{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1745513188","doi":null,"title":"Moving from individual contribution to group learning: the early years of the apache web server","display_name":"Moving from individual contribution to group learning: the early years of the apache web server","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1745513188","mag":"1745513188"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:surface.syr.edu:it_etd-1016","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://surface.syr.edu/it_etd/13","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401700","display_name":"Syracuse University Libraries (Syracuse University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I70983195","host_organization_name":"Syracuse University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"School of Information Studies - Dissertations","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007861624","display_name":"Kevin Crowston","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1996-3600","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1996-3600"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70983195","display_name":"Syracuse University","ror":"https://ror.org/025r5qe02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kevin Crowston","raw_affiliation_strings":["syracuse University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1996-3600","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"syracuse University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008665961","display_name":"Hala Annabi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8536-5038","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8536-5038"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I70983195","display_name":"Syracuse University","ror":"https://ror.org/025r5qe02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hala Annabi","raw_affiliation_strings":["syracuse University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8536-5038","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"syracuse University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9785,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94237589,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.4535999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11675","display_name":"Open Source Software Innovations","score":0.4535999894142151,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10970","display_name":"Team Dynamics and Performance","score":0.3488999903202057,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11466","display_name":"Innovative Education and Learning Practices","score":0.06340000033378601,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group-learning","display_name":"group learning","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-source-software","display_name":"open source software","score":0.9110000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apache-http-server","display_name":"Apache web server","score":0.718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-work-groups","display_name":"distributed work groups","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shared-mental-models","display_name":"shared mental models","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-learning-networks","display_name":"asynchronous learning networks","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organizational-learning","display_name":"organizational learning","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mailing-lists","display_name":"mailing lists","score":0.7049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individual-contributions","display_name":"individual contributions","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group-maintenance","display_name":"group maintenance","score":0.4309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task-management","display_name":"task management","score":0.8859999775886536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5441743731498718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5283977389335632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4657045006752014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.4529345631599426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.4364657998085022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.34002685546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3314068615436554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19329124689102173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:surface.syr.edu:it_etd-1016","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://surface.syr.edu/it_etd/13","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401700","display_name":"Syracuse University Libraries (Syracuse University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I70983195","host_organization_name":"Syracuse University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I70983195"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"School of Information Studies - Dissertations","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:1745513188","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://surface.syr.edu/it_etd/13/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.4156000018119812,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2406879970","https://openalex.org/W1494888920","https://openalex.org/W2155352927","https://openalex.org/W2545743360","https://openalex.org/W2183160106","https://openalex.org/W1965717490","https://openalex.org/W341969293","https://openalex.org/W1995808482","https://openalex.org/W354913536","https://openalex.org/W210304367","https://openalex.org/W1985952619","https://openalex.org/W2248752730","https://openalex.org/W2165216616","https://openalex.org/W2337818853","https://openalex.org/W1588775163","https://openalex.org/W1496780706","https://openalex.org/W633841971","https://openalex.org/W2060959819","https://openalex.org/W1559603691","https://openalex.org/W2743410854"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Open":[0],"Source":[1],"Software":[2],"(OSS)":[3],"groups,":[4,260,285,288],"by":[5,72,90],"their":[6],"very":[7],"nature":[8],"(distributed,":[9],"often":[10],"voluntary,":[11],"and":[12,22,33,49,80,127,138,142,144,152,165,169,172,186,213,215,229,240,261,270,289,297],"having":[13],"a":[14,85],"potentially":[15],"large":[16],"number":[17],"of":[18,26,211,225,246,255,272],"submitted":[19],"bug":[20],"reports":[21],"fixes":[23],"from":[24,191],"outside":[25],"the":[27,38,47,51,60,66,77,88,98,195,208,223,226,230,253,266],"core-development":[28],"team)":[29],"experience":[30],"many":[31],"benefits":[32,48],"challenges":[34],"with":[35],"respect":[36],"to":[37,44,96,221],"core":[39],"group's":[40,78],"effectiveness.":[41],"In":[42],"order":[43],"capitalize":[45],"on":[46,59,65],"minimize":[50],"challenges,":[52],"OSS":[53,69,106,199,284],"groups":[54,70,103,107,291],"must":[55],"learn":[56,71],"not":[57],"only":[58],"individual":[61,74,157,170],"level,":[62],"but":[63],"also":[64],"group":[67,125,134,150,188],"level.":[68],"integrating":[73],"contributions":[75],"into":[76,252],"product":[79],"processes.":[81],"This":[82,175,235,277],"study":[83,176,182,202,236,254],"addressed":[84,262],"gap":[86],"in":[87,163,194,257,274,292,294],"literature":[89],"providing":[91],"an":[92,112,178],"interdisciplinary":[93],"theoretical":[94,239,244],"framework":[95,110],"explain":[97],"process":[99,228,271],"through":[100,156],"which":[101],"distributed":[102,258,290],"such":[104],"as":[105,207],"learn.":[108],"The":[109,201,243],"used":[111,203],"input-process":[113],"output-structure":[114],"that":[115,184],"integrated":[116],"four":[117],"research":[118,248,278],"areas:":[119],"organizational":[120],"learning,":[121],"shared":[122,145,166],"mental":[123,146,167],"models,":[124,168],"research,":[126],"asynchronous":[128],"learning":[129,189,204,227,256,273],"networks.":[130],"Input":[131],"variables":[132,160],"included":[133,149],"design":[135,183],"(compositions,":[136],"tasks":[137],"formal":[139],"structure),":[140],"rules":[141,164],"procedures,":[143],"models.":[147],"Processes":[148],"maintenance":[151],"task":[153],"management":[154],"activities":[155],"contributions.":[158],"Output":[159],"included:":[161],"changes":[162],"satisfaction":[171],"perceived":[173],"learning.":[174],"utilized":[177,216],"embedded":[179,209],"single":[180],"case":[181],"observed":[185],"analyzed":[187],"processes":[190],"mailing":[192],"lists":[193],"Apache":[196],"Web":[197],"server":[198],"project.":[200],"opportunity":[205],"episodes":[206],"unit":[210],"analysis":[212],"developed":[214],"three":[217],"content":[218],"analytic":[219],"schemes":[220],"describe":[222],"characteristics":[224],"factors":[231],"affecting":[232],"this":[233,247],"process.":[234],"had":[237],"both":[238,295],"pragmatic":[241],"implications.":[242],"implications":[245,282],"raised":[249],"new":[250],"insights":[251],"work":[259,298],"several":[263],"issues":[264],"concerning":[265],"definition,":[267],"content,":[268],"outcome":[269],"these":[275],"groups.":[276],"presented":[279],"various":[280],"practical":[281],"for":[283],"other":[286],"software-development":[287],"general,":[293],"educational":[296],"settings.":[299]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
