{"id":"https://openalex.org/W173637574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2014/790-5","title":"Education policy, vocational training, and the youth in sub-Saharan Africa","display_name":"Education policy, vocational training, and the youth in sub-Saharan Africa","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W173637574","doi":"https://doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2014/790-5","mag":"173637574"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.35188/unu-wider/2014/790-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2014/790-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2014/790-5","pdf_url":"https://www.wider.unu.edu/sites/default/files/wp2014-069.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201284","display_name":"Working Paper Series","issn_l":"1798-7237","issn":["1798-7237"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"WIDER Working Paper","raw_type":"book"},"volume":null,"type":"book","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://www.wider.unu.edu/sites/default/files/wp2014-069.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037082291","display_name":"Moses Oketch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9901-6373","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9901-6373"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124357947","display_name":"University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04cw6st05","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32309878","display_name":"United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research","ror":"https://ror.org/015y1mx47","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32309878","https://openalex.org/I4210104502"]}],"countries":["FI","GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Moses Oketch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Education, University of London;","UNU-WIDER, Katajanokanlaituri 6 B, 00160 Helsinki, Finland, wider","World Institute for Development Economics Research"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Education, University of London;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124357947"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNU-WIDER, Katajanokanlaituri 6 B, 00160 Helsinki, Finland, wider","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32309878"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"World Institute for Development Economics Research","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32309878"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5037082291"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I32309878"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7521,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89768638,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13532","display_name":"Education Systems and Policy","score":0.7685999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13532","display_name":"Education Systems and Policy","score":0.7685999870300293,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12204","display_name":"African Education and Politics","score":0.17550000548362732,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13762","display_name":"Education and Labor Relations","score":0.03310000151395798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technical-and-vocational-education","display_name":"technical and vocational education and training","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/education-policy","display_name":"education policy","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/youth-unemployment","display_name":"youth unemployment","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/youth-bulge","display_name":"youth bulge","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demographic-dividend","display_name":"demographic dividend","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/education-labor-market-mismatch","display_name":"education-labor market mismatch","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kenya","display_name":"Kenya","score":0.6050000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ghana","display_name":"Ghana","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botswana","display_name":"Botswana","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sub-saharan-africa","display_name":"sub-Saharan Africa","score":0.8930000066757202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C668760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6869278","display_name":"Vocational education","level":2,"score":0.9203461408615112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26993612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910154","display_name":"Panacea (medicine)","level":3,"score":0.7186944484710693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780438764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4261734","display_name":"Youth unemployment","level":3,"score":0.6866122484207153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778126366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41171","display_name":"Unemployment","level":2,"score":0.6661912202835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4808260202407837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.46014249324798584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.44877445697784424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.444494366645813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3799082338809967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.24022990465164185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.15773090720176697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11344358325004578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.10613656044006348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09747925400733948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.35188/unu-wider/2014/790-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2014/790-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2014/790-5","pdf_url":"https://www.wider.unu.edu/sites/default/files/wp2014-069.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201284","display_name":"Working Paper Series","issn_l":"1798-7237","issn":["1798-7237"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"WIDER Working Paper","raw_type":"book"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp-2014-069","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.wider.unu.edu/sites/default/files/wp2014-069.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www.wider.unu.edu/sites/default/files/wp2014-069.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:unu:wpaper:wp2014-069","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.wider.unu.edu/sites/default/files/wp2014-069.pdf","pdf_url":"http://www.wider.unu.edu/sites/default/files/wp2014-069.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:collections.unu.edu:UNU:3516","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://collections.unu.edu/view/UNU:3516","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401912","display_name":"UNU Collections (United Nations University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210148429","host_organization_name":"United Nations University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148429"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/97120","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/97120","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:workingPaper"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10185012","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10185012/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"(WIDER Working Paper 2014/069). United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER): Helsinki, Finland. (2014)","raw_type":"Working / discussion paper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.35188/unu-wider/2014/790-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2014/790-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2014/790-5","pdf_url":"https://www.wider.unu.edu/sites/default/files/wp2014-069.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201284","display_name":"Working Paper Series","issn_l":"1798-7237","issn":["1798-7237"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"WIDER Working Paper","raw_type":"book"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.9211000204086304},{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6164000034332275},{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4074000120162964}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333317","display_name":"United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research","ror":"https://ror.org/015y1mx47"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W173637574.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W173637574.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W31523163","https://openalex.org/W33105079","https://openalex.org/W92352299","https://openalex.org/W127354587","https://openalex.org/W138918699","https://openalex.org/W165524872","https://openalex.org/W262506848","https://openalex.org/W280848230","https://openalex.org/W367332429","https://openalex.org/W1484634722","https://openalex.org/W1535274414","https://openalex.org/W1830949956","https://openalex.org/W1958449778","https://openalex.org/W1981354094","https://openalex.org/W2008220407","https://openalex.org/W2022461920","https://openalex.org/W2033289814","https://openalex.org/W2069844847","https://openalex.org/W2070172808","https://openalex.org/W2339351805","https://openalex.org/W3125840153","https://openalex.org/W6996291121","https://openalex.org/W7062746813"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1535274414","https://openalex.org/W2616870401","https://openalex.org/W2012297603","https://openalex.org/W3214051817","https://openalex.org/W6990241199","https://openalex.org/W2320861607","https://openalex.org/W1532743744","https://openalex.org/W1601646904","https://openalex.org/W7206165949","https://openalex.org/W262506848"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Technical,":[0,159],"vocational":[1,157,160,194,205,237,243,285],"education,":[2,161,238,244,286],"and":[3,21,34,81,114,118,153,162,172,196,207,214,226,229,239,245,270,287,289,294,310],"training":[4,163,197,208,246,288],"has":[5,29,44,87,104,121,141,146,281,291],"remained":[6],"an":[7],"explosive":[8],"topic":[9,36],"because":[10],"it":[11,28,61,73,120,221],"can":[12],"create":[13],"a":[14,32,92,217],"divided":[15],"society":[16],"in":[17,52,100,210,257,307],"terms":[18],"of":[19,77,149,168,193,267],"education":[20,41,113,145,171,195,206,212,260],"the":[22,39,49,63,70,83,110,115,125,129,136,147,166,235,265,301,311,317],"benefits":[23],"associated":[24,132,315],"with":[25,133,177,316],"it.":[26,134],"Internationally,":[27],"always":[30],"been":[31,106,142],"complex":[33],"controversial":[35],"compared":[37],"to":[38,65,90,97,108,123,185,248],"general":[40,144],"strand.":[42],"It":[43,103],"presented":[45],"inconsistent":[46],"arguments":[47,189],"over":[48,278],"years,":[50,137],"particularly":[51],"Sub-Saharan":[53,101,258,308],"Africa":[54,309],"were":[55],"policies":[56,275],"have":[57,198,276],"too":[58],"often":[59],"prescribed":[60],"as":[62],"panacea":[64],"addressing":[66,78],"youth":[67,79,98,126,305],"unemployment.":[68],"On":[69],"one":[71],"hand,":[72,85],"seems":[74],"logical":[75],"means":[76],"unemployment":[80,99],"on":[82,304],"other":[84],"vocationalization":[86],"never":[88,232],"proven":[89],"be":[91],"straightforward":[93],"solution":[94],"or":[95],"remedy":[96],"Africa.":[102],"not":[105,199,292],"able":[107],"address":[109],"mismatch":[111],"between":[112],"labour":[116],"market":[117],"equally":[119],"failed":[122],"prepare":[124],"adequately":[127],"for":[128,139,175,180,283],"specific":[130],"occupations":[131],"Over":[135],"reality":[138],"individuals":[140],"that":[143,220],"promise":[148],"better":[150,181],"career":[151],"mobility":[152],"higher":[154],"wages":[155],"than":[156],"streams.":[158],"thus":[164],"acquired":[165],"tag":[167],"being":[169],"\u2018useless\u2019":[170],"only":[173],"useful":[174],"those":[176],"less":[178],"aspiration":[179],"paying":[182],"jobs.":[183],"Yet":[184],"date":[186],"such":[187],"strong":[188],"against":[190],"full":[191],"acceptance":[192],"deterred":[200],"African":[201,259],"countries":[202],"from":[203],"continuing":[204],"programmes":[209],"public":[211],"systems":[213],"there":[215],"is":[216,222,224,231,298],"growing":[218],"view":[219],"what":[223,280,290],"needed,":[225],"yet":[227],"expansion":[228],"investment":[230],"directed":[233],"at":[234],"technical,":[236,242,284],"training.":[240],"Consequently,":[241],"continues":[247],"maintain":[249],"its":[250],"inherently":[251],"powerful":[252],"but":[253],"also":[254],"paradoxical":[255],"appeal":[256],"systems.":[261],"This":[262],"paper,":[263],"using":[264],"cases":[266],"Kenya,":[268],"Ghana,":[269],"Botswana":[271],"will":[272],"examine":[273],"how":[274],"shifted":[277],"time,":[279],"worked":[282,293],"why.":[295],"The":[296],"paper":[297],"cast":[299],"around":[300],"present":[302],"theme":[303],"bulge":[306],"potential":[312],"demographic":[313],"dividend":[314],"bulge.":[318]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
