{"id":"https://openalex.org/W17047","doi":null,"title":"Life Cycle Assessment of Microalgal Biodiesel and Policy Implications to Minimize Unintended Consequences","display_name":"Life Cycle Assessment of Microalgal Biodiesel and Policy Implications to Minimize Unintended Consequences","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-06-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W17047","mag":"17047"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:d-scholarship.pitt.edu:11639","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/11639/1/Soratana_Dissertation.pdf","pdf_url":"http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/11639/1/Soratana_Dissertation.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402372","display_name":"D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","host_organization_name":"University of Pittsburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/11639/1/Soratana_Dissertation.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054705257","display_name":"Kullapa Soratana","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kullapa Soratana","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054705257"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10476","display_name":"Algal biology and biofuel production","score":0.8949999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10476","display_name":"Algal biology and biofuel production","score":0.8949999809265137,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10435","display_name":"Environmental Impact and Sustainability","score":0.08349999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12003","display_name":"Bioenergy crop production and management","score":0.0031999999191612005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microalgae-biodiesel","display_name":"microalgae biodiesel","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co2-capture-from-flue-gas","display_name":"CO2 capture from flue gas","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eutrophication","display_name":"eutrophication","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/global-warming-potential","display_name":"global warming potential","score":0.953000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biofuel-policy","display_name":"biofuel policy","score":0.5130000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/greenhouse-gas-emissions","display_name":"greenhouse gas emissions","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-uncertainty-analysis","display_name":"Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis","score":0.7519999742507935}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7174282670021057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778706760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581950","display_name":"Life-cycle assessment","level":3,"score":0.7167668342590332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52896960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167947","display_name":"Biodiesel","level":3,"score":0.6314058899879456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.5601015686988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66910140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905957","display_name":"Biodiesel production","level":4,"score":0.5546252131462097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53991642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128991","display_name":"Biofuel","level":2,"score":0.5397502183914185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.5371798276901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46797941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5333900","display_name":"Ecotoxicity","level":3,"score":0.4747624397277832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156380964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18556","display_name":"Bioenergy","level":3,"score":0.4469171166419983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.43231403827667236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115540264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.4176720380783081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138171918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38423","display_name":"Diesel fuel","level":2,"score":0.4115059971809387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52208190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7313121","display_name":"Renewable fuels","level":3,"score":0.410690039396286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.4037521183490753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.3828388452529907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2802053689956665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.14968544244766235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29730261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274160","display_name":"Toxicity","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:d-scholarship.pitt.edu:11639","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/11639/1/Soratana_Dissertation.pdf","pdf_url":"http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/11639/1/Soratana_Dissertation.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402372","display_name":"D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","host_organization_name":"University of Pittsburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},{"id":"mag:17047","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/11639/","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:d-scholarship.pitt.edu:11639","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/11639/1/Soratana_Dissertation.pdf","pdf_url":"http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/11639/1/Soratana_Dissertation.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402372","display_name":"D-Scholarship@Pitt (University of Pittsburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","host_organization_name":"University of Pittsburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":1.0},{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9090999960899353}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2019234060","display_name":"Environmental Impacts of Next Generation Biofuels","funder_award_id":"0932606","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337390","display_name":"Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/0471zv972"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W17047.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W17047.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":91,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W990449","https://openalex.org/W119467697","https://openalex.org/W249670088","https://openalex.org/W345126768","https://openalex.org/W1484157512","https://openalex.org/W1495838320","https://openalex.org/W1548650423","https://openalex.org/W1570849029","https://openalex.org/W1599479871","https://openalex.org/W1904373622","https://openalex.org/W1937279395","https://openalex.org/W1966772273","https://openalex.org/W1969436789","https://openalex.org/W1970278385","https://openalex.org/W1974018829","https://openalex.org/W1976275502","https://openalex.org/W1978532063","https://openalex.org/W1983453478","https://openalex.org/W1984525573","https://openalex.org/W1988326426","https://openalex.org/W1989684209","https://openalex.org/W1990652627","https://openalex.org/W1997738728","https://openalex.org/W1998832350","https://openalex.org/W2001013123","https://openalex.org/W2001675998","https://openalex.org/W2001690825","https://openalex.org/W2001890098","https://openalex.org/W2002115218","https://openalex.org/W2002313809","https://openalex.org/W2007167297","https://openalex.org/W2007512558","https://openalex.org/W2012342557","https://openalex.org/W2018443092","https://openalex.org/W2019817940","https://openalex.org/W2021429484","https://openalex.org/W2024900147","https://openalex.org/W2031479190","https://openalex.org/W2032592188","https://openalex.org/W2032941809","https://openalex.org/W2042027369","https://openalex.org/W2045575519","https://openalex.org/W2046495385","https://openalex.org/W2046903500","https://openalex.org/W2048112239","https://openalex.org/W2049290577","https://openalex.org/W2050276978","https://openalex.org/W2050283989","https://openalex.org/W2051247537","https://openalex.org/W2056431793","https://openalex.org/W2057396845","https://openalex.org/W2058041078","https://openalex.org/W2068823529","https://openalex.org/W2071132308","https://openalex.org/W2071650948","https://openalex.org/W2075850201","https://openalex.org/W2075855373","https://openalex.org/W2076209159","https://openalex.org/W2076649442","https://openalex.org/W2078013379","https://openalex.org/W2078757488","https://openalex.org/W2082295645","https://openalex.org/W2082918727","https://openalex.org/W2084143870","https://openalex.org/W2084887599","https://openalex.org/W2086655264","https://openalex.org/W2100839207","https://openalex.org/W2100877085","https://openalex.org/W2102764178","https://openalex.org/W2105478495","https://openalex.org/W2105773455","https://openalex.org/W2116187211","https://openalex.org/W2117045545","https://openalex.org/W2118893427","https://openalex.org/W2119200038","https://openalex.org/W2122837127","https://openalex.org/W2124790961","https://openalex.org/W2126101520","https://openalex.org/W2128351481","https://openalex.org/W2139554559","https://openalex.org/W2148227357","https://openalex.org/W2153922477","https://openalex.org/W2159795615","https://openalex.org/W2166459621","https://openalex.org/W2182477567","https://openalex.org/W2243885391","https://openalex.org/W2334159862","https://openalex.org/W2398349684","https://openalex.org/W2399014155","https://openalex.org/W2481512947","https://openalex.org/W3200788958"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2048496720","https://openalex.org/W1968649730","https://openalex.org/W2056527549","https://openalex.org/W2417388456","https://openalex.org/W3110978783","https://openalex.org/W3018651870","https://openalex.org/W2323238341","https://openalex.org/W4362554948","https://openalex.org/W2113669404","https://openalex.org/W4402939639"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,98,217,287,352,365],"overall":[1],"goals":[2],"of":[3,10,23,41,47,75,80,86,104,118,131,140,196,206,227,243,292,329,354,367,385,393],"this":[4],"research":[5],"are":[6,199,234,254,321],"to":[7,17,30,92,134,145,150,155,172,236,251,274,308,314,382,403],"identify":[8,156],"forms":[9],"environmentally":[11],"friendly":[12],"microalgal":[13,48,76,81,141,168,330,342,369,386],"biodiesel":[14,49,142,169,331,387],"production":[15,37,74,158,170,191,384],"and":[16,38,89,128,154,189,193,201,203,248,259,284,306,318,332,336,374,378,390,398,416],"address":[18],"the":[19,24,36,39,66,73,102,116,129,147,157,174,180,207,211,224,231,267,275,327,368,383,405,413],"broader":[20],"policy":[21],"implications":[22],"Renewable":[25],"Fuel":[26],"Standard":[27],"2":[28],"(RFS2)":[29],"avoid":[31],"unintended":[32,310],"environmental":[33,70,152,301],"consequences":[34],"from":[35,72,106,120,165,266,277,334,346,356],"utilization":[40,103,117],"biofuels.":[42],"Life":[43],"cycle":[44],"assessment":[45],"(LCA)":[46],"was":[50,143,344],"conducted":[51,144],"using":[52],"a":[53,324],"process":[54,358],"LCA":[55,139,325],"model":[56],"with":[57,83,160,269,412],"Monte":[58],"Carlo":[59],"Analysis":[60],"(MCA)":[61],"for":[62,341],"uncertainty":[63],"analysis.":[64],"First,":[65],"study":[67],"focused":[68],"on":[69,326],"impacts":[71,153,164,271,276],"mass.":[77],"Twenty":[78],"scenarios":[79,171,186,209],"cultivation":[82,343],"different":[84,151,167,194,290],"sources":[85,195],"CO2,":[87],"nutrients":[88,119],"material":[90,132],"used":[91,133],"construct":[93,135],"photobioreactor":[94],"(PBR)":[95],"were":[96,182,272,338],"evaluated.":[97],"results":[99,233,265],"showed":[100],"that":[101,295],"CO2":[105,340,355],"flue":[107,347],"gas":[108,214,348],"only":[109],"reduces":[110,124],"global":[111],"warming":[112],"potential":[113,126,247,250,263],"(GWP),":[114],"while":[115],"municipal":[121],"wastewater":[122],"mainly":[123],"eutrophication":[125],"(EP),":[127],"selection":[130],"PBR":[136],"is":[137],"important.":[138],"evaluate":[146],"major":[148],"contributions":[149],"condition":[159],"minimal":[161,270],"impacts.":[162,418],"Environmental":[163],"four":[166,185,208],"achieve":[173],"biomass-based":[175],"diesel":[176,283,293],"quantity":[177],"required":[178],"by":[179,222,376],"RFS2":[181],"quantified.":[183],"These":[184],"included":[187],"lower":[188],"higher":[190],"efficiencies":[192],"resources,":[197],"which":[198],"synthetic,":[200],"natural":[202],"waste.":[204],"None":[205],"met":[210],"RFS\u2019s":[212],"greenhouse":[213],"emissions":[215,218],"requirement.":[216],"can":[219,371],"be":[220,396],"minimized":[221],"improving":[223],"energy":[225,237,407],"efficiency":[226],"harvesting":[228,240],"process,":[229],"since":[230],"GWP":[232,373,415],"sensitive":[235],"consumption":[238],"in":[239,401,409],"process.":[241],"Sensitivity":[242],"EP,":[244],"ozone":[245],"depletion":[246],"ecotoxicity":[249],"other":[252,278,300],"parameters":[253],"also":[255],"reported.":[256],"GWP,":[257,360],"EP":[258,305,317,375,417],"photochemical":[260],"smog":[261],"formation":[262],"(PSP)":[264],"scenario":[268],"compared":[273,381],"diesels,":[279],"petroleum":[280],"diesel,":[281],"soybean":[282],"canola":[285],"diesel.":[286],"tradeoffs":[288],"between":[289],"types":[291],"suggested":[294],"future":[296],"RFS":[297],"should":[298,395],"include":[299],"criteria":[302,320],"such":[303],"as":[304],"PSP":[307,319],"minimize":[309],"consequences.":[311],"Possible":[312],"strategies":[313],"setting":[315],"life-cycle":[316],"discussed.":[322],"Finally,":[323],"co-production":[328,366],"bioethanol":[333],"microalgae":[335,394],"corn":[337],"conducted.":[339],"provided":[345],"and/or":[349],"fermentation":[350,357],"processes.":[351],"recovery":[353],"decreases":[359],"but":[361],"slightly":[362],"increases":[363],"EP.":[364],"biofuels":[370,411],"reduce":[372],"54":[377],"52%,":[379],"respectively,":[380,400],"alone.":[388],"Lipid":[389],"carbohydrate":[391],"contents":[392],"24-36%":[397],"44%,":[399],"order":[402],"produce":[404],"maximum":[406],"content":[408],"algal":[410],"minimum":[414]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
