{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1726293003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118755341.ch12","title":"Platinum\u2010group metals","display_name":"Platinum\u2010group metals","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-12-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1726293003","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118755341.ch12","mag":"1726293003"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/9781118755341.ch12","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118755341.ch12","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118755341.ch12","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464293","display_name":"Wiley eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Critical Metals Handbook","raw_type":"other"},"volume":{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2506536751","display_name":"Critical Metals Handbook"},"type":"book-chapter","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000588006","display_name":"Gus Gunn","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139290333","display_name":"British Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/04a7gbp98","country_code":"GB","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139290333","https://openalex.org/I141816643","https://openalex.org/I4210087105"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gus Gunn","raw_affiliation_strings":["British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139290333"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000588006"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139290333"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4725,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86328725,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"284","last_page":"311"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11091","display_name":"Extraction and Separation Processes","score":0.8378999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11091","display_name":"Extraction and Separation Processes","score":0.8378999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11073","display_name":"Metal Extraction and Bioleaching","score":0.02500000037252903,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11933","display_name":"Mining and Resource Management","score":0.022099999710917473,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/platinum-group-metals","display_name":"platinum group metals","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nickel-copper-deposits","display_name":"nickel-copper deposits","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underground-mining-methods","display_name":"underground mining methods","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/catalytic-applications","display_name":"catalytic applications","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dna-damage","display_name":"DNA damage","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/allergenicity","display_name":"allergenicity","score":0.8209999799728394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C540285154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q751","display_name":"Osmium","level":4,"score":0.9127463102340698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781251403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223995","display_name":"Platinum group","level":4,"score":0.903185248374939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528581852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877","display_name":"Iridium","level":3,"score":0.8521687984466553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521398313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1087","display_name":"Rhodium","level":3,"score":0.8025553822517395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518104683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q880","display_name":"Platinum","level":3,"score":0.7852815389633179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555196967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1086","display_name":"Ruthenium","level":3,"score":0.6936275959014893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502130503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1089","display_name":"Palladium","level":3,"score":0.6748610138893127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.500685453414917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C504270822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744","display_name":"Nickel","level":2,"score":0.45783093571662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781311116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83306","display_name":"Group (periodic table)","level":2,"score":0.42702287435531616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.41878676414489746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.3554444909095764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.2918400764465332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.08707913756370544}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/9781118755341.ch12","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118755341.ch12","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118755341.ch12","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306464293","display_name":"Wiley eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Critical Metals Handbook","raw_type":"other"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321464","display_name":"British Geological Survey","ror":"https://ror.org/04a7gbp98"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W438499348","https://openalex.org/W638753518","https://openalex.org/W1525212908","https://openalex.org/W1566147461","https://openalex.org/W1981950497","https://openalex.org/W2002005281","https://openalex.org/W2006282642","https://openalex.org/W2011099527","https://openalex.org/W2022668390","https://openalex.org/W2045331383","https://openalex.org/W2051419011","https://openalex.org/W2053211191","https://openalex.org/W2057840721","https://openalex.org/W2100984035","https://openalex.org/W2115661181","https://openalex.org/W2161775344","https://openalex.org/W2330087281","https://openalex.org/W2900439935","https://openalex.org/W2917440117","https://openalex.org/W4391433796"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4393084220","https://openalex.org/W1552008727","https://openalex.org/W7163020434","https://openalex.org/W2502340247","https://openalex.org/W1990876867","https://openalex.org/W2776862122","https://openalex.org/W3149312366","https://openalex.org/W3169092951","https://openalex.org/W2586161592","https://openalex.org/W1546078216"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,61,84],"six":[1],"elements":[2],"of":[3,23,28,36,50,58,64,70,86,111],"the":[4,56,59,65,68,112],"platinum":[5,14],"group":[6],"\u2013":[7,15],"ruthenium,":[8],"rhodium,":[9],"palladium,":[10],"osmium,":[11],"iridium":[12],"and":[13,43,79,105,123,125],"are":[16,67,119],"referred":[17],"as":[18],"platinum-group":[19],"metals":[20],"(PGM).":[21],"Enrichment":[22],"PGM":[24,66,87,113,130],"occurs":[25],"in":[26,32,75,80,88,101],"deposits":[27],"several":[29],"types":[30],"developed":[31],"a":[33,48,98],"limited":[34],"range":[35],"geological":[37],"settings,":[38],"commonly":[39],"associated":[40],"with":[41,91],"nickel":[42],"copper.":[44],"Underground":[45],"extraction":[46],"uses":[47],"variety":[49],"standard":[51],"mining":[52],"methods":[53],"depending":[54],"on":[55],"characteristics":[57],"orebody.":[60],"catalytic":[62],"properties":[63],"basis":[69],"their":[71,92],"most":[72],"important":[73],"applications":[74],"emission":[76],"control":[77],"systems":[78],"industrial":[81],"process":[82],"catalysts.":[83],"durability":[85],"use,":[89],"combined":[90],"recent":[93],"high":[94],"prices,":[95],"has":[96,132],"ensured":[97],"growing":[99],"interest":[100],"using":[102],"them":[103,107],"efficiently":[104],"recycling":[106],"whenever":[108],"possible.":[109],"Some":[110],"compounds,":[114],"particularly":[115],"certain":[116],"PGM-chlorinated":[117],"salts,":[118],"both":[120],"highly":[121],"toxic":[122],"allergenic,":[124],"DNA":[126],"damage":[127],"due":[128],"to":[129],"exposure":[131],"been":[133],"reported.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
