{"id":"https://openalex.org/W166701351","doi":null,"title":"Beef tallow as a biodiesel fuel","display_name":"Beef tallow as a biodiesel fuel","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W166701351","mag":"166701351"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.unl.edu:dissertations-8059","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/dissertations/AAI9611038","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400577","display_name":"Lincoln (University of Nebraska)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","host_organization_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ETD collection for University of Nebraska-Lincoln","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108530790","display_name":"Yusuf Ali","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yusuf Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108530790"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10507","display_name":"Biodiesel Production and Applications","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10507","display_name":"Biodiesel Production and Applications","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10117","display_name":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13990","display_name":"Engine and Fuel Emissions","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biodiesel","display_name":"biodiesel","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beef-tallow","display_name":"beef tallow","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethanol-blends","display_name":"ethanol blends","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diesel-blends","display_name":"diesel fuel blends","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuel-properties","display_name":"fuel properties","score":0.796999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engine-performance","display_name":"engine performance","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicle-emissions","display_name":"vehicle emissions","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engine-wear","display_name":"engine wear","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/in-cylinder-pressure","display_name":"in-cylinder pressure","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-release-rate","display_name":"heat release rate","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cetane-index","display_name":"cetane index","score":0.5220000147819519}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52896960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167947","display_name":"Biodiesel","level":3,"score":0.7219793200492859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778892267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q863266","display_name":"Tallow","level":2,"score":0.6036555171012878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.478794664144516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3930748701095581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.37999045848846436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.34052589535713196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.2894366383552551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24323076009750366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.23807069659233093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.unl.edu:dissertations-8059","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/dissertations/AAI9611038","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400577","display_name":"Lincoln (University of Nebraska)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","host_organization_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ETD collection for University of Nebraska-Lincoln","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:166701351","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=8059&context=dissertations","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.75,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2068765259","https://openalex.org/W1997259679","https://openalex.org/W2032768656","https://openalex.org/W1514725629","https://openalex.org/W2069249439","https://openalex.org/W2606304479","https://openalex.org/W2092235676","https://openalex.org/W2620850094","https://openalex.org/W7167060560","https://openalex.org/W2079374083"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Blends":[0,79],"of":[1,56,62,69,80,99,110,118,171,187,225,314],"diesel":[2,72,112,128,137,190,282,311,327],"fuel,":[3,245],"methyl":[4,6,63,83,93,100,103],"tallowate,":[5],"soyate":[7,104],"and":[8,13,53,82,88,102,115,130,148,181,195,258,317,352],"ethanol":[9,81],"were":[10,59,105,122,164,229,274,288,321],"prepared.":[11],"Physical":[12],"fuel":[14,73,97,120,158,173,261,334],"properties":[15,98,109],"including":[16],"viscosity,":[17],"specific":[18,157,260],"gravity,":[19,21],"API":[20],"distillation":[22],"ranges,":[23],"calculated":[24],"cetane":[25],"index,":[26],"energy":[27],"content,":[28,32,34,46],"flash":[29],"point,":[30,48,50],"water":[31],"sulfur":[33],"carbon":[35],"residue,":[36],"particulate":[37],"matter,":[38],"acid":[39],"value,":[40],"copper":[41],"strip":[42],"corrosion":[43],"test,":[44],"ash":[45],"melting":[47],"cloud":[49,87],"pour":[51,89],"point":[52],"major":[54],"constituents":[55],"the":[57,108,169,175,221,234,244,269,277,305,333],"blends":[58,121,335],"determined.":[60],"Viscosity":[61],"tallowate":[64,84,101],"was":[65,141,151,193,200,211,240,296,301,330],"reduced":[66],"to":[67,107,132,231,243,249],"that":[68,298,332],"No":[70],"2":[71],"by":[74,166,309],"blending":[75],"35%":[76],"(v/v)":[77,189],"ethanol.":[78],"had":[85],"melting,":[86],"points":[90],"lower":[91],"than":[92,276,304,323],"tallowate.":[94],"All":[95],"other":[96],"close":[106],"No.2":[111,136,310,326],"fuel.":[113,138,283,312,328],"Performance":[114],"emissions":[116,163,182],"characteristics":[117,287],"all":[119],"evaluated":[123,289],"in":[124,146,155,168,174,220,337],"a":[125,152,196],"Cummins":[126],"N14-410":[127],"engine":[129,133,179,291,348,350],"compared":[131],"operation":[134],"with":[135],"Engine":[139,204,209,272,284],"performance":[140,180,210],"satisfactory":[142,212],"without":[143],"significant":[144],"reduction":[145],"power":[147,254],"torque.":[149],"There":[150],"slight":[153],"increase":[154],"brake":[156,259],"consumption.":[159],"Only":[160],"hydrocarbon":[161],"exhaust":[162],"affected":[165],"increases":[167],"amount":[170],"alternative":[172],"blend.":[176],"Based":[177],"on":[178,345],"analyses,":[183],"an":[184,203],"optimum":[185],"blend":[186],"80:13:7%":[188],"fuel:methyl":[191],"tallowate:ethanol":[192],"recommended,":[194],"200-hour":[197],"endurance":[198],"test":[199,207,270],"performed":[201],"using":[202,290],"Manufacturer's":[205],"Association":[206],"procedure.":[208],"for":[213,280,325],"148":[214],"h.":[215],"Three":[216],"different":[217],"injectors":[218],"failed":[219],"subsequent":[222],"49":[223],"h":[224],"operation.":[226],"The":[227,237],"failures":[228],"due":[230,242,248],"cracks":[232],"across":[233],"injector":[235,238,251],"tips.":[236],"cracking":[239],"not":[241],"but":[246],"rather":[247],"improper":[250],"installation.":[252],"Otherwise,":[253],"output,":[255],"torque":[256],"produced":[257,308],"consumption":[262],"remained,":[263],"more":[264],"or":[265],"less,":[266],"constant":[267],"throughout":[268],"period.":[271],"wear":[273,351],"less":[275,303,322],"recommended":[278],"limits":[279],"standard":[281],"in-cylinder":[285],"pressure":[286,300,307],"cycle":[292],"analysis":[293],"data.":[294],"It":[295,329],"observed":[297],"peak":[299,306],"always":[302],"Rate":[313],"heat":[315],"release":[316],"charge":[318],"temperatures":[319],"also":[320],"those":[324],"concluded":[331],"used":[336],"this":[338],"research":[339],"would":[340],"have":[341],"no":[342],"detrimental":[343],"effects":[344],"long":[346],"term":[347],"performance,":[349],"knock.":[353]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
