{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1675786196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.899085","title":"Government Patenting and Technology Transfer","display_name":"Government Patenting and Technology Transfer","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1675786196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.899085","mag":"1675786196"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.899085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.899085","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.899085","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.899085","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087807082","display_name":"Paul W. Heisey","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1335884394","display_name":"Economic Research Service","ror":"https://ror.org/05ycxzd89","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1335884394","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336096307","display_name":"United States Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paul Heisey","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) - Economic Research Service (ERS), 355 E Street, SW, Washington, DC 20024-3221, United States","U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) \u2013 Economic Research Service (ERS)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) - Economic Research Service (ERS), 355 E Street, SW, Washington, DC 20024-3221, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335884394","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) \u2013 Economic Research Service (ERS)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335884394","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069339738","display_name":"Kelly A. Day-Rubenstein","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1335884394","display_name":"Economic Research Service","ror":"https://ror.org/05ycxzd89","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1335884394","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336096307","display_name":"United States Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kelly Day-Rubenstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) - Economic Research Service (ERS), 355 E Street, SW, Washington, DC 20024-3221, United States","U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) \u2013 Economic Research Service (ERS)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) - Economic Research Service (ERS), 355 E Street, SW, Washington, DC 20024-3221, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335884394","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) \u2013 Economic Research Service (ERS)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335884394","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102715281","display_name":"John Leslie King","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4947-0241","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4947-0241"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84218800","display_name":"University of California, Davis","ror":"https://ror.org/05rrcem69","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John L. King","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Apt 153, Davis, CA 95616, United States","university of california, davis"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4947-0241","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Apt 153, Davis, CA 95616, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"university of california, davis","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84218800"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087807082"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335884394","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10856","display_name":"Intellectual Property and Patents","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14185","display_name":"Research, Science, and Academia","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13842","display_name":"Intellectual Property Law","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technology-transfer","display_name":"technology transfer","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/patent-licensing","display_name":"patent licensing","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/licensing-agreements","display_name":"licensing agreements","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agricultural-research-service","display_name":"Agricultural Research Service","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-sector-innovation","display_name":"public sector innovation","score":0.7149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intellectual-property","display_name":"intellectual property","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scientific-publications","display_name":"scientific publications","score":0.4449999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79719","display_name":"License","level":2,"score":0.7839635610580444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34974158","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131257","display_name":"Intellectual property","level":2,"score":0.774858832359314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.6727939248085022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6197634935379028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6177405118942261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985879086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061910","display_name":"Technology transfer","level":2,"score":0.5428254008293152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.5181483030319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5117809176445007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121426985","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q591763","display_name":"Private sector","level":2,"score":0.49291062355041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.4731508493423462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4715407192707062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126388530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131737","display_name":"Imitation","level":2,"score":0.4678023159503937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.4212934970855713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q294217","display_name":"Public sector","level":2,"score":0.4112459421157837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.40980079770088196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.37030768394470215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.27339744567871094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.23883232474327087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.19980522990226746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.1752561330795288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.14088848233222961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":9,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.899085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.899085","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.899085","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ags:uersrr:33597","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/33597/files/er060015.pdf","pdf_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/33597/files/er060015.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.555.6222","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.555.6222","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/33597/1/er060015.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ageconsearch.umn.edu:33597","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/33597","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401616","display_name":"AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210120349","host_organization_name":"University of Minnesota Rochester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120349"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/33597","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:3121350616","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://econpapers.repec.org/RePEc:ags:uersrr:33597","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3124003701","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ideas.repec.org/p/ags/uersrr/33597.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764635589","display_name":"Economic Research Report","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Economic Research Report","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-017060291","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://purl.access.gpo.gov/GPO/LPS97927","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:1675786196","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/33597/files/er060015.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.22004/ag.econ.33597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.33597","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.33597","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401616","display_name":"AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210120349","host_organization_name":"University of Minnesota Rochester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120349"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2139/ssrn.899085","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.899085","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.899085","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210172589","display_name":"SSRN Electronic Journal","issn_l":"1556-5068","issn":["1556-5068"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1318003438","host_organization_name":"RELX Group (Netherlands)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1318003438"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6773999929428101,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W298632689","https://openalex.org/W428329013","https://openalex.org/W615092615","https://openalex.org/W1437195686","https://openalex.org/W1502925692","https://openalex.org/W1551677353","https://openalex.org/W1556989459","https://openalex.org/W1577726433","https://openalex.org/W1603523073","https://openalex.org/W1675786196","https://openalex.org/W1969116946","https://openalex.org/W1977522942","https://openalex.org/W1982763318","https://openalex.org/W1994632152","https://openalex.org/W2000131570","https://openalex.org/W2002762389","https://openalex.org/W2009954382","https://openalex.org/W2009967898","https://openalex.org/W2017522108","https://openalex.org/W2020118844","https://openalex.org/W2026355896","https://openalex.org/W2033760576","https://openalex.org/W2034482953","https://openalex.org/W2036956013","https://openalex.org/W2043985515","https://openalex.org/W2047092676","https://openalex.org/W2064875135","https://openalex.org/W2066949090","https://openalex.org/W2069607672","https://openalex.org/W2070506372","https://openalex.org/W2072815741","https://openalex.org/W2073387430","https://openalex.org/W2080403696","https://openalex.org/W2082790601","https://openalex.org/W2094622960","https://openalex.org/W2098560949","https://openalex.org/W2115723149","https://openalex.org/W2119220656","https://openalex.org/W2156060266","https://openalex.org/W2161159763","https://openalex.org/W2168751125","https://openalex.org/W2170753634","https://openalex.org/W2214569082","https://openalex.org/W2318127682","https://openalex.org/W2569845586","https://openalex.org/W2740537254","https://openalex.org/W3021438493","https://openalex.org/W3125221553","https://openalex.org/W4230350527","https://openalex.org/W4237708637","https://openalex.org/W4247555781","https://openalex.org/W4319588589"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2098637402","https://openalex.org/W1551677353","https://openalex.org/W2184574147","https://openalex.org/W1570299930","https://openalex.org/W1979385108","https://openalex.org/W2048155272","https://openalex.org/W1491423711","https://openalex.org/W593432236","https://openalex.org/W1996856577","https://openalex.org/W583236274"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
