{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1680240937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22099/ijvr.2014.2536","title":"The effect of the extracts of Echinacea purpurea and Sambucus nigra (black elderberry) on virus shedding in H9N2 avian influenza infected chickens.","display_name":"The effect of the extracts of Echinacea purpurea and Sambucus nigra (black elderberry) on virus shedding in H9N2 avian influenza infected chickens.","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1680240937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22099/ijvr.2014.2536","mag":"1680240937"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:1680240937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22099/ijvr.2014.2536","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/20143422704.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19206513","display_name":"Majallah-i ta\u1e25q\u012bq\u0101t-i d\u0101mpizishk\u012b-i \u012br\u0101n","issn_l":"1728-1997","issn":["1728-1997","2252-0589"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319040","host_organization_name":"Shiraz University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319040"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Shiraz University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Majallah-i ta\u1e25q\u012bq\u0101t-i d\u0101mpizishk\u012b-i \u012br\u0101n","raw_type":null},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W1680240937"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028713445","display_name":"Sadegh Karimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4998-8422","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4998-8422","https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5036-2526"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sadegh Karimi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5036-2526","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032307928","display_name":"Habibollah Dadras","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0140-9882","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0140-9882"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. Dadras","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0140-9882","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ali Mohammadi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Mohammadi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2252,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.54258194,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"3","first_page":"256","last_page":"261"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10167","display_name":"Influenza Virus Research Studies","score":0.5961999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10167","display_name":"Influenza Virus Research Studies","score":0.5961999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13483","display_name":"Herbal Medicine Research Studies","score":0.396699994802475,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2707","display_name":"Complementary and alternative medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14521","display_name":"Medicinal Plant Research","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/echinacea-purpurea","display_name":"Echinacea purpurea","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sambucus-nigra","display_name":"Sambucus nigra","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/h9n2-avian-influenza-virus","display_name":"H9N2 avian influenza virus","score":0.972000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-shedding","display_name":"viral shedding","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broiler-chickens","display_name":"broiler chickens","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amantadine","display_name":"amantadine","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prophylaxis","display_name":"prophylaxis","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/poultry-influenza","display_name":"poultry influenza","score":0.34700000286102295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776709541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22701","display_name":"Sambucus nigra","level":3,"score":0.8863546252250671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.8186935186386108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32611913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2166189","display_name":"Titer","level":3,"score":0.7227846384048462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.6984431147575378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778225391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249907","display_name":"Echinacea (animal)","level":2,"score":0.6370585560798645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12914427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7933612","display_name":"Viral shedding","level":3,"score":0.6250077486038208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61716771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q496","display_name":"Feces","level":2,"score":0.6068093180656433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.5889574885368347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777374534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409761","display_name":"Amantadine","level":2,"score":0.5545734167098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778692840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9136673","display_name":"Hemagglutinin (influenza)","level":3,"score":0.5055046081542969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777546802","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q834390","display_name":"Influenza A virus","level":3,"score":0.42802631855010986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180032290","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1664296","display_name":"Inoculation","level":2,"score":0.41052478551864624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.3872605264186859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.15045300126075745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780758401","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408693","display_name":"Lectin","level":2,"score":0.07463160157203674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"mag:1680240937","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22099/ijvr.2014.2536","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.cabdirect.org/abstracts/20143422704.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19206513","display_name":"Majallah-i ta\u1e25q\u012bq\u0101t-i d\u0101mpizishk\u012b-i \u012br\u0101n","issn_l":"1728-1997","issn":["1728-1997","2252-0589"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319040","host_organization_name":"Shiraz University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319040"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Shiraz University"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Majallah-i ta\u1e25q\u012bq\u0101t-i d\u0101mpizishk\u012b-i \u012br\u0101n","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3108403999","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.magiran.com/paper/1344792","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9476000070571899},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger","score":0.40450000762939453}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W167605288","https://openalex.org/W1536784596","https://openalex.org/W1958830212","https://openalex.org/W1978585070","https://openalex.org/W1990306360","https://openalex.org/W2004139298","https://openalex.org/W2026197493","https://openalex.org/W2029537513","https://openalex.org/W2052991794","https://openalex.org/W2058026315","https://openalex.org/W2082672494","https://openalex.org/W2087775289","https://openalex.org/W2092560015","https://openalex.org/W2094005687","https://openalex.org/W2105264763","https://openalex.org/W2112819057","https://openalex.org/W2114506463","https://openalex.org/W2121782636","https://openalex.org/W2122168656","https://openalex.org/W2123420960","https://openalex.org/W2148734478","https://openalex.org/W2151062626","https://openalex.org/W2151452435","https://openalex.org/W2154047132","https://openalex.org/W2154403354","https://openalex.org/W2157177671","https://openalex.org/W2166050522","https://openalex.org/W2168236157","https://openalex.org/W2178959813"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W429272086","https://openalex.org/W2501338698","https://openalex.org/W2805479737","https://openalex.org/W6942148027","https://openalex.org/W2081962576","https://openalex.org/W3118848644","https://openalex.org/W2324641900","https://openalex.org/W4285806248","https://openalex.org/W2917047071","https://openalex.org/W7096139875"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Summary":[0],"Previous":[1],"studies":[2],"have":[3],"shown":[4],"antiviral":[5,23],"effect":[6,24],"of":[7,25,39,56,68,82,90,108,133,152,157,164,174,191],"Echinacea":[8,40,207],"and":[9,34,43,61,86,114,130,186,199,208,220],"elderberry":[10,209],"preparations":[11],"against":[12],"human":[13],"influenza":[14,31],"viruses":[15],"in":[16,21,49,70,87,111,145,167,177,195,211],"vitro.":[17],"To":[18],"investigate":[19],"the":[20,57,83,99,109,127,134,150,153,161,165,175,178],"vivo":[22],"these":[26],"herbs":[27],"on":[28,136],"avian":[29],"H9N2":[30,54,215],"virus,":[32],"amantadine":[33,62,185],"two":[35],"standardized":[36],"commercial":[37],"extracts":[38,210],"purpurea":[41],"(EF)":[42],"Sambucus":[44],"nigra":[45],"(SAM)":[46],"were":[47,63,116],"used":[48],"broiler":[50],"chickens":[51,69],"infected":[52],"with":[53,184],"strain":[55],"virus.":[58],"EF,":[59],"SAM":[60,187],"added":[64],"to":[65,197],"drinking":[66],"water":[67],"different":[71],"groups":[72],"for":[73,92],"7":[74],"days":[75,94,97,169],"starting":[76,95],"8":[77],"h":[78],"after":[79],"intranasal":[80],"inoculation":[81],"challenged":[84,124],"virus":[85,110,135,141,166,176,216],"prophylaxis":[88],"group":[89,125,148],"EF":[91,158],"10":[93],"5":[96],"before":[98],"challenge":[100],"time.":[101],"During":[102],"post":[103],"infection":[104],"(PI)":[105],"days,":[106],"titer":[107,132,163,173],"tracheal":[112,131,179,192],"mucosa":[113],"faeces":[115],"quantified":[117],"using":[118,206],"quantitative":[119],"real-time":[120],"PCR.":[121],"The":[122,140],"untreated":[123,198],"showed":[126],"highest":[128],"faecal":[129,162],"day":[137],"3":[138],"PI.":[139,170],"was":[142,181],"not":[143],"detected":[144],"negative":[146],"control":[147],"during":[149],"course":[151],"experiment.":[154],"Prophylaxis":[155],"administration":[156],"considerably":[159],"reduced":[160,189],"all":[168],"Although":[171],"overall":[172],"samples":[180,194],"low,":[182],"treatment":[183],"apparently":[188],"quantity":[190],"positive":[193],"comparison":[196],"EF-treated":[200],"groups.":[201],"This":[202],"study":[203],"indicates":[204],"that":[205],"chicken":[212],"can":[213],"reduce":[214],"shedding":[217],"from":[218],"trachea":[219],"faeces.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}