{"id":"https://openalex.org/W173612907","doi":null,"title":"Cellular Adaptation of Macrophages to Anthrax Lethal Toxin-Induced Pyroptosis via Epigenetic Mechanisms","display_name":"Cellular Adaptation of Macrophages to Anthrax Lethal Toxin-Induced Pyroptosis via Epigenetic Mechanisms","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W173612907","mag":"173612907"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:etd-2573","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/1251","pdf_url":"https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/1251","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400648","display_name":"Scholarship@Western (Western University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","host_organization_name":"Western University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/1251","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078517744","display_name":"Chae Young Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-1579","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-1579"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chae Young Han","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5196-1579","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078517744"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11515","display_name":"Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research","score":0.6176999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11515","display_name":"Bacillus and Francisella bacterial research","score":0.6176999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10294","display_name":"Cell death mechanisms and regulation","score":0.17139999568462372,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10269","display_name":"Epigenetics and DNA Methylation","score":0.07209999859333038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anthrax-lethal-toxin","display_name":"anthrax lethal toxin","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyroptosis","display_name":"pyroptosis","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epigenetic-regulation","display_name":"epigenetic regulation","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dna-methylation","display_name":"DNA methylation","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dnmt1","display_name":"DNMT1","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hdac8","display_name":"HDAC8","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/h3k27-acetylation","display_name":"H3K27 acetylation","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bnip3","display_name":"BNIP3","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bnip3l","display_name":"BNIP3L","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacillus-anthracis","display_name":"Bacillus anthracis","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histone-modifications","display_name":"histone modifications","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azacitidine","display_name":"azacitidine","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/panobinostat","display_name":"panobinostat","score":0.9890000224113464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17172800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7263707","display_name":"Pyroptosis","level":4,"score":0.9553883075714111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41091548","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26939","display_name":"Epigenetics","level":3,"score":0.6332293152809143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780239966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614156","display_name":"Bacillus anthracis","level":3,"score":0.5435940027236938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.48055270314216614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83640560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180951","display_name":"Chromatin","level":3,"score":0.4701892137527466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777367657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184651","display_name":"Toxin","level":2,"score":0.4419604241847992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51551487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2043632","display_name":"p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases","level":4,"score":0.410586416721344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.36900216341018677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57074206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14197552","display_name":"MAPK/ERK pathway","level":3,"score":0.35718271136283875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.33810532093048096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31573885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q304484","display_name":"Programmed cell death","level":3,"score":0.3000735640525818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.2853560149669647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190283241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14599311","display_name":"Apoptosis","level":2,"score":0.26800984144210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.24694332480430603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62478195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828130","display_name":"Signal transduction","level":2,"score":0.16172227263450623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.11616018414497375}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:etd-2573","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/1251","pdf_url":"https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/1251","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400648","display_name":"Scholarship@Western (Western University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","host_organization_name":"Western University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.939.3006","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.939.3006","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article%3D2573%26context%3Detd","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uwo.scholaris.ca:20.500.14721/37808","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14721/37808","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400648","display_name":"Scholarship@Western (Western University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","host_organization_name":"Western University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"thesis"},{"id":"mag:173612907","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2573&context=etd","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ir.lib.uwo.ca:etd-2573","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/1251","pdf_url":"https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/1251","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400648","display_name":"Scholarship@Western (Western University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","host_organization_name":"Western University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9476000070571899,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W173612907.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W173612907.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":117,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4153007","https://openalex.org/W50088630","https://openalex.org/W106254908","https://openalex.org/W173457525","https://openalex.org/W228976431","https://openalex.org/W1479973247","https://openalex.org/W1484293540","https://openalex.org/W1486257535","https://openalex.org/W1493048246","https://openalex.org/W1504303645","https://openalex.org/W1511815964","https://openalex.org/W1541216017","https://openalex.org/W1567517848","https://openalex.org/W1583511773","https://openalex.org/W1605844554","https://openalex.org/W1625510017","https://openalex.org/W1905269649","https://openalex.org/W1965744634","https://openalex.org/W1965909642","https://openalex.org/W1966625479","https://openalex.org/W1968770640","https://openalex.org/W1972127899","https://openalex.org/W1974917488","https://openalex.org/W1980220720","https://openalex.org/W1982356313","https://openalex.org/W1984520240","https://openalex.org/W1985180051","https://openalex.org/W1987271093","https://openalex.org/W1989662085","https://openalex.org/W1990996860","https://openalex.org/W1993163893","https://openalex.org/W1994006562","https://openalex.org/W1995417238","https://openalex.org/W1999478182","https://openalex.org/W2001095885","https://openalex.org/W2010856383","https://openalex.org/W2011221649","https://openalex.org/W2013286012","https://openalex.org/W2015735594","https://openalex.org/W2016623287","https://openalex.org/W2018506593","https://openalex.org/W2020696798","https://openalex.org/W2022161626","https://openalex.org/W2023802571","https://openalex.org/W2024636269","https://openalex.org/W2026694952","https://openalex.org/W2027586024","https://openalex.org/W2029344760","https://openalex.org/W2029384396","https://openalex.org/W2033102369","https://openalex.org/W2044571296","https://openalex.org/W2046119701","https://openalex.org/W2046191322","https://openalex.org/W2049309853","https://openalex.org/W2049542146","https://openalex.org/W2051974123","https://openalex.org/W2052373759","https://openalex.org/W2053168741","https://openalex.org/W2061279719","https://openalex.org/W2061475369","https://openalex.org/W2064967819","https://openalex.org/W2065189879","https://openalex.org/W2066185685","https://openalex.org/W2066904343","https://openalex.org/W2067043938","https://openalex.org/W2073038487","https://openalex.org/W2073103427","https://openalex.org/W2073270810","https://openalex.org/W2075611712","https://openalex.org/W2079061423","https://openalex.org/W2082218499","https://openalex.org/W2088941584","https://openalex.org/W2089728938","https://openalex.org/W2092566326","https://openalex.org/W2096083625","https://openalex.org/W2099407732","https://openalex.org/W2106900373","https://openalex.org/W2107038650","https://openalex.org/W2111109862","https://openalex.org/W2111178066","https://openalex.org/W2113785203","https://openalex.org/W2114693590","https://openalex.org/W2114769428","https://openalex.org/W2114988891","https://openalex.org/W2115079059","https://openalex.org/W2117809535","https://openalex.org/W2122057254","https://openalex.org/W2122287804","https://openalex.org/W2123064897","https://openalex.org/W2127829299","https://openalex.org/W2133452708","https://openalex.org/W2135081292","https://openalex.org/W2138287147","https://openalex.org/W2139122477","https://openalex.org/W2140259967","https://openalex.org/W2141410747","https://openalex.org/W2144266634","https://openalex.org/W2144467901","https://openalex.org/W2145337538","https://openalex.org/W2149144875","https://openalex.org/W2151313894","https://openalex.org/W2152220015","https://openalex.org/W2153512434","https://openalex.org/W2153648499","https://openalex.org/W2158535498","https://openalex.org/W2159728415","https://openalex.org/W2161315819","https://openalex.org/W2162117160","https://openalex.org/W2162301843","https://openalex.org/W2162830222","https://openalex.org/W2167293805","https://openalex.org/W2168098000","https://openalex.org/W2187373741","https://openalex.org/W2410327989","https://openalex.org/W2417610769","https://openalex.org/W4299564444","https://openalex.org/W7020396449"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1959818602","https://openalex.org/W257863618","https://openalex.org/W2152220015","https://openalex.org/W1989662085","https://openalex.org/W2022161626","https://openalex.org/W2013286012","https://openalex.org/W7099320155","https://openalex.org/W2136227893","https://openalex.org/W2338308476","https://openalex.org/W2615111921"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cellular":[0],"adaptation":[1],"to":[2,49,57,106,172,189,193],"microbial":[3],"stresses":[4],"has":[5],"been":[6],"demonstrated":[7],"in":[8,90,125,133,157,200,214,238],"several":[9],"cell":[10,38,118],"types.":[11],"Macrophages":[12],"(M\u0424)":[13],"are":[14],"sentinel":[15],"immune":[16],"cells":[17,93,170],"fending":[18],"off":[19],"invading":[20],"microbes.":[21],"Anthrax":[22],"lethal":[23],"toxin":[24],"(LeTx)":[25],"is":[26],"a":[27,50],"key":[28],"virulence":[29],"factor":[30],"released":[31],"by":[32,225],"Bacillus":[33],"anthracis":[34],"that":[35,71,221],"causes":[36],"rapid":[37],"death,":[39],"pyroptosis.":[40,108,126],"A":[41],"small":[42],"number":[43],"of":[44,53,74,115,130,182,191,205,212,232,240,247],"RAW246.7":[45],"macrophages":[46],"(~4%)":[47],"exposed":[48],"non-lethal":[51],"dose":[52],"LeTx":[54],"become":[55],"resistant":[56],"LeTx-induced":[58,107,173],"pyroptosis":[59,174],"for":[60],"~":[61],"4":[62],"weeks,":[63],"termed":[64],"\u201ctoxin-induced":[65],"resistance":[66],"(TIR)\u201d.":[67],"Here,":[68],"I":[69],"showed":[70],"high":[72,89],"levels":[73,86,211],"DNA":[75,128],"methyl":[76],"transferase1":[77],"(DNMT1)":[78],"expression":[79,114,231,246],"were":[80,87,137],"maintained":[81,224],"although":[82],"global":[83],"genomic":[84],"methylation":[85,129],"not":[88,138],"TIR.":[91],"TIR":[92,144,158,169,201,215,222],"treated":[94],"with":[95],"the":[96,116,210,245],"DNMT":[97],"inhibitor":[98,162],"5-azacitidine":[99,208],"or":[100,164,207],"(si)RNA":[101],"targeting":[102],"DNMT1":[103,111,233],"became":[104],"susceptible":[105],"Knocking":[109],"down":[110],"also":[112],"increased":[113],"mitochondrial":[117],"death":[119],"proteins":[120],"Bnip3":[121,134,177],"and":[122,135,143,175,178,234,242],"Bnip3L":[123,136,179],"involved":[124],"However,":[127],"CpG":[131],"islands":[132],"different":[139],"between":[140],"wild":[141],"type":[142],"cells.":[145,159,202,216],"Among":[146],"histone":[147,151,183],"modification":[148],"genes":[149],"examined,":[150],"deacetylase":[152],"(HDAC)":[153],"8":[154],"was":[155,198,223],"up-regulated":[156],"The":[160],"HDAC":[161],"panobinostat":[163,206],"siRNAs":[165],"against":[166],"HDAC8":[167],"rendered":[168],"sensitive":[171],"induced":[176],"expression.":[180],"Acetylation":[181],"H3":[184],"lysine":[185],"27":[186],"(H3K27Ac)":[187],"leads":[188],"binding":[190],"BNIP3":[192],"H3,":[194],"but":[195],"this":[196],"association":[197],"decreased":[199],"Also":[203],"treatments":[204],"enhanced":[209],"H3K27Ac":[213,241],"Collectively,":[217],"these":[218],"results":[219],"suggest":[220],"multiple":[226],"epigenetic":[227],"mechanisms":[228],"through":[229],"up-regulating":[230],"HDAC8.":[235],"This":[236],"resulted":[237],"decrease":[239],"subsequently":[243],"suppressed":[244],"BNIP3.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}