{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1676582196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198534907.001.0001","title":"Knots and Quantum Gravity","display_name":"Knots and Quantum Gravity","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-08-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1676582196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198534907.001.0001","mag":"1676582196"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/oso/9780198534907.001.0001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198534907.001.0001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198534907.001.0001","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"},"volume":null,"type":"book","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":15.651,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":159,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99473684,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11415","display_name":"Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories","score":0.9613999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11415","display_name":"Noncommutative and Quantum Gravity Theories","score":0.9613999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10304","display_name":"Geometric and Algebraic Topology","score":0.01730000041425228,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2608","display_name":"Geometry and Topology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11960","display_name":"Relativity and Gravitational Theory","score":0.013199999928474426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-gravity","display_name":"quantum gravity","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knot-theory","display_name":"knot theory","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/link-invariants","display_name":"link invariants","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loop-representation","display_name":"loop representation","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ashtekar-variables","display_name":"Ashtekar variables","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-general-relativity","display_name":"quantum general relativity","score":0.8579999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint-equations","display_name":"constraint equations","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spin-networks","display_name":"spin networks","score":0.46700000762939453}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108568745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234181","display_name":"Quantum gravity","level":3,"score":0.8195996284484863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58801389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739962","display_name":"Loop quantum gravity","level":4,"score":0.6703145503997803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147452769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11452","display_name":"General relativity","level":2,"score":0.639541745185852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780343955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333173","display_name":"Surprise","level":2,"score":0.6039085388183594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18362","display_name":"Theoretical physics","level":1,"score":0.5615209937095642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.5000166893005371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124017977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11412","display_name":"Gravitation","level":2,"score":0.4236259162425995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.38184988498687744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777686260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q144037","display_name":"Calculus (dental)","level":2,"score":0.3391089141368866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3235752582550049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.20931324362754822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.2054513394832611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.1791253387928009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/oso/9780198534907.001.0001","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198534907.001.0001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198534907.001.0001","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"book"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7096020512","https://openalex.org/W2103592272","https://openalex.org/W3159687479","https://openalex.org/W2949341344","https://openalex.org/W2134089624","https://openalex.org/W7098714350","https://openalex.org/W3021895821","https://openalex.org/W7119247016","https://openalex.org/W2075198574","https://openalex.org/W7101060640"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"In":[1],"the":[2,19,64,82,94,108,117,126,144,149],"mid-1980's,":[3],"Abhay":[4],"Ashtekar":[5],"discovered":[6],"a":[7,25,39,59,91,111,176],"reformulation":[8],"of":[9,14,28,44,61,67,71,76,84,110,119,125,148,189],"general":[10,46],"relativity":[11],"in":[12,31,48,114,133],"terms":[13],"what":[15],"are":[16],"now":[17],"called":[18],"\"new":[20],"variables\".":[21],"This":[22,105,162],"led":[23],"to":[24,63,129,183],"rapid":[26],"series":[27],"developments,":[29],"and":[30,35,81,86,136,139,172,180],"1990":[32],"Carlo":[33],"Rovelli":[34],"Lee":[36],"Smolin":[37],"published":[38],"paper":[40],"entitled":[41],"\"Loop":[42],"representation":[43],"quantum":[45,68,79,137],"relativity\",":[47],"which,":[49],"among":[50],"other":[51],"things,":[52],"it":[53],"was":[54,128],"shown":[55],"that":[56],"there":[57],"is":[58,107],"space":[60],"solutions":[62],"constraint":[65],"equations":[66],"gravity":[69,80,138],"consisting":[70],"link":[72],"invariants.":[73],"The":[74,123],"discovery":[75],"relations":[77],"between":[78,143],"theory":[83,135],"knots":[85],"links":[87],"came":[88],"as":[89,99,167,169,175],"quite":[90,100],"surprise,":[92],"since":[93],"topics":[95],"had":[96],"been":[97],"regarded":[98],"remote":[101],"from":[102],"each":[103],"other.":[104],"volume":[106,163],"proceedings":[109],"workshop":[112,127],"held":[113],"1993":[115],"at":[116,121],"University":[118],"California":[120],"Riverside.":[122],"purpose":[124],"bring":[130],"together":[131],"researchers":[132,154],"knot":[134],"form":[140],"more":[141],"bridges":[142],"two":[145],"subjects.":[146,161],"Most":[147],"talks":[150],"were":[151],"given":[152],"by":[153],"whose":[155],"work":[156],"has":[157],"significance":[158],"for":[159,178],"both":[160],"contains":[164],"expository":[165],"papers":[166],"well":[168],"new":[170],"results,":[171],"should":[173],"serve":[174],"guide":[177],"mathematicians":[179],"physicists":[181],"seeking":[182],"understand":[184],"this":[185],"rapidly":[186],"developing":[187],"area":[188],"research.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}