{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1726552000","doi":null,"title":"Language in Mental Retardation","display_name":"Language in Mental Retardation","publication_year":1996,"publication_date":"1996-12-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1726552000","mag":"1726552000"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-019651431","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=019651431&amp;sequence=000002&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110631175","display_name":"Jean Adolphe Rondal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157674565","display_name":"University of Li\u00e8ge","ror":"https://ror.org/00afp2z80","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157674565"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean A. Rondal","raw_affiliation_strings":["U Li\u00e8ge, Lab for Psycholinguistics, Li\u00e8ge, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U Li\u00e8ge, Lab for Psycholinguistics, Li\u00e8ge, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157674565"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103457666","display_name":"Susan Edwards","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9599-3807","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9599-3807"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susan Edwards","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5582,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":82,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.937749,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10730","display_name":"Language Development and Disorders","score":0.9491999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10730","display_name":"Language Development and Disorders","score":0.9491999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11015","display_name":"Down syndrome and intellectual disability research","score":0.03519999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12207","display_name":"Assistive Technology in Communication and Mobility","score":0.007300000172108412,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3609","display_name":"Occupational Therapy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intellectual-disability","display_name":"intellectual disability","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-period-hypothesis","display_name":"critical period hypothesis","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dissociation","display_name":"dissociation","score":0.4099999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sex-differences","display_name":"sex differences","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-class","display_name":"social class","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-delay","display_name":"language delay","score":0.32600000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-remediation","display_name":"language remediation","score":0.5260000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/augmentative-and-alternative-communication","display_name":"augmentative and alternative communication","score":0.8870000243186951}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6576700210571289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778073708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2330667","display_name":"Language development","level":2,"score":0.576943576335907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C536930464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4335010","display_name":"Developmental linguistics","level":4,"score":0.47758153080940247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103879163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q378697","display_name":"Mental age","level":3,"score":0.4576311707496643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.4521796703338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.44095584750175476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777102477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10469820","display_name":"Language disorder","level":3,"score":0.41193121671676636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.40912121534347534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.388235867023468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.35757914185523987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129353971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156949","display_name":"Comprehension approach","level":3,"score":0.3445754647254944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123960582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455196","display_name":"Language education","level":2,"score":0.18425866961479187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.09905397891998291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-019651431","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=019651431&amp;sequence=000002&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:1726552000","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA29274690","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4043000042438507,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6982913562","https://openalex.org/W634361434","https://openalex.org/W2127554900","https://openalex.org/W1973947124","https://openalex.org/W2164219335","https://openalex.org/W2300826491","https://openalex.org/W209848454","https://openalex.org/W234967367","https://openalex.org/W121050734","https://openalex.org/W2989570318"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Outline":[0],"and":[1,28,37,50,76,89,94,109,117,123,131],"rationale.":[2],"Historical":[3],"sketch:":[4],"early":[5,8],"speech":[6,84],"studies":[7,10,14,16],"language":[9,38,51,54,72,98,103,110,114,132,134],"more":[11],"theoretically":[12],"oriented":[13,18],"Lenneberg's":[15],"psycholinguistically":[17],"work":[19],"intervention":[20],"studies.":[21],"IQ,":[22],"sex":[23,39],"social":[24,41],"class,":[25],"syndrome":[26,44],"considerations,":[27],"the":[29,46,66,69,78,95,100,119],"specificity":[30,47],"question:":[31],"Iq,":[32],"levels":[33],"of":[34,97,126],"mental":[35,57,112],"retardation,":[36],"differences":[40,43],"class":[42],"considerations":[45],"question.":[48],"Exceptionality":[49],"modularity:":[52],"exceptional":[53],"development":[55,75,83,86,96],"in":[56,61,99,104,111],"retardation":[58],"dissociative":[59],"tendencies":[60],"typical":[62],"mentally":[63,101,105],"retarded":[64,102,106],"subjects":[65],"delay-difference":[67],"question":[68,71,81],"cognition-language":[70],"modularity.":[73],"Language":[74],"functioning:":[77],"critical":[79],"period":[80],"prelinguistic":[82],"lexical":[85],"thematic":[87],"semantics":[88],"morphosyntactic":[90],"regulations":[91],"adult-child":[92],"interaction":[93],"adults":[107],"ageing":[108],"retardation.":[113],"remediation:":[115],"dimensions":[116],"contents":[118],"efficiency":[120],"issue":[121],"alternative":[122],"augmentative":[124],"systems":[125],"communication":[127],"literary":[128],"training":[129],"memory":[130],"computer-enhanced":[133],"intervention.":[135],"Perspectives.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
