{"id":"https://openalex.org/W16844576","doi":null,"title":"Polyethylene glycol\u2013coated and folic acid\u2013conjugated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles","display_name":"Polyethylene glycol\u2013coated and folic acid\u2013conjugated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-11-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W16844576","mag":"16844576"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:16844576","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/20641868","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306476456","display_name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information (US) eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information (US) eBooks","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"book","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027369782","display_name":"Liang Shan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8833-2514","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8833-2514"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109390","display_name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information","ror":"https://ror.org/02meqm098","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I2800548410","https://openalex.org/I4210109390"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liang Shan","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Biotechnology Information, NLM, NIH"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8833-2514","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Biotechnology Information, NLM, NIH","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109390"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027369782"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109390"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12405","display_name":"Characterization and Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles","score":0.9243000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12405","display_name":"Characterization and Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles","score":0.9243000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10063","display_name":"Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery","score":0.0348999984562397,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11279","display_name":"Lanthanide and Transition Metal Complexes","score":0.01140000019222498,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superparamagnetic-iron-oxide-nanoparticles","display_name":"superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polyethylene-glycol-coating","display_name":"polyethylene glycol coating","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/folic-acid-conjugation","display_name":"folic acid conjugation","score":0.9890000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mri-contrast-agents","display_name":"MRI contrast agents","score":0.9589999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/folate-receptor-1","display_name":"folate receptor 1","score":0.8399999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/targeted-drug-delivery","display_name":"targeted drug delivery","score":0.5659999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanoparticle-surface-modification","display_name":"nanoparticle surface modification","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/t2-relaxation","display_name":"T2 relaxation","score":0.4569999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-pool-imaging","display_name":"blood pool imaging","score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reticuloendothelial-system-clearance","display_name":"reticuloendothelial system clearance","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanoparticle-size-and-shape-effects","display_name":"nanoparticle size and shape effects","score":0.39500001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inhomogeneous-magnetic-field","display_name":"magnetic field inhomogeneity","score":0.40299999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776964284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410083","display_name":"Polyethylene glycol","level":2,"score":0.5782849192619324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155672457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61231","display_name":"Nanoparticle","level":2,"score":0.573593258857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46141821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402","display_name":"Nuclear magnetic resonance","level":1,"score":0.553717851638794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778889443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6073014","display_name":"Iron oxide nanoparticles","level":3,"score":0.5004847049713135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.49271371960639954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777697756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q721849","display_name":"Iron oxide","level":2,"score":0.4604218006134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557651011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1832","display_name":"Gadolinium","level":2,"score":0.45899680256843567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4469805359840393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87023908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3870166","display_name":"Magnetic nanoparticles","level":3,"score":0.427212119102478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23792430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122780","display_name":"Superparamagnetism","level":4,"score":0.42679864168167114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.20897957682609558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32546565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711","display_name":"Magnetization","level":3,"score":0.19580483436584473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.09622183442115784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.09085685014724731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:16844576","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://europepmc.org/article/MED/20641868","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306476456","display_name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information (US) eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"National Center for Biotechnology Information (US) eBooks","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2942469160","https://openalex.org/W93525299","https://openalex.org/W3119262624","https://openalex.org/W2022614080","https://openalex.org/W2030617586","https://openalex.org/W2064532393","https://openalex.org/W2049637242","https://openalex.org/W1918084191","https://openalex.org/W1976334931","https://openalex.org/W2755363584"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,62,164,420,573],"polyethylene":[1],"glycol":[2],"(PEG)\u2013coated":[3],"and":[4,97,99,114,119,148,153,191,216,243,249,277,298,314,322,359,368,413,416,473,512,529,551,560,571,646],"folic":[5],"acid":[6],"(FA)\u2013conjugated":[7],"superparamagnetic":[8],"iron":[9,146,150,165,228,239,256],"oxide":[10,229,240,257],"(SPIO)":[11],"nanoparticles":[12,131,166,201,225,241,258,262,305,374,536],"(SPIO-PEG-FA)":[13,537],"were":[14],"developed":[15,376,519],"by":[16,67,309,363,377,449,476,525],"Chen":[17],"et":[18,517],"al.":[19,518],"as":[20,205,237,266,338,642],"a":[21,133,144,154,246,267,284,500,520,577],"magnetic":[22,50,101,170,176,296,343],"resonance":[23,51,344],"imaging":[24,30,39,325,442,469,647],"(MRI)":[25],"contrast":[26,64,113,138,269,286,509,523],"agent":[27,287,524],"for":[28,319,593],"molecular":[29,198,441],"of":[31,47,103,121,135,143,156,197,283,328,348,395,405,439,480,495,505,534,548,587,597,632],"tumors":[32,353],"overexpressing":[33],"folate":[34,568,574,610,627,636],"receptor":[35,575],"(1).MRI":[36],"is":[37,42,65,184,288,402,423,443,515,576,582,591],"an":[38,60,227],"modality":[40],"that":[41,140,452,504,581,618],"used":[43,265,337,541],"to":[44,109,174,236,454,465,542,555,561],"construct":[45],"images":[46],"the":[48,56,68,71,79,81,87,92,100,104,111,117,180,195,310,349,356,364,379,385,396,399,406,428,432,478,492,496,506,508,527,532,544,549,557,563,567,594],"nuclear":[49,88],"(NMR)":[52],"signal,":[53],"primarily":[54],"from":[55,126,622],"hydrogen":[57],"atoms":[58],"in":[59,70,75,123,232,342,352,427,431,446,468,485,584,608],"object.":[61],"image":[63,112],"achieved":[66,403],"differences":[69],"NMR":[72,82,181],"signal":[73,83,182,421,494],"intensity":[74,84,183],"different":[76],"areas":[77],"within":[78],"object;":[80],"depends":[85],"on":[86,189,290,355,457,531],"density":[89],"(proton":[90],"spins),":[91],"relaxation":[93,279],"times":[94],"(T1,":[95],"T2,":[96],"T2*),":[98],"environment":[102],"tissues.":[105,435,459],"Contrast":[106],"agents":[107,139,341,382,397,648],"serve":[108],"enhance":[110],"thus":[115],"improve":[116],"sensitivity":[118],"specificity":[120],"MRI":[122,137,522],"mapping":[124],"information":[125],"tissues":[127,514],"(2,":[128,162,418],"3).":[129,419],"SPIO":[130,200,207,212,218,261,304,334,351,373,386,535],"comprise":[132],"class":[134],"novel":[136],"are":[141,202,234,253,263,306,316,335,375,605],"composed":[142],"ferric":[145],"(Fe3+)":[147],"ferrous":[149],"(Fe2+)":[151],"core":[152,230],"layer":[155],"dextran":[157],"or":[158,388,483],"other":[159],"polysaccharide":[160,251],"coating":[161],"4).":[163],"have":[167,638],"very":[168],"large":[169],"moment,":[171],"which":[172],"leads":[173],"local":[175],"field":[177],"inhomogeneity.":[178],"Consequently,":[179],"significantly":[185],"decreased,":[186],"appearing":[187],"dark":[188],"T2-":[190],"T2*-weighted":[192],"images.":[193],"On":[194],"basis":[196],"diameter,":[199],"commonly":[203],"classified":[204],"oral":[206],"(300":[208],"nm\u20133.5":[209],"\u00b5m),":[210],"polydisperse":[211],"(PSPIO,":[213],"50\u2013150":[214],"nm),":[215],"ultrasmall":[217],"(USPIO,":[219],"<50":[220],"nm).":[221],"In":[222,301,600,625],"addition,":[223,626],"USPIO":[224],"with":[226,245],"monocrystalline":[231,238],"nature":[233],"referred":[235],"(MION),":[242],"MION":[244],"chemically":[247],"cross-linked":[248,255],"aminated":[250],"shell":[252],"called":[254],"(CLIO)":[259],"(5).Clinically,":[260],"predominantly":[264],"T2/T2*":[268,278],"agent,":[270],"though":[271],"it":[272],"could":[273],"shorten":[274],"both":[275],"T1":[276],"processes.":[280],"Successful":[281],"application":[282],"SPIO-based":[285,440,521],"dependent":[289],"its":[291,390],"size,":[292],"size":[293],"distribution,":[294],"shape,":[295],"susceptibility,":[297],"surface":[299,387,411,533],"modification.":[300],"vivo,":[302],"nonspecific":[303,350],"mainly":[307],"captured":[308],"reticuloendothelial":[311],"system":[312],"(RES),":[313],"they":[315],"more":[317,425,502],"suitable":[318],"liver,":[320],"spleen,":[321],"lymph":[323],"node":[324],"(6).":[326],"Because":[327,631],"their":[329],"long":[330],"plasma":[331],"half-life":[332],"(hours),":[333],"also":[336,444],"blood":[339,545],"pool":[340],"angiography":[345],"(7).":[346],"Accumulation":[347],"relies":[354],"enhanced":[357],"permeation":[358],"retention":[360],"effect":[361],"defined":[362],"tumor's":[365],"leaky":[366],"vasculature":[367],"poor":[369],"lymphatic":[370],"drainage.":[371],"Specific":[372,393],"conjugating":[378],"respective":[380],"targeting":[381,477],"directly":[383],"onto":[384,389],"hydrophilic":[391],"coating.":[392],"accumulation":[394],"at":[398],"disease-specific":[400],"sites":[401,617],"because":[404],"target":[407,556],"overexpression":[408],"(often":[409],"cell":[410,564],"receptors)":[412],"receptor-mediated":[414],"endocytosis":[415,570],"recycling":[417],"decrease":[422],"much":[424],"obvious":[426],"lesions":[429],"than":[430,503],"surrounding":[433,499],"normal":[434,458,486,497,623],"An":[436],"inverse":[437],"strategy":[438,461],"applied":[445],"some":[447],"studies":[448],"designing":[450],"molecules":[451],"bind":[453],"targets":[455],"expressing":[456],"This":[460],"has":[462,628],"been":[463,639],"proven":[464],"be":[466],"valuable":[467],"pancreatic":[470],"ductal":[471],"adenocarcinomas":[472],"hepatocellular":[474],"carcinomas":[475],"receptors":[479,613],"bombesin,":[481],"cholecystokinin,":[482],"asialoglycoprotein":[484],"tissue":[487,498],"(8,":[488],"9).":[489],"By":[490],"decreasing":[491],"T2":[493],"tumor":[501,513,598,620],"tumor,":[507],"between":[510],"healthy":[511,603],"enhanced.Chen":[516],"immobilizing":[526],"PEG":[528,539],"FA":[530,552],"(1).":[538],"was":[540,553],"increase":[543,562],"circulation":[546],"time":[547],"nanoparticles,":[550],"designed":[554],"cancer":[558],"cells":[559,604,621],"internalization":[565],"via":[566],"receptor\u2013mediated":[569],"recycling.":[572],"high-affinity,":[578],"glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored":[579],"protein":[580],"overexpressed":[583],"various":[585],"types":[586],"human":[588],"tumors.":[589],"Folate":[590,612],"vital":[592],"rapid":[595],"proliferation":[596],"cells.":[599,624],"contrast,":[601],"nonproliferating":[602],"severely":[606],"restricted":[607],"possessing":[609],"receptors.":[611],"provide":[614],"highly":[615],"selective":[616],"differentiate":[619],"no":[629],"immunotoxicity.":[630],"these":[633],"unique":[634],"features,":[635],"conjugates":[637],"intensively":[640],"investigated":[641],"drugs,":[643],"drug":[644],"carriers,":[645],"(10-12).":[649]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-08T07:41:36.138363","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}