{"id":"https://openalex.org/W17300073","doi":null,"title":"HbA1c, weight, quality of life and hypoglycaemia awareness after a structured education programme teaching carbohydrate counting and insulin dose adjustment","display_name":"HbA1c, weight, quality of life and hypoglycaemia awareness after a structured education programme teaching carbohydrate counting and insulin dose adjustment","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W17300073","mag":"17300073"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:chesterrep.openrepository.com:10034/128649","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10034/128649","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10034/128649","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196415","display_name":"ChesterRep (University of Chester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I137265193","host_organization_name":"University of Chester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137265193"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis or dissertation"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10034/128649","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004473371","display_name":"Julie Ellis-Gowland","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Julie Ellis-Gowland","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5004473371"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10793","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Education","score":0.7724999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10793","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Education","score":0.7724999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.22619999945163727,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-1-diabetes","display_name":"type 1 diabetes","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patient-education","display_name":"patient education","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbohydrate-counting","display_name":"carbohydrate counting","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insulin-dose-adjustment","display_name":"insulin dose adjustment","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hba1c","display_name":"HbA1c","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypoglycemia-awareness","display_name":"hypoglycemia awareness","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-life","display_name":"quality of life","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weight-loss","display_name":"weight loss","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group-education","display_name":"group education","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-self-management","display_name":"diabetes self-management","score":0.6299999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.5099962949752808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4327995181083679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.41920092701911926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.33003583550453186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.29619958996772766}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:chesterrep.openrepository.com:10034/128649","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10034/128649","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10034/128649","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196415","display_name":"ChesterRep (University of Chester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I137265193","host_organization_name":"University of Chester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137265193"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis or dissertation"},{"id":"mag:17300073","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://chesterrep.openrepository.com/bitstream/10034/128649/8/Julie%20Ellis-Gowland.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:chesterrep.openrepository.com:10034/128649","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10034/128649","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10034/128649","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196415","display_name":"ChesterRep (University of Chester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I137265193","host_organization_name":"University of Chester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137265193"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Thesis or dissertation"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311965","display_name":"University of Chester","ror":"https://ror.org/01drpwb22"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W17300073.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W17300073.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W127578178","https://openalex.org/W202349942","https://openalex.org/W1539583898","https://openalex.org/W1550621568","https://openalex.org/W1996084976","https://openalex.org/W2008179214","https://openalex.org/W2017311960","https://openalex.org/W2022218046","https://openalex.org/W2024062130","https://openalex.org/W2031911010","https://openalex.org/W2032092504","https://openalex.org/W2057687611","https://openalex.org/W2058717577","https://openalex.org/W2069777370","https://openalex.org/W2074289124","https://openalex.org/W2088148548","https://openalex.org/W2092783195","https://openalex.org/W2105099865","https://openalex.org/W2111025865","https://openalex.org/W2123946565","https://openalex.org/W2139030495","https://openalex.org/W2158631909","https://openalex.org/W2158762868","https://openalex.org/W2166673121","https://openalex.org/W2185025613","https://openalex.org/W2769264260"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7056325512","https://openalex.org/W2107141516","https://openalex.org/W2668492871","https://openalex.org/W2179800341","https://openalex.org/W3134658687","https://openalex.org/W2126266306","https://openalex.org/W2053683459","https://openalex.org/W2031911010","https://openalex.org/W117161308","https://openalex.org/W2098792602"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objective":[0],"-":[1,215,330],"The":[2,165,331],"primary":[3],"aim":[4,40],"was":[5,41,104,109,167,203,240,257,296,391],"to":[6,23,42,51,205,266,324,335,393,407,484,495],"assess":[7],"the":[8,44,84,94,121,183,201,217,305,337,357,382,396,401,443,457,485,506,509],"effects":[9,45],"of":[10,33,46,58,81,97,149,168,245,272,301,339,352,384,422,442,445,464,471,498,505,508],"Aintree":[11],"Hospital\u2019s":[12],"\u20184-Step\u2019":[13,341,402,510],"programme":[14,166,218,342,403,416,511],"which":[15,247,451,467],"teaches":[16],"carbohydrate":[17],"counting":[18],"and":[19,35,49,60,70,90,132,141,172,349,375],"insulin":[20],"dose":[21],"adjustment":[22],"patients":[24,118,126,128,157,173],"with":[25,127,226,280,313,428],"Type":[26],"1":[27],"diabetes,":[28],"on":[29,143,512],"HbA1c,":[30,55,314],"Weight,":[31,56],"Quality":[32,57,80,271,421,444],"life":[34,59,273],"Hypoglycaemia":[36,61,91,302,477],"awareness.":[37,62],"A":[38,100],"secondary":[39],"compare":[43],"group":[47,160,262,281,292],"education":[48,263,282,293,318,377],"one":[50,52],"clinics":[53,234,269],"in":[54,87,154,230,259,287,299,304,326,343,347,359],"Methods":[63],"-All":[64],"parameters":[65],"were":[66,125,152,174,195,212,425],"measured":[67,76],"at":[68,378],"baseline":[69],"four":[71,169],"months":[72,181],"later.":[73],"HbA1c":[74,220,360],"is":[75,361,364,368],"by":[77,223,276,456],"blood":[78],"test,":[79],"Life":[82,423,446],"using":[83,93],"Problem":[85],"Areas":[86],"Diabetes":[88],"questionnaire":[89],"Awareness":[92,96,478],"\u2018Symptom":[95],"Hypoglycaemia\u2019":[98],"questionnaire.":[99,447],"convenience":[101],"sampling":[102],"technique":[103],"used":[105],"whereby":[106],"patient":[107,150],"data":[108,151],"collected":[110,153],"over":[111,370],"a":[112,188,308,415,438,501],"6":[113],"month":[114],"period":[115],"from":[116,436],"all":[117],"who":[119],"fit":[120,187],"criteria.":[122],"Those":[123],"excluded":[124],"receiving":[129],"nutritional":[130],"support":[131],"those":[133,138,142,231,260,267,315,325,465],"undertaking":[134,232],"weight":[135,243,255,389,408],"management":[136],"programmes,":[137],"undergoing":[139,316],"chemo/radiotherapy":[140],"renal":[144],"dialysis.":[145],"Fifty":[146],"two":[147],"sets":[148],"total.":[155],"All":[156],"underwent":[158],"either":[159],"or":[161],"one-to-one":[162],"clinic":[163],"sessions.":[164],"weeks":[170],"duration":[171],"followed":[175],"up":[176],"for":[177,197,473,500],"repeat":[178],"measurements":[179],"three":[180],"after":[182],"programme.":[184],"Where":[185,200],"populations":[186],"normal":[189],"\u2019Gaussian\u2019":[190],"distribution":[191],"parametric":[192,209],"paired":[193],"t-tests":[194],"chosen":[196],"statistical":[198,251],"analysis.":[199],"population":[202,306],"found":[204],"be":[206,394,492],"skewed,":[207],"non-":[208],"Wilcoxon":[210],"tests":[211],"used.":[213],"Results":[214],"Following":[216],"overall":[219,242,278],"levels":[221,470],"improved":[222,275],"0.29%":[224],"(p=0.008)":[225],"greater":[227,258,418],"improvements":[228,289,321,346,424],"occurring":[229],"joint":[233],"(p=0.037)":[235],"than":[236,291],"groups":[237,327],"(p=0.111).":[238],"There":[239,295],"an":[241,410],"loss":[244,256,390],"0.5kg":[246],"did":[248,479],"not":[249,405,480],"reach":[250],"significance":[252],"(p=0.100).":[253],"However":[254],"attending":[261,268],"(p=0.04)":[264],"compared":[265,323],"(p=0.438).":[270],"scores":[274],"11%":[277],"(p=0.000)":[279,290],"being":[283],"slightly":[284],"more":[285,439,502],"effective":[286],"achieving":[288,344],"(p=0.001).":[294],"no":[297],"change":[298],"symptoms":[300],"awareness":[303],"as":[307,312],"whole":[309],"(p=0.052)":[310],"although":[311],"individual":[317],"had":[319],"great":[320],"(p=0.046)":[322],"(p=0.409).":[328],"Conclusions":[329],"study":[332,397,487],"has":[333],"served":[334],"demonstrate":[336,468],"effectiveness":[338],"Aintree\u2019s":[340],"key":[345],"clinical":[348,386],"non-clinical":[350],"aspects":[351,450,466],"patients\u2019":[353],"diabetes":[354],"care.":[355],"While":[356],"improvement":[358],"beneficial,":[362],"it":[363],"unclear":[365],"whether":[366],"this":[367,459],"sustained":[369,385],"time.":[371],"Longer":[372],"term":[373],"follow-up":[374],"refresher":[376],"intervals":[379],"may":[380,491],"increase":[381],"likelihood":[383],"benefits.":[387],"Whilst":[388,448],"shown":[392],"minimal,":[395],"importantly":[398],"demonstrates":[399],"that":[400],"does":[404],"lead":[406],"gain,":[409],"important":[411],"finding":[412],"when":[413],"offering":[414],"enabling":[417],"food":[419],"freedom.":[420],"highly":[426],"significant":[427],"impressive":[429],"improvements.":[430],"However,":[431],"future":[432,474],"studies":[433],"would":[434,460],"benefit":[435],"including":[437],"detailed":[440],"analysis":[441],"highlighting":[449],"are":[452],"most":[453],"favourably":[454],"influenced":[455],"programme,":[458],"also":[461],"enable":[462],"targeting":[463],"lower":[469],"satisfaction":[472],"service":[475],"provision.":[476],"improve,":[481],"possibly":[482],"due":[483],"short":[486],"duration.":[488],"Future":[489],"evaluations":[490],"better":[493],"placed":[494],"measure":[496],"frequency":[497],"hypoglycaemia":[499],"accurate":[503],"assessment":[504],"impact":[507],"hypoglycaemic":[513],"events.":[514]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}