{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1735948405","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ijme.20150504.04","title":"Chemical and Mechanical Properties Changes in Corymbia Citriodora Wood Submitted to Heat Treatment","display_name":"Chemical and Mechanical Properties Changes in Corymbia Citriodora Wood Submitted to Heat Treatment","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1735948405","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ijme.20150504.04","mag":"1735948405"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5923/j.ijme.20150504.04","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ijme.20150504.04","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ijme.20150504.04","pdf_url":"http://www.sapub.org/global/showpaperpdf.aspx?doi=10.5923/j.ijme.20150504.04","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764367084","display_name":"International journal of materials engineering","issn_l":"2166-5389","issn":["2166-5389","2166-5400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Materials Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"http://www.sapub.org/global/showpaperpdf.aspx?doi=10.5923/j.ijme.20150504.04","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007623375","display_name":"M\u00e1rcio Rog\u00e9rio da Silva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7728-8589","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7728-8589"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcio Rog\u00e9rio da Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wood and Timber Structures Laboratory (LaMEM), Engineering School of S\u00e3o Carlos of University of S\u00e3o Paulo (EESC/USP), S\u00e3o Carlos, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wood and Timber Structures Laboratory (LaMEM), Engineering School of S\u00e3o Carlos of University of S\u00e3o Paulo (EESC/USP), S\u00e3o Carlos, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102770709","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 \u00d3t\u00e1vio Brito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6275-9659","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6275-9659"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Ot\u00e1vio Brito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pulp Laboratory, Chemical and Energy from Department of Forest Sciences (LQCE), Piracicaba, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pulp Laboratory, Chemical and Energy from Department of Forest Sciences (LQCE), Piracicaba, Brazil","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047114332","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 S\u00edlvio Govone","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8579-0982","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8579-0982"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I879563668","display_name":"Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp)","ror":"https://ror.org/00987cb86","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I879563668"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Silvio Govone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Statistics, Applied Mathematics and Computing (DEMAC), Paulista State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Statistics, Applied Mathematics and Computing (DEMAC), Paulista State University (UNESP), Rio Claro, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I879563668"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060613639","display_name":"Gilmara de Oliveira Machado","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1455-9086","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1455-9086"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133832","display_name":"Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste","ror":"https://ror.org/03cxsty68","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210133832"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gilmara de Oliveira Machado","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Forestry, State University of Midwest (UNICENTRO), Irati, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Forestry, State University of Midwest (UNICENTRO), Irati, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133832"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003721926","display_name":"Carlito Calil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6037-2816","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6037-2816"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlito Calil Junior","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Structures Engineering (SET), Engineering School of S\u00e3o Carlos of University of S\u00e3o Paulo (EESC/USP), S\u00e3o Carlos, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Structures Engineering (SET), Engineering School of S\u00e3o Carlos of University of S\u00e3o Paulo (EESC/USP), S\u00e3o Carlos, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090151641","display_name":"Andr\u00e9 Lu\u00eds Christoforo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4066-080X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4066-080X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177909021","display_name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Carlos","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdc6m37","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177909021"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andr\u00e9 Luis Christoforo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Innovation and Technology in Composites (CITeC), Department of Civil Engineering (DECiv), Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos (UFSCar), S\u00e3o Carlos, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Innovation and Technology in Composites (CITeC), Department of Civil Engineering (DECiv), Federal University of S\u00e3o Carlos (UFSCar), S\u00e3o Carlos, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177909021"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021973622","display_name":"Francisco Ant\u00f4nio Rocco Lahr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3510-8498","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3510-8498"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisco Antonio Rocco Lahr","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090151641"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177909021"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3584,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84637298,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"4","first_page":"98","last_page":"104"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10484","display_name":"Wood Treatment and Properties","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10484","display_name":"Wood Treatment and Properties","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11208","display_name":"Lignin and Wood Chemistry","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10088","display_name":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corymbia-citriodora","display_name":"Corymbia citriodora","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-treatment","display_name":"heat treatment","score":0.671999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wood-chemistry","display_name":"wood chemistry","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexural-strength","display_name":"flexural strength","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elastic-modulus","display_name":"elastic modulus","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tensile-strength","display_name":"tensile strength","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shear-strength","display_name":"shear strength","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-to-grain","display_name":"parallel to grain","score":0.5509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellulose","display_name":"cellulose","score":0.6690000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hemicellulose","display_name":"hemicellulose","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lignin","display_name":"lignin","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extractives","display_name":"extractives","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ash-content","display_name":"ash content","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-properties-of-wood","display_name":"wood mechanical properties","score":0.5239999890327454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8435092568397522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.7123836278915405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779251873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80294","display_name":"Cellulose","level":2,"score":0.636387288570404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781052789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184817","display_name":"Lignin","level":2,"score":0.6300371885299683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112950240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76005","display_name":"Ultimate tensile strength","level":2,"score":0.6022169589996338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196029304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2091584","display_name":"Young's modulus","level":2,"score":0.5473884344100952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178405089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857201","display_name":"Flexural strength","level":2,"score":0.5290414690971375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201865488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477481","display_name":"Heat deflection temperature","level":4,"score":0.44740748405456543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154877778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2630655","display_name":"Carbonization","level":3,"score":0.4425240457057953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.11429974436759949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102267420","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120206","display_name":"Izod impact strength test","level":3,"score":0.09789600968360901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26771246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321095","display_name":"Scanning electron microscope","level":2,"score":0.08860716223716736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.060423970222473145}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5923/j.ijme.20150504.04","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ijme.20150504.04","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ijme.20150504.04","pdf_url":"http://www.sapub.org/global/showpaperpdf.aspx?doi=10.5923/j.ijme.20150504.04","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764367084","display_name":"International journal of materials engineering","issn_l":"2166-5389","issn":["2166-5389","2166-5400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Materials Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.60692/rzn96-zb567","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60692/rzn96-zb567","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.60692/rzn96-zb567","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051682","display_name":"Greater South Information System","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.60692/vhzmz-9d719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60692/vhzmz-9d719","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.60692/vhzmz-9d719","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051682","display_name":"Greater South Information System","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5923/j.ijme.20150504.04","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ijme.20150504.04","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5923/j.ijme.20150504.04","pdf_url":"http://www.sapub.org/global/showpaperpdf.aspx?doi=10.5923/j.ijme.20150504.04","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764367084","display_name":"International journal of materials engineering","issn_l":"2166-5389","issn":["2166-5389","2166-5400"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Materials Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320997","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/02ddkpn78"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1735948405.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1735948405.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1810369184","https://openalex.org/W1887570586","https://openalex.org/W1925968624","https://openalex.org/W1978350365","https://openalex.org/W1979115961","https://openalex.org/W1987295783","https://openalex.org/W2004727388","https://openalex.org/W2005351290","https://openalex.org/W2032694454","https://openalex.org/W2040190928","https://openalex.org/W2049042329","https://openalex.org/W2059840433","https://openalex.org/W2062973725","https://openalex.org/W2070134562","https://openalex.org/W2109267474","https://openalex.org/W2124885209","https://openalex.org/W2152803405","https://openalex.org/W2188281468","https://openalex.org/W4294642806"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2142131268","https://openalex.org/W7120534867","https://openalex.org/W7065134879","https://openalex.org/W2913926688","https://openalex.org/W2428017443","https://openalex.org/W1980093555","https://openalex.org/W4406537973","https://openalex.org/W2159697904","https://openalex.org/W2885723774","https://openalex.org/W7120707948"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,9,37,66,104,116,143,158,191,200,222],"heat":[1,28,67],"is":[2,43],"important":[3],"treatment":[4,29,68],"in":[5,14,17,24,71,96,131],"the":[6,32,46,52,94,97,141,164,169,205,208,212],"wood":[7,21,98],"processing.":[8],"changes":[10,33,170],"are":[11,171],"not":[12],"significant":[13],"structural":[15],"properties":[16,108,118,224],"some":[18],"case,":[19],"like":[20],"drying.":[22],"However,":[23],"other":[25],"treatments,":[26],"such":[27],"and":[30,54,79,93,106,113,126,133,136,150,166,186,207],"carbonization":[31],"can":[34],"be":[35],"intense.":[36],"main":[38],"purpose":[39],"of":[40,48,57,123,128,145],"this":[41],"research":[42],"to":[44,111,140,155,175,179,183,188,211,219],"investigate":[45],"influence":[47],"thermorectification":[49],"process":[50],"on":[51],"chemical":[53,107,159],"mechanical":[55,105,117,201],"behavior":[56],"Corymbia":[58],"citriodora":[59],"(Hook.)":[60],"K.D.":[61],"Hill":[62],"&":[63],"L.A.S.":[64],"Johnson.":[65],"was":[69,100],"performed":[70],"a":[72],"laboratorial":[73],"electric":[74],"furnace":[75],"at":[76],"160,":[77],"180":[78],"200\u00baC,":[80],"under":[81],"inert":[82],"atmosphere,":[83],"using":[84],"boards":[85],"measuring":[86],"6":[87],"\u00d7":[88,90],"16":[89],"56":[91],"cm3":[92],"temperature":[95],"pieces":[99],"controlled":[101],"by":[102,121],"thermocouples.":[103],"were":[109,119,152],"determined":[110,153],"fresh":[112],"heat-treated":[114],"wood.":[115],"evaluated":[120],"Modulus":[122,127],"Rupture":[124],"(MOR)":[125],"Elasticity":[129],"(MOE)":[130,225],"bending,":[132],"also":[134],"tensile":[135],"shear":[137],"strength":[138],"parallel":[139,210],"grain.":[142],"content":[144,193],"cellulose,":[146],"hemicelluloses,":[147],"lignin,":[148],"extractives":[149],"ash":[151,192],"according":[154],"TAPPI":[156],"Standard.":[157],"analysis":[160],"revealed":[161],"that":[162,204],"when":[163],"temperatures":[165],"time":[167],"increase,":[168],"ranged":[172],"from":[173,216],"17.8":[174],"9.6%":[176],"extractives;":[177],"30.4":[178],"44%":[180],"lignin;":[181],"30.8":[182],"42.8%":[184],"cellulose":[185],"21.7":[187],"6%":[189],"hemicelluloses.":[190],"remains":[194],"almost":[195],"steady":[196],"for":[197],"all":[198],"boards.":[199],"tests":[202],"showed":[203],"MOR":[206],"tension":[209],"grain":[213],"(ft0)":[214],"decreased":[215],"36%":[217],"up":[218],"55%,":[220],"respectively.":[221],"stiffness":[223],"increased":[226],"about":[227],"12%,":[228],"improved":[229],"during":[230],"thermal":[231],"treatment.":[232]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}