{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1672853152","doi":"https://doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2014/758-5","title":"Regional integration in Africa: Challenges and prospects","display_name":"Regional integration in Africa: Challenges and prospects","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1672853152","doi":"https://doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2014/758-5","mag":"1672853152"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.35188/unu-wider/2014/758-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2014/758-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2014/758-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201284","display_name":"Working Paper Series","issn_l":"1798-7237","issn":["1798-7237"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"WIDER Working Paper","raw_type":"book"},"volume":null,"type":"book","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016398626","display_name":"Jaime de M\u00e9lo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1509-5239","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1509-5239"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114457229","display_name":"University of Geneva","ror":"https://ror.org/01swzsf04","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jaime de Melo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Geneva;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Geneva;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114457229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029497601","display_name":"Yvonne Tsikata","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1334329717","display_name":"World Bank","ror":"https://ror.org/00ae7jd04","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717","https://openalex.org/I55633929"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yvonne Tsikata","raw_affiliation_strings":["World Bank;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"World Bank;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1334329717"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.1389,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":69,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9706116,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.6762999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10128","display_name":"Global trade and economics","score":0.6762999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14429","display_name":"Global Political and Social Dynamics","score":0.22920000553131104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14349","display_name":"Global Political and Economic Relations","score":0.027899999171495438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-integration","display_name":"regional integration","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-regional-economic-communities","display_name":"African regional economic communities","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/goods-market-integration","display_name":"goods market integration","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trade-costs","display_name":"trade costs","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-border-externalities","display_name":"cross-border externalities","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/franc-zone","display_name":"franc zone","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economies-of-scale","display_name":"economies of scale","score":0.5590000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-economy-of-integration","display_name":"political economy of integration","score":0.4699999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16118543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275372","display_name":"Externality","level":2,"score":0.647929847240448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.626886248588562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779015535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q462668","display_name":"Regional integration","level":2,"score":0.6184109449386597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781051278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6770814","display_name":"Market integration","level":2,"score":0.6049962043762207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29321873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5970087","display_name":"Economies of scale","level":2,"score":0.4730883240699768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.46215516328811646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C506295513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729438","display_name":"Economic integration","level":2,"score":0.44109809398651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.42297637462615967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83646750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193893","display_name":"Capital (architecture)","level":2,"score":0.41315409541130066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3860599994659424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18547055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47417","display_name":"International economics","level":1,"score":0.3853622376918793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.36865493655204773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.32364600896835327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.22085320949554443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.11137497425079346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.35188/unu-wider/2014/758-5","doi":"https://doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2014/758-5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.35188/unu-wider/2014/758-5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201284","display_name":"Working Paper Series","issn_l":"1798-7237","issn":["1798-7237"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"WIDER Working Paper","raw_type":"book"},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/96285","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/96285","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:workingPaper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4000000059604645}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1497992513","https://openalex.org/W1513495801","https://openalex.org/W1531839703","https://openalex.org/W1592471412","https://openalex.org/W1651922809","https://openalex.org/W1682393131","https://openalex.org/W1775363673","https://openalex.org/W1911526938","https://openalex.org/W1955749028","https://openalex.org/W1972566760","https://openalex.org/W2032426226","https://openalex.org/W2038537005","https://openalex.org/W2069870165","https://openalex.org/W2099154107","https://openalex.org/W2101961762","https://openalex.org/W2102911810","https://openalex.org/W2106882559","https://openalex.org/W2122604772","https://openalex.org/W2133852399","https://openalex.org/W2136087370","https://openalex.org/W2139821542","https://openalex.org/W2150065935","https://openalex.org/W2156651442","https://openalex.org/W2163362767","https://openalex.org/W2164336308","https://openalex.org/W2491309498","https://openalex.org/W2493082107","https://openalex.org/W2621023471","https://openalex.org/W2890673083","https://openalex.org/W3121762824","https://openalex.org/W3122568378","https://openalex.org/W3122996967","https://openalex.org/W3123326123","https://openalex.org/W3123328009","https://openalex.org/W3123664294","https://openalex.org/W3123940772","https://openalex.org/W3124126014","https://openalex.org/W3124873083","https://openalex.org/W3125501992","https://openalex.org/W3150133134","https://openalex.org/W3176682987","https://openalex.org/W4206678923","https://openalex.org/W4247311456","https://openalex.org/W4248596164","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4302444461"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2185322747","https://openalex.org/W3170525702","https://openalex.org/W2921482872","https://openalex.org/W2151236839","https://openalex.org/W2061539795","https://openalex.org/W1560848669","https://openalex.org/W2184544032","https://openalex.org/W1532591248","https://openalex.org/W6931268876","https://openalex.org/W7054936610"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Political":[0],"motives,":[1],"geography,":[2],"and":[3,25,49,61,99,130,138],"the":[4,10,51,65,86,89,106,118,142,145,148,156,163,172,178,181,208,212],"uneven":[5,80,164],"distribution":[6,81,165],"of":[7,47,53,57,67,82,91,121,127,144,158,166,180,184],"gains":[8,13],"trumped":[9],"traditional":[11],"efficiency":[12,43],"across":[14,29,112,168,197],"Africa\u2019s":[15],"Regional":[16],"Economic":[17],"Communities":[18],"(RECs).":[19],"The":[20],"small,":[21],"sparsely":[22],"populated,":[23],"fragmented,":[24],"often":[26],"isolated":[27],"economies":[28,37,46],"Africa":[30],"make":[31],"a":[32,78,124],"compelling":[33],"case":[34],"for":[35],"these":[36],"to":[38,41,64,73,95,161,171,190,207,215],"integrate":[39],"regionally":[40],"reap":[42],"gains,":[44],"exploit":[45],"scale,":[48],"reduce":[50,191],"thickness":[52],"borders.":[54],"But":[55],"lack":[56,157],"complementarities":[58],"among":[59],"partners":[60,169],"diminishing":[62],"returns":[63],"exploitation":[66],"resources":[68,83],"has":[69,84],"reduced":[70],"supply":[71],"response":[72],"market-integration-oriented":[74],"regional":[75],"policies.":[76],"Additionally,":[77],"very":[79],"sharpened":[85],"trade-off":[87],"between":[88],"benefits":[90,167],"common":[92],"policies":[93],"needed":[94],"tackle":[96],"cross-border":[97],"externalities":[98],"their":[100],"costs,":[101],"which":[102],"are":[103],"heightened":[104],"by":[105],"sharp":[107],"differences":[108],"in":[109,210],"policy":[110],"preferences":[111],"members.":[113],"African":[114,198],"RECs":[115,149,199],"have":[116,150,225],"pursued":[117],"\u2018linear":[119],"model\u2019":[120],"integration":[122,126],"with":[123],"stepwise":[125],"goods,":[128],"labour,":[129],"capital":[131],"markets,":[132],"as":[133,135,186],"well":[134],"eventual":[136],"monetary":[137],"fiscal":[139],"integration.":[140],"With":[141],"exception":[143],"franc":[146],"zone,":[147],"not":[151],"yet":[152],"completed":[153],"goods-markets":[154],"integration;":[155],"adjustment":[159],"funds":[160],"address":[162],"contributing":[170],"delay.":[173],"Estimates":[174],"reported":[175],"here":[176],"reveal":[177],"shortcomings":[179],"linear":[182],"model":[183],"integration,":[185],"behind-the-border":[187,221],"measures":[188,222],"aiming":[189],"trade":[192],"costs":[193],"were":[194],"largely":[195],"ignored":[196],"until":[200],"recently.":[201],"While":[202],"this":[203],"is":[204],"probably":[205],"due":[206],"difficulty":[209],"gaining":[211],"confidence":[213],"necessary":[214],"get":[216],"collection":[217],"action":[218],"started,":[219],"many":[220],"could":[223],"still":[224],"been":[226],"undertaken":[227],"unilaterally.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-09-30T09:27:27.532063","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
