{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1677418304","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.281.5377.658","title":"All You Need Is RNA","display_name":"All You Need Is RNA","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-07-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1677418304","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.281.5377.658","mag":"1677418304","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9714675"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.281.5377.658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.281.5377.658","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.281.5377.658","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026856074","display_name":"PAUL R. SCHIMMEL","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0448-022X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0448-022X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123431417","display_name":"Scripps Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02dxx6824","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123431417"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul Schimmel","raw_affiliation_strings":["The authors are at the Scripps Research Institute, Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA","The authors are at the Scripps Research Institute, Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. E-mail: schimmel@scripps.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The authors are at the Scripps Research Institute, Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123431417"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The authors are at the Scripps Research Institute, Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. E-mail: schimmel@scripps.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123431417"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049669217","display_name":"Rebecca W. Alexander","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9159-6991","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9159-6991"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123431417","display_name":"Scripps Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02dxx6824","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123431417"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rebecca Alexander","raw_affiliation_strings":["The authors are at the Scripps Research Institute, Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA","The authors are at the Scripps Research Institute, Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. E-mail: schimmel@scripps.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The authors are at the Scripps Research Institute, Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123431417"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The authors are at the Scripps Research Institute, Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. E-mail: schimmel@scripps.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123431417"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123431417"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.8283,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84522942,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"281","issue":"5377","first_page":"658","last_page":"659"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11445","display_name":"Origins and Evolution of Life","score":0.9272000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11445","display_name":"Origins and Evolution of Life","score":0.9272000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10521","display_name":"RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms","score":0.07209999859333038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11764","display_name":"Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peptide-bond-formation","display_name":"peptide bond formation","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/origin-of-life","display_name":"origin of life","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ribozymes","display_name":"ribozymes","score":0.4970000088214874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67705224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11053","display_name":"RNA","level":3,"score":0.544444739818573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.3871005177497864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.357472687959671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.2468762993812561},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.13951826095581055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.08666813373565674}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000926","descriptor_name":"Anticodon","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003062","descriptor_name":"Codon","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004926","descriptor_name":"Escherichia coli","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009690","descriptor_name":"Nucleic Acid Conformation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010452","descriptor_name":"Peptide Biosynthesis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010458","descriptor_name":"Peptidyl Transferases","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012270","descriptor_name":"Ribosomes","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012329","descriptor_name":"RNA, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012329","descriptor_name":"RNA, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012338","descriptor_name":"RNA, Ribosomal, 23S","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012338","descriptor_name":"RNA, Ribosomal, 23S","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012346","descriptor_name":"RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012346","descriptor_name":"RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013698","descriptor_name":"Templates, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1126/science.281.5377.658","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.281.5377.658","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1126/science.281.5377.658","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3880285","display_name":"Science","issn_l":"0036-8075","issn":["0036-8075","0193-4511","1095-9203"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315823","host_organization_name":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315823"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association for the Advancement of Science"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9714675","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9714675","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Science (New York, N.Y.)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W594787226","https://openalex.org/W1442834576","https://openalex.org/W1504062513","https://openalex.org/W1659671958","https://openalex.org/W1989794771","https://openalex.org/W2023880708","https://openalex.org/W2028528516","https://openalex.org/W2050110866","https://openalex.org/W2057924122","https://openalex.org/W2093091879","https://openalex.org/W2098271534","https://openalex.org/W2109719703","https://openalex.org/W2161417667","https://openalex.org/W2324746452","https://openalex.org/W6738234876"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2100776285","https://openalex.org/W4413786235","https://openalex.org/W4323354604","https://openalex.org/W2736217492","https://openalex.org/W4280592279","https://openalex.org/W4255511320","https://openalex.org/W4289130397","https://openalex.org/W4319812194","https://openalex.org/W7164386042","https://openalex.org/W2003260826"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"What":[0],"does":[1],"it":[2],"take":[3],"to":[4,9],"string":[5],"amino":[6],"acids":[7],"together":[8],"form":[10],"a":[11,71],"protein?":[12],"This":[13,37],"essential":[14],"process":[15],"of":[16,19,73,92],"life,":[17],"synthesis":[18],"peptide":[20],"bonds,":[21],"can":[22],"be":[23],"accomplished":[24],"by":[25,40],"naked":[26],"RNA":[27,87],"molecules,":[28],"as":[29],"Schimmel":[30],"and":[31],"Alexander":[32],"explain":[33],"in":[34,66,82],"their":[35],"Perspective.":[36],"notion,":[38],"bolstered":[39],"the":[41,75,90],"results":[42],"of\n":[43],"Nitta\n":[53],"et":[60],"al.":[61],"this":[67],"week9s":[68],"issue,":[69],"paints":[70],"picture":[72],"how":[74],"first":[76],"proteins":[77],"may":[78],"have":[79],"been":[80],"synthesized":[81],"an":[83],"ancient":[84],"world":[85],"where":[86],"molecules":[88],"were":[89],"precursors":[91],"life.":[93]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}