{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1680431986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1482.157330","title":"Enhancement of the cytotoxic effects of Cytarabine in synergism with Hesperidine and Silibinin in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: An in-vitro approach","display_name":"Enhancement of the cytotoxic effects of Cytarabine in synergism with Hesperidine and Silibinin in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: An in-vitro approach","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1680431986","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1482.157330","mag":"1680431986","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26148599"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4103/0973-1482.157330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1482.157330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1482.157330","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S53738828","display_name":"Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics","issn_l":"1998-4138","issn":["1998-4138","0973-1482"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W1680431986"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1482.157330","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038251312","display_name":"Rakesh Rawal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7985-1187","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7985-1187"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135230010","display_name":"Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/015bxyv30","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135230010"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"RakeshM Rawal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Cancer Biology and Medical Oncology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Cancer Biology and Medical Oncology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135230010"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105512174","display_name":"Urja Desai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1509-935X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1509-935X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135230010","display_name":"Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/015bxyv30","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135230010"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"UrjaN Desai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Cancer Biology and Medical Oncology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Cancer Biology and Medical Oncology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135230010"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"KrupaP Shah","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135230010","display_name":"Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/015bxyv30","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135230010"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"KrupaP Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Cancer Biology and Medical Oncology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Cancer Biology and Medical Oncology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135230010"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063905658","display_name":"Sheefa Mirza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0870-0901","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0870-0901"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114173286","display_name":"Gujarat University","ror":"https://ror.org/017f2w007","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114173286"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"SheefaH Mirza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Life Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Life Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114173286"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"DarshilK Panchal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"DarshilK Panchal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmacology, Lallubhai Motilal College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmacology, Lallubhai Motilal College of Pharmacy, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109888739","display_name":"SoniaK Parikh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135230010","display_name":"Gujarat Cancer & Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/015bxyv30","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135230010"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"SoniaK Parikh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Cancer Biology and Medical Oncology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Cancer Biology and Medical Oncology, The Gujarat Cancer and Research Institute, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135230010"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038251312"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135230010"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7654,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84812947,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"2","first_page":"352","last_page":"352"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10309","display_name":"Acute Myeloid Leukemia Research","score":0.6460000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2720","display_name":"Hematology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10309","display_name":"Acute Myeloid Leukemia Research","score":0.6460000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2720","display_name":"Hematology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12582","display_name":"Flavonoids in Medical Research","score":0.2694999873638153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12689","display_name":"Silymarin and Mushroom Poisoning","score":0.042100001126527786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acute-myeloid-leukemia","display_name":"acute myeloid leukemia","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytarabine","display_name":"cytarabine","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hesperidin","display_name":"hesperidin","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silibinin","display_name":"silibinin","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-synergy","display_name":"drug synergy","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-resistance","display_name":"drug resistance","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytotoxicity","display_name":"cytotoxicity","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combination-therapy","display_name":"combination therapy","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-compounds","display_name":"natural compounds","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antileukemic-activity","display_name":"antileukemic activity","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combination-index","display_name":"combination index","score":0.7590000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777130413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425702","display_name":"Silibinin","level":2,"score":0.8834822773933411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778041864","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180983","display_name":"Cytarabine","level":3,"score":0.8262500762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778729363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11688946","display_name":"Myeloid leukemia","level":2,"score":0.8031926155090332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.5881013870239258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154317977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376266","display_name":"Cytotoxic T cell","level":3,"score":0.5679904222488403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.5592397451400757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.45731115341186523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778461978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29496","display_name":"Leukemia","level":2,"score":0.45658817887306213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4145898222923279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.37069937586784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.24630701541900635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.11532413959503174}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077385","descriptor_name":"Silybin","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000970","descriptor_name":"Antineoplastic Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001853","descriptor_name":"Bone Marrow","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003561","descriptor_name":"Cytarabine","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004354","descriptor_name":"Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004357","descriptor_name":"Drug Synergism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006569","descriptor_name":"Hesperidin","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012838","descriptor_name":"Silymarin","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014407","descriptor_name":"Tumor Cells, Cultured","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015470","descriptor_name":"Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4103/0973-1482.157330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1482.157330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1482.157330","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S53738828","display_name":"Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics","issn_l":"1998-4138","issn":["1998-4138","0973-1482"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:26148599","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26148599","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of cancer research and therapeutics","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4103/0973-1482.157330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1482.157330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-1482.157330","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S53738828","display_name":"Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics","issn_l":"1998-4138","issn":["1998-4138","0973-1482"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Cancer Research and Therapeutics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2344022151","https://openalex.org/W2946556966","https://openalex.org/W2132969433","https://openalex.org/W2939609429","https://openalex.org/W2583311389","https://openalex.org/W3093423760","https://openalex.org/W3107427950","https://openalex.org/W2039238951","https://openalex.org/W2618910450","https://openalex.org/W4321487956"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVES:":[0],"Acute":[1],"Myeloid":[2],"Leukemia":[3],"(AML)":[4],"therapy":[5,240],"continues":[6],"to":[7,18,32,38,47,56,60,81,111,132,139,166],"be":[8,102,236],"a":[9,39],"daunting":[10],"challenge.":[11],"Cytosine":[12],"Arabinoside":[13],"(Ara-C)":[14],"is":[15],"widely":[16],"used":[17,69,103,131,237],"treat":[19,82],"hematological":[20],"malignancy":[21],"in":[22,72,104,117,158,243],"humans,":[23],"but":[24],"often":[25],"becomes":[26],"ineffective":[27],"because":[28],"of":[29,95,142,185,219],"increased":[30],"resistance":[31,54],"the":[33,49,109,215],"drug":[34,53,118],"which":[35],"may":[36,235],"lead":[37],"worse":[40],"prognosis.":[41],"Therefore":[42],"new":[43,58],"strategies":[44],"are":[45],"needed":[46],"understand":[48],"mechanism":[50],"responsible":[51],"for":[52,238],"and":[55,83,87,97,100,115,136,151,157,187,198,207,213,223],"develop":[57,133],"therapies":[59],"overcome":[61],"it.":[62],"Research":[63],"evidence":[64],"based":[65],"on":[66],"natural":[67,228],"compounds":[68,229],"alone":[70,156,241],"or":[71,242],"combination":[73,105,159,244],"with":[74,106,108,160,245],"current":[75],"chemotherapeutic":[76,247],"agents":[77],"proved":[78],"their":[79,190],"efficacy":[80],"prevent":[84],"cancer.":[85],"Hesperidin":[86,147,186,206],"Silibinin":[88,152,188,208],"displayed":[89],"anti-cancer":[90],"activity":[91,233],"against":[92],"various":[93,140],"types":[94],"cancers":[96],"cell":[98],"lines":[99],"can":[101],"Cytarabine":[107,143,161,220],"aim":[110],"increase":[112],"cytotoxicy":[113],"profile":[114],"reduction":[116],"resistance.":[119],"Experimental":[120],"Work:":[121],"Primary":[122],"cells":[123],"obtained":[124],"from":[125],"AML":[126,239],"patient's":[127],"bone":[128],"marrow":[129],"were":[130],"in-vitro":[134],"model":[135],"further":[137],"exposed":[138],"concentration":[141],"(10":[144],"nM-5000":[145],"nM),":[146],"(0.5":[148,153],"\u03bcM-100":[149,154],"\u03bcM)":[150,155,165],"(Hesperidin-25":[162],"\u03bcM,":[163,200],"Silibinin10":[164],"check":[167],"cytotoxicity":[168,191],"using":[169],"MTT":[170],"assay.":[171],"Synergistic":[172],"effect":[173],"was":[174],"evaluated":[175],"by":[176,221],"Combination":[177,202],"Index":[178,203],"method.":[179],"RESULT":[180],"AND":[181],"CONCLUSION:":[182],"In-vitro":[183],"study":[184,204],"indicated":[189],"at":[192],"IC":[193,216],"50":[194,217],"value":[195,218],"50.12":[196],"\u03bcM":[197],"16.2":[199],"respectively.":[201,226],"revealed":[205],"both":[209],"showed":[210,230],"synergistic":[211],"potential":[212,231],"decreased":[214],"~5.9":[222],"~4.5":[224],"folds,":[225],"Both":[227],"anti-leukemic":[232],"hence":[234],"other":[246],"agents.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
