{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1673713102","doi":null,"title":"Perceptions of the Appropriateness of Sport Fan Physical and Verbal Aggression: Potential Influences of Team Identification and Fan Dysfunction","display_name":"Perceptions of the Appropriateness of Sport Fan Physical and Verbal Aggression: Potential Influences of Team Identification and Fan Dysfunction","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1673713102","mag":"1673713102"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:1673713102","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-213084816/perceptions-of-the-appropriateness-of-sport-fan-physical","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88263524","display_name":"North American journal of psychology","issn_l":"1527-7143","issn":["1527-7143"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"North American journal of psychology","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081225780","display_name":"Tiffany Donahue","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tiffany Donahue","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060163009","display_name":"Daniel L. L. Wann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2440-5523","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2440-5523"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel L. Wann","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2440-5523","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4089,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83609251,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"3","first_page":"420","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10942","display_name":"Sports, Gender, and Society","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10942","display_name":"Sports, Gender, and Society","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10813","display_name":"Sport Psychology and Performance","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10485","display_name":"Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/team-identification","display_name":"team identification","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hostile-aggression","display_name":"hostile aggression","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/proactive-aggression","display_name":"proactive aggression","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verbal-aggression","display_name":"verbal aggression","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-aggression","display_name":"physical aggression","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perceived-appropriateness","display_name":"perceived appropriateness","score":0.6449999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sports-fandom","display_name":"sports fandom","score":0.3919999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alcohol-and-aggression","display_name":"alcohol and aggression","score":0.39500001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-esteem","display_name":"self-esteem","score":0.4169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observational-learning","display_name":"observational learning","score":0.5320000052452087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779448149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191797","display_name":"Aggression","level":2,"score":0.8523480892181396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.8028716444969177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.5952039957046509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777363581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15098235","display_name":"Harm","level":2,"score":0.5808343887329102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C510893854","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q773944","display_name":"Fandom","level":2,"score":0.5358511209487915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.41270652413368225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29595303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650","display_name":"Media studies","level":1,"score":0.09672385454177856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.08143272995948792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:1673713102","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-213084816/perceptions-of-the-appropriateness-of-sport-fan-physical","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S88263524","display_name":"North American journal of psychology","issn_l":"1527-7143","issn":["1527-7143"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"North American journal of psychology","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.428600013256073,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2610029226","https://openalex.org/W2001934862","https://openalex.org/W2205110445","https://openalex.org/W264937757","https://openalex.org/W2090606286","https://openalex.org/W2899450918","https://openalex.org/W2955761055","https://openalex.org/W2954513180","https://openalex.org/W3200348532","https://openalex.org/W2052606695"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0,84],"sport":[1,9,353,479,610],"scientists":[2,480],"have":[3,166,202,253,463],"examined":[4,544],"many":[5,168,194],"different":[6,70,169],"aspects":[7],"of":[8,18,22,40,44,50,72,99,163,195,199,208,240,317,328,363,390,408,410,413,421,442,445,451,454,460,467,516,547,585,591,604],"fandom":[10],"(Wann,":[11,79,178],"Melnick,":[12],"Russell,":[13,183],"&":[14,36,81,184,244,277,338,344],"Pease,":[15],"2001),":[16],"one":[17],"the":[19,48,85,97,108,111,119,141,196,205,214,229,233,241,255,325,361,388,411,443,452,458,485,507,517,524,572],"predominant":[20],"topics":[21],"interest":[23],"continues":[24],"to":[25,60,87,133,155,171,216,224,231,271,301,483,496,509,526,578,596,609,615],"be":[26],"fan":[27,124,172,200,219,242,261,329,367,461,498,518,557,563],"aggression":[28,75,78,201,308,330,368,394,415,429,462,488],"(in":[29],"this":[30,135,274,377,468],"paper,":[31],"we":[32],"will":[33],"adopt":[34],"Baron":[35],"Richardson's,":[37],"1994,":[38],"definition":[39],"aggression:":[41,73],"any":[42],"form":[43],"behavior":[45,275],"directed":[46],"toward":[47,129,153],"goal":[49,98,109,142],"harming":[51],"or":[52],"injuring":[53],"another":[54],"living":[55],"being":[56],"who":[57,125],"is":[58,89,110,143,235,319],"motivated":[59],"avoid":[61],"such":[62,147],"treatment,":[63],"p.":[64],"7).":[65],"Sport":[66],"fans":[67,150,267,293,511,581],"exhibit":[68,302],"two":[69,545,573],"forms":[71],"hostile":[74,93,106,304],"and":[76,94,113,158,187,260,286,305,347,373,387,392,440,474,523,542,559,619],"instrumental":[77,95,139,306],"Schrader,":[80],"Carlson,":[82,285],"2000).":[83,356],"intention":[86],"harm":[88],"found":[90,289,567],"in":[91,273,323,352,556,562,608],"both":[92,303],"aggression,":[96,107,140,173,262],"these":[100],"behaviors":[101],"differs":[102],"(Silva,":[103],"1980).":[104],"With":[105],"pain":[112],"suffering":[114],"(i.e.,":[115,416],"harm)":[116],"inflicted":[117],"on":[118,204,366],"victim":[120],"(for":[121],"instance,":[122,576],"a":[123,218,221,225,320,381,405,425,493],"shouts":[126],"derogatory":[127],"comments":[128],"an":[130,238,349,601],"official":[131],"just":[132],"hurt":[134],"person).":[136],"Conversely,":[137],"with":[138,418,534,582,588],"some":[144],"other":[145],"outcome,":[146],"as":[148,237,600],"when":[149],"act":[151],"aggressively":[152],"players":[154],"distract":[156],"them":[157],"improve":[159],"their":[160,538,617],"team's":[161],"chances":[162],"success.":[164],"Researchers":[165],"identified":[167,266,292,299,550,580],"antecedents":[170],"including":[174],"need":[175,482],"for":[176],"self-esteem":[177],"1993),":[179],"observational":[180],"learning":[181],"(Arms,":[182],"Sandilands,":[185],"1979),":[186],"alcohol":[188,598],"(Wann":[189,243,331],"et":[190,248,332],"al.,":[191,249,333],"2001).":[192,250],"However,":[193],"recent":[197,470],"investigations":[198],"centered":[203],"important":[206,350],"contribution":[207],"team":[209,234,258,364,385,402,422,455,486],"identification.":[210],"Team":[211],"identification":[212,259,318,365,386,403,423,439,456],"involves":[213],"extent":[215,508],"which":[217,232,510,527],"feels":[220],"psychological":[222],"connection":[223],"team,":[226],"that":[227,264,290,315,401,427,478],"is,":[228],"degree":[230,525],"felt":[236],"extension":[239],"Branscombe,":[245],"1993;":[246],"Wann":[247,475,543],"Numerous":[251],"studies":[252,450],"documented":[254],"relationship":[256,437],"between":[257,438,571],"revealing":[263],"highly":[265,291],"are":[268,529],"most":[269],"likely":[270,296,595],"engage":[272],"(Branscombe":[276],"Wann,":[278,280,284,335,341],"1994;":[279],"2006).":[281],"For":[282,575],"example,":[283],"Schrader":[287],"(1999)":[288],"were":[294,593],"more":[295,431,594],"than":[297],"less":[298],"persons":[300,417],"verbal":[307,393,414,428],"at":[309,395],"sporting":[310,396],"events.":[311,397],"Research":[312],"also":[313],"indicates":[314],"level":[316],"key":[321],"variable":[322],"predicting":[324],"anonymous":[326],"acts":[327],"2005;":[334],"Haynes,":[336],"McLean,":[337],"Pullen,":[339],"2003;":[340],"Peterson,":[342],"Cothran,":[343],"Dykes,":[345],"1999)":[346],"plays":[348],"role":[351],"riots":[354],"(Lanter,":[355],"Another":[357],"research":[358],"project":[359],"examining":[360],"impact":[362],"was":[369,404,430,435],"conducted":[370],"by":[371,472],"Rocca":[372],"Vogl-Bauer":[374],"(1999).":[375],"In":[376,537],"research,":[378],"participants":[379],"completed":[380],"questionnaire":[382],"packet":[383],"assessing":[384],"appropriateness":[389,412,444],"physical":[391,446],"Regression":[398],"analyses":[399],"indicated":[400],"significant":[406],"predictor":[407],"perceptions":[409,441],"higher":[419],"levels":[420,584,590],"reported":[424],"belief":[426],"appropriate),":[432],"but":[433],"there":[434],"no":[436],"aggression.":[447],"Even":[448],"though":[449],"incorporation":[453],"into":[457],"model":[459],"furthered":[464],"our":[465],"understanding":[466],"phenomenon,":[469],"work":[471],"Wakefield":[473,541],"(2006)":[476],"suggests":[477],"may":[481],"rethink":[484],"identification--fan":[487],"relationship.":[489],"These":[490],"authors":[491,566],"developed":[492],"measure":[494],"designed":[495],"assess":[497],"dysfunction":[499,505,558,592],"(the":[500],"Dysfunctional":[501],"Fandom":[502],"Scale).":[503],"Fan":[504],"concerns":[506],"complain":[512],"about":[513],"various":[514],"components":[515],"experience":[519],"(e.g.,":[520,531],"stadium":[521],"amenities)":[522],"they":[528],"confrontational":[530],"enjoy":[532],"arguing":[533],"rival":[535],"fans).":[536],"initial":[539],"work,":[540],"groups":[546],"equally":[548],"high":[549,561,579,589],"college":[551],"football":[552],"fans:":[553],"those":[554,560,587],"low":[555,583],"dysfunction.":[564],"The":[565],"several":[568],"interesting":[569],"differences":[570],"groups.":[574],"relative":[577],"dysfunction,":[586],"perceive":[597],"consumption":[599],"integral":[602],"part":[603],"game":[605],"attendance,":[606],"call":[607],"talk":[611],"radio":[612],"stations":[613],"(presumably":[614],"voice":[616],"grievances),":[618],"verbally":[620],"abuse":[621],"officials.":[622],"\u2026":[623]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
