{"id":"https://openalex.org/W170505837","doi":null,"title":"The Ongoing Influence of Lowland Scots, Irish and Ulster English on the Developing Varieties of Ulster Scots","display_name":"The Ongoing Influence of Lowland Scots, Irish and Ulster English on the Developing Varieties of Ulster Scots","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W170505837","mag":"170505837"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:170505837","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3023546","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764432600","display_name":"Scottish language","issn_l":"0264-0198","issn":["0264-0198"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scottish language","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"James Hale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9662-1853","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9662-1853"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"James Hale","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9662-1853","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"27","first_page":"81","last_page":"106"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11640","display_name":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","score":0.9018999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11640","display_name":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","score":0.9018999934196472,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14006","display_name":"Linguistics, Language Diversity, and Identity","score":0.04320000112056732,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13727","display_name":"Linguistic and Sociocultural Studies","score":0.041999999433755875,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ulster-scots","display_name":"Ulster-Scots","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scots-language","display_name":"Scots language","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-contact","display_name":"language contact","score":0.6430000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immigration-history","display_name":"immigration history","score":0.4410000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistic-conservatism","display_name":"linguistic conservatism","score":0.7770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scots-dialect","display_name":"Scots dialect","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-maintenance","display_name":"language maintenance","score":0.37400001287460327}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779307921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14549","display_name":"Scots","level":2,"score":0.9978206157684326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779128174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133128","display_name":"Scots pine","level":3,"score":0.7872673869132996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780623531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9142","display_name":"Irish","level":2,"score":0.7281026840209961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781291010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178580","display_name":"Period (music)","level":2,"score":0.5038332343101501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780129039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931107","display_name":"Section (typography)","level":2,"score":0.47318243980407715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189726812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1972557","display_name":"Scots law","level":4,"score":0.46741604804992676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.45217660069465637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4051152169704437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.32507243752479553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.15350773930549622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.139125794172287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.1388508677482605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.12910068035125732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.09590756893157959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.06572350859642029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.06174960732460022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140280474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846882","display_name":"Sources of law","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149209484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q741338","display_name":"Comparative law","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910048773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1924659","display_name":"Pinus <genus>","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:170505837","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=3023546","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764432600","display_name":"Scottish language","issn_l":"0264-0198","issn":["0264-0198"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Scottish language","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2046235210","https://openalex.org/W7134918448","https://openalex.org/W7112645533","https://openalex.org/W4389920959","https://openalex.org/W2132904418","https://openalex.org/W2788761819","https://openalex.org/W2294108002","https://openalex.org/W2547527777","https://openalex.org/W7072060339","https://openalex.org/W1487835170"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"1.":[0],"INTRODUCTION.":[1],"Within":[2],"a":[3,184,313,336,377,517],"contact-linguistic":[4],"framework,":[5],"this":[6,61,267,449,540,590],"paper":[7],"will":[8,38,68,125,146,181,218,279,427,568],"assess":[9],"the":[10,41,57,75,83,96,109,119,150,178,196,199,206,211,214,249,272,283,297,306,380,394,417,421,453,469,480,504,564,576,587],"linguistic":[11,78,172,507,566],"influence":[12,42,121,217,232,287],"of":[13,27,43,50,60,64,80,99,102,111,113,122,139,171,187,235,259,340,342,346,355,379,385,414,432,455,471,482,489,500,506,519,527,529,558,579,589],"Lowland":[14,123],"Scots":[15,29,32,52,115,124,145,156,237,261,333,415],"and":[16,33,77,157,161,201,274,363,366,420,435,474,491],"Irish":[17,190,364,422,436],"as":[18,72,90,169,269,312,376],"it":[19,91,278,310,372,426,513],"is":[20,88,335,350,484,514,542,572],"manifested":[21],"in":[22,142,174,195,239,315,353,393,399,440,444,539,548,556],"two":[23],"regionally":[24],"specific":[25],"varieties":[26,49,112,234,258],"Ulster":[28,31,35,44,51,54,67,81,114,135,144,155,215,236,260,285,291,332,347,381,456],"(North-Eastern":[30],"Donegal":[34,143,154,207,275],"Scots).":[36,55],"It":[37],"also":[39],"evaluate":[40],"English":[45,216,286,362,418,434],"within":[46],"supra-regional":[47],"'urban'":[48],"(Standardised":[53],"In":[56,210],"first":[58],"section":[59,180],"paper,":[62],"patterns":[63,488],"immigration":[65],"into":[66,133],"be":[69,126,147,167,203,219,280,374,428],"outlined":[70],"so":[71],"to":[73,130,149,205,223,247,263,266,452,461,468,575],"determine":[74],"demographic":[76],"composition":[79],"during":[82],"initial":[84],"settlement":[85],"period.":[86],"This":[87,164,221,244,571],"necessary":[89],"focuses":[92],"our":[93,466],"attention":[94,467],"on":[95,108,586],"varying":[97,400],"constitutions":[98],"different":[100,561],"parts":[101],"Ulster,":[103,302],"foundations":[104],"which":[105],"have":[106,256,438,450],"impacted":[107],"formation":[110,481],"seen":[116,375],"today.":[117],"Secondly,":[118],"innovative":[120,189],"illustrated":[127],"with":[128,183,271,412,524],"reference":[129],"features":[131,191,562],"introduced":[132],"North-Eastern":[134,273],"Scots.":[136,343],"The":[137,344],"absence":[138],"these":[140,304,386],"innovations":[141],"tied":[148],"respective":[151],"distances":[152],"between":[153,583],"other":[158,392],"western":[159,175],"varieties,":[160],"South-West":[162],"Scotland.":[163],"can":[165,202,373,464],"arguably":[166],"interpreted":[168],"evidence":[170],"conservatism":[173],"varieties.":[176,276],"However,":[177,277],"next":[179],"follow":[182],"contrasting":[185],"line":[186],"discussion:":[188],"are":[192,296,305],"more":[193],"conspicuous":[194],"west":[197],"than":[198],"east,":[200],"related":[204],"Gaeltacht's":[208],"proximity.":[209],"final":[212],"section,":[213],"addressed.":[220],"seems":[222],"lack":[224],"any":[225],"particular":[226,252],"regional":[227],"focus,":[228],"instead":[229],"exerting":[230],"an":[231,459],"over":[233],"found":[238,270],"urban":[240,284,299],"areas":[241],"throughout":[242,301],"Ulster.":[243,445],"might":[245],"appear":[246],"undermine":[248],"notion":[250],"that":[251,282,430,479,503,543,555],"historic":[253,293],"language":[254,294,544],"centres":[255,300],"influenced":[257],"according":[262],"their":[264],"proximity":[265],"source,":[268],"argued":[281],"illustrates":[288],"exactly":[289],"this.":[290],"English's":[292],"sources":[295],"multiple":[298],"because":[303],"very":[307],"locations":[308],"where":[309,383],"emerged":[311],"variety":[314],"itself.":[316],"2.":[317],"HISTORICAL":[318],"DEVELOPMENT:":[319],"SETTLEMENT,":[320],"DEMOGRAPHY":[321],"AND":[322,329],"LANGUAGE":[323],"IN":[324],"ULSTER.":[325],"2.1.":[326],"POPULATION":[327],"CONTRIBUTIONS":[328],"NEW-DIALECT":[330],"PROCESSES.":[331],"(1)":[334],"dialect":[337,549,559],"(or":[338],"set":[339],"dialects)":[341],"development":[345,454],"Scots,":[348,433],"however,":[349],"best":[351],"perceived":[352],"terms":[354],"not":[356],"one,":[357],"but":[358],"three":[359,408],"formative":[360],"stocks--Scots,":[361],"(Montgomery":[365],"Gregg":[367],"1997:":[368],"605).":[369],"As":[370,402],"such,":[371],"product":[378],"context,":[382],"speakers":[384,431],"languages":[387],"frequently":[388],"lived":[389],"alongside":[390],"each":[391],"same":[395,565],"geographic":[396],"areas,":[397],"albeit":[398],"proportions.":[401],"Braidwood":[403],"(1964:":[404],"5)":[405],"submits,":[406],"all":[407],"groups":[409],"commingled":[410],"'[...]":[411,515],"pockets":[413],"among":[416],"[...]":[419],"practically":[423],"everywhere'.":[424],"Therefore":[425],"assumed":[429],"would":[437,448],"been":[439],"contact,":[441,560],"once":[442],"settled":[443],"But":[446],"why":[447],"contributed":[451],"Scots?":[457],"For":[458],"answer":[460],"this,":[462],"we":[463],"direct":[465],"reasoning":[470],"Labov":[472],"(2001)":[473,498],"Trudgill":[475,551,592],"(2008),":[476],"who":[477,520],"say":[478],"new-dialects":[483],"largely":[485,573],"determined":[486],"by":[487],"contact":[490,545],"'interlocutor":[492],"frequencies'":[493],"(Labov":[494],"2001:":[495],"191).":[496],"Labov's":[497],"principle":[499],"density":[501,528],"indicates":[502],"diffusion":[505],"change":[508],"results":[509,547],"from":[510],"interlocutor":[511],"frequencies:":[512],"purely":[516],"matter":[518,526],"interacts":[521],"most":[522],"often":[523],"whom--a":[525],"communication'":[530],"(Trudgill":[531],"2008:":[532],"251,":[533],"my":[534],"emphasis).":[535],"An":[536],"underlying":[537],"assumption":[538],"view":[541],"necessarily":[546],"mixture:":[550],"(2008:":[552],"243)":[553],"argues":[554],"cases":[557],"for":[563],"variable":[567],"mix":[569],"together.":[570],"attributed":[574],"innate":[577],"process":[578],"mechanical":[580],"face-to-face":[581],"accommodation":[582],"speakers.":[584],"Commenting":[585],"direction":[588],"accommodation,":[591],"(2004:148)":[593],"submits":[594],"that:":[595],"[.":[596],"\u2026":[597]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
