{"id":"https://openalex.org/W168489901","doi":null,"title":"The small, dense LDL phenotype and the risk of coronary heart disease: epidemiology, patho-physiology and therapeutic aspects.","display_name":"The small, dense LDL phenotype and the risk of coronary heart disease: epidemiology, patho-physiology and therapeutic aspects.","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W168489901","mag":"168489901","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10499189"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:10499189","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10499189","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diabetes & metabolism","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016257333","display_name":"Beno\u0131\u0302t Lamarche","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4443-5378","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4443-5378"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43406934","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Laval","ror":"https://ror.org/04sjchr03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43406934"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B Lamarche","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Laval University, Ste-Foy, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada. benoit.lamarche@crchul.ulaval.ca"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Laval University, Ste-Foy, Qu\u00e9bec, Canada. benoit.lamarche@crchul.ulaval.ca","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43406934"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009850665","display_name":"Isabelle Lemieux","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4723-9986","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4723-9986"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I Lemieux","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111990701","display_name":"JP Despr\u00e9s","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J P Despr\u00e9s","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.2881,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":280,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96036322,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"3","first_page":"199","last_page":"211"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.7964000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.7964000105857849,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10394","display_name":"Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health","score":0.19580000638961792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13430","display_name":"Lipid metabolism and disorders","score":0.005799999926239252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-dense-ldl","display_name":"small dense LDL","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coronary-heart-disease-risk","display_name":"coronary heart disease risk","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolic-syndrome","display_name":"metabolic syndrome","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/abdominal-obesity","display_name":"abdominal obesity","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypertriglyceridemia","display_name":"hypertriglyceridemia","score":0.9279999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hdl-cholesterol","display_name":"HDL cholesterol","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apolipoprotein-b","display_name":"apolipoprotein B","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/endothelial-dysfunction","display_name":"endothelial dysfunction","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thrombosis","display_name":"thrombosis","score":0.8569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ldl-particle-size","display_name":"LDL particle size","score":0.6790000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dyslipidemia","display_name":"dyslipidemia","score":0.7110000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weight-loss","display_name":"weight loss","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-risk-factors","display_name":"cardiovascular risk factors","score":0.597000002861023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777391703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053470","display_name":"Insulin resistance","level":3,"score":0.8499517440795898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6897056102752686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776919658","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1467339","display_name":"Hypertriglyceridemia","level":4,"score":0.6489688158035278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6358811259269714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780578515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657193","display_name":"Metabolic syndrome","level":3,"score":0.6042126417160034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777693730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1140549","display_name":"Abdominal obesity","level":4,"score":0.6009398698806763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.5733504295349121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.5361812710762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511355011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12174","display_name":"Obesity","level":2,"score":0.487856388092041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62746215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14890615","display_name":"Apolipoprotein B","level":3,"score":0.48559945821762085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50440223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1475848","display_name":"Risk factor","level":2,"score":0.45996788144111633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127716648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053","display_name":"Phenotype","level":3,"score":0.4597383737564087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.3599090576171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778163477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43656","display_name":"Cholesterol","level":2,"score":0.33647412061691284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.32750552892684937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.25010544061660767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778913445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186319","display_name":"Triglyceride","level":3,"score":0.17285415530204773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0835733413696289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.06562218070030212}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000960","descriptor_name":"Hypolipidemic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003327","descriptor_name":"Coronary Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003327","descriptor_name":"Coronary Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003327","descriptor_name":"Coronary Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003327","descriptor_name":"Coronary Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003430","descriptor_name":"Cross-Sectional Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006949","descriptor_name":"Hyperlipidemias","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006949","descriptor_name":"Hyperlipidemias","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006949","descriptor_name":"Hyperlipidemias","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008077","descriptor_name":"Lipoproteins, LDL","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008077","descriptor_name":"Lipoproteins, LDL","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012016","descriptor_name":"Reference Values","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019161","descriptor_name":"Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:10499189","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10499189","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Diabetes & metabolism","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:168489901","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10499189","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2782357291","https://openalex.org/W2085969497","https://openalex.org/W4241327470","https://openalex.org/W2040995722","https://openalex.org/W2152179912","https://openalex.org/W2073421603","https://openalex.org/W3102495059","https://openalex.org/W2104763948","https://openalex.org/W2407048735","https://openalex.org/W1981423656"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"More":[0],"than":[1,47],"decade":[2],"ago,":[3],"several":[4],"cross-sectional":[5],"studies":[6,31],"have":[7,32,151],"reported":[8],"differences":[9],"in":[10,51,180,298],"LDL":[11,41,59,107,131,174,197,216,248,304],"particle":[12,217,305],"size,":[13],"density":[14],"and":[15,23,82,96,167,171,214,284,307],"composition":[16],"between":[17],"coronary":[18],"heart":[19],"disease":[20],"(CHD)":[21],"patients":[22],"healthy":[24],"controls.":[25],"Three":[26],"recent":[27],"prospective,":[28],"nested":[29],"case-control":[30],"since":[33],"confirmed":[34],"that":[35,153,186,221],"the":[36,52,104,138,147,158,187,207,222,226,230,239,245,254,275,323],"presence":[37],"of":[38,54,86,91,124,142,157,161,190,209,229,241,256,274,286,322,325],"small,":[39,57,105,129,172,195,246],"dense":[40,58,106,130,173,196,247],"particles":[42,132,198],"was":[43],"associated":[44,127,192,243],"with":[45,128,193,244],"more":[46],"a":[48,84,177,203,251,320],"three-fold":[49],"increase":[50,179,303],"risk":[53,115,189,240],"CHD.":[55],"The":[56,122],"phenotype":[60,108,141],"rarely":[61],"occurs":[62],"as":[63,137,290],"an":[64,92,112],"isolated":[65],"disorder.":[66],"It":[67],"is":[68,328],"most":[69],"frequently":[70],"accompanied":[71],"by":[72,83,206],"hypertriglyceridemia,":[73],"reduced":[74],"HDL":[75],"cholesterol":[76],"levels,":[77,267],"abdominal":[78,143,212,287],"obesity,":[79],"insulin":[80,139,162,166,210,231,276],"resistance":[81,163,232,277],"series":[85],"other":[87],"metabolic":[88,125,227],"alterations":[89,228],"predictive":[90],"impaired":[93],"endothelial":[94],"function":[95],"increased":[97,188,215],"susceptibility":[98],"to":[99,118,136,202,296,309],"thrombosis.":[100],"Whether":[101],"or":[102],"not":[103,260],"should":[109,234,259],"be":[110,119,200,235],"considered":[111,236],"independent":[113],"CHD":[114,181,191,242,311],"factor":[116],"remains":[117],"clearly":[120],"established.":[121],"cluster":[123],"abnormalities":[126],"has":[133],"been":[134],"referred":[135],"resistance-dyslipidemic":[140],"obesity.":[144],"Results":[145],"from":[146],"Qu\u00e9bec":[148],"Cardiovascular":[149],"Study":[150],"indicated":[152],"individuals":[154],"displaying":[155],"three":[156],"numerous":[159],"features":[160,273],"(elevated":[164],"plasma":[165,265,315],"apolipoprotein":[168,316],"B":[169,317],"concentrations":[170],"particles)":[175,327],"showed":[176],"remarkable":[178],"risk.":[182],"Our":[183],"data":[184],"suggest":[185,220],"having":[194],"may":[199],"modulated":[201],"significant":[204],"extent":[205],"presence/absence":[208],"resistance,":[211],"obesity":[213],"concentration.":[218],"We":[219],"complex":[223],"interactions":[224],"among":[225],"syndrome":[233],"when":[237],"evaluating":[238],"phenotype.":[249],"From":[250],"therapeutic":[252],"standpoint,":[253],"treatment":[255],"this":[257],"condition":[258],"only":[261],"aim":[262],"at":[263,270],"reducing":[264],"triglyceride":[266,300],"but":[268],"also":[269,329],"improving":[271],"all":[272],"syndrome,":[278],"for":[279],"which":[280],"body":[281],"weight":[282],"loss":[283],"mobilization":[285],"fat":[288],"appear":[289],"key":[291],"elements.":[292],"Finally,":[293],"interventions":[294],"leading":[295],"reduction":[297],"fasting":[299],"levels":[301],"will":[302],"size":[306],"contribute":[308],"reduce":[310],"risk,":[312],"particularly":[313],"if":[314],"concentration":[318],"(as":[319],"surrogate":[321],"number":[324],"atherogenic":[326],"reduced.":[330]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}