape","score":0.593999981880188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.4619375467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.3377703130245209}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.ojsprdap:article/2339","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://journals.ku.edu/amerstud/article/view/2339","pdf_url":"http://journals.ku.edu/amerstud/article/view/2339","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401558","display_name":"Latin American Theatre Review (The University of Kansas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I146416000","host_organization_name":"University of Kansas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146416000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"American Studies; Vol. 16, No. 2: Fall 1975; 65-76","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"mag:1750434331","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.ku.edu/amerstud/article/download/2339/2298","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S157163303","display_name":"American studies","issn_l":"0026-3079","issn":["0026-3079","2153-6856"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310322130","host_organization_name":"American studies","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310322130"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American studies"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"American studies","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ojs.ojsprdap:article/2339","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://journals.ku.edu/amerstud/article/view/2339","pdf_url":"http://journals.ku.edu/amerstud/article/view/2339","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401558","display_name":"Latin American Theatre Review (The University of Kansas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I146416000","host_organization_name":"University of Kansas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146416000"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"American Studies; Vol. 16, No. 2: Fall 1975; 65-76","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8787999749183655,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1750434331.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1750434331.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7054848465","https://openalex.org/W7054935269","https://openalex.org/W2050486351","https://openalex.org/W2012134052","https://openalex.org/W2319634855","https://openalex.org/W4207014776","https://openalex.org/W1977795580","https://openalex.org/W4214703563","https://openalex.org/W2032713364","https://openalex.org/W2493879199"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"baltimore":[0],"row":[1,101,118,210,239,276,337],"houses":[2],"of":[3,18,23,61,65,99,106,139,152,155,171,176,184,235,251,261,306,318,324],"the":[4,32,58,66,72,97,100,107,136,142,150,156,169,174,177,181,185,192,197,205,215,223,233,236,238,252,258,267,279,290,307,336],"early":[5,143,157],"nineteenth":[6,158],"century":[7,186,237],"robert":[8],"I.":[9],"alexander":[10],"\"This":[11],"Town,\"":[12],"wrote":[13],"a":[14,46,104,129,227,255,303,316,322],"traveler":[15],"in":[16,82,135,195,287],"1793":[17],"Baltimore,":[19,196],"\"is":[20],"built":[21,41,320],"chiefly":[22],"brick.Its":[24],"Houses":[25],"are":[26],"3-Story-join":[27],"[ed]":[28],"together-are":[29],"wide,":[30],"8c":[31],"Town":[33],"appears":[34],"to":[35,56,71,111,214,274,285,297],"be":[36,112,298],"better":[37],"and":[38,80,180,203,207,230,248,264,278,283,292,329],"more":[39],"handsomely":[40],"than":[42,302,326],"Philadelphia.\"":[43],"1":[44],"Despite":[45],"New":[47],"Yorker's":[48],"condescension":[49],"toward":[50],"Philadelphia,":[51],"he":[52],"was":[53,76,88,242],"perceptive":[54],"enough":[55],"bracket":[57],"brick":[59,153],"architecture":[60],"Baltimore":[62],"with":[63,160,257,300,332],"that":[64,219],"next":[67],"large":[68],"coastal":[69],"city":[70,151],"north.The":[73],"material,":[74],"brick,":[75],"not":[77,220],"only":[78,221,266],"common":[79],"traditional":[81],"both":[83],"places,":[84],"but":[85,225],"its":[86],"use":[87],"reinforced":[89],"by":[90,115,166],"regulations":[91],"against":[92],"fire":[93],"hazards.He":[94],"grasped":[95],"also":[96],"importance":[98,134],"house":[102,240,338],"as":[103,122,124,149],"feature":[105],"cityscape,":[108],"an":[109],"observation":[110],"repeated":[113],"often":[114,190],"later":[116],"travelers.Although":[117],"housing":[119,211],"has":[120],"antecedents":[121],"old":[123],"pharaonic":[125],"Egypt,":[126],"it":[127],"acquired":[128],"predominant":[130],"if":[131],"much":[132],"ignored":[133],"rapid":[137],"growth":[138],"cities":[140],"during":[141,321],"industrial":[144],"age.Baltimore":[145],"is":[146,312,330],"still":[147],"characterized":[148],"rows":[154,175,319],"century,":[159],"white":[161],"marble":[162,193],"steps":[163],"scrubbed":[164],"daily":[165],"industrious":[167],"housewives.For":[168],"historian":[170],"American":[172],"culture":[173,229],"middle":[178,281,294],"decades":[179],"third":[182],"quarter":[183],"have":[187],"another":[188],"significance.While":[189],"retaining":[191],"stoop":[194],"uniform":[198],"brownstone":[199],"front":[200],"prevailed":[201],"up":[202],"down":[204],"coast":[206],"far":[208],"inland.This":[209],"gave":[212],"rise":[213],"term":[216],"\"brown":[217],"decades\"":[218],"names":[222],"period,":[224],"intimates":[226],"whole":[228],"life":[231],"style.By":[232],"end":[234],"designer":[241],"seeking":[243],"individuality":[244],"through":[245],"stylistic":[246],"novelty":[247],"even":[249],"differentiation":[250],"units":[253],"within":[254],"block.But":[256],"rising":[259],"costs":[260],"urban":[262],"land":[263],"construction,":[265],"affluent":[268],"real":[269],"estate":[270],"speculator":[271],"could":[272],"afford":[273],"build":[275],"houses,":[277],"upper":[280],"class":[282,295],"wealthy":[284],"live":[286],"them,":[288],"while":[289],"poor":[291],"lower":[293],"had":[296],"satisfied":[299],"tenements.Rather":[301],"sequential":[304],"history":[305],"type,":[308],"however,":[309],"this":[310],"study":[311],"cross-sectional,":[313],"concentrating":[314],"on":[315],"number":[317],"period":[323],"less":[325],"fifteen":[327],"years,":[328],"concerned":[331],"some":[333],"features":[334],"relating":[335]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-01T08:54:57.152042","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}