{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1666718924","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0902.3418","title":"How Does the Brain Organize Information?","display_name":"How Does the Brain Organize Information?","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-02-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1666718924","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0902.3418","mag":"1666718924"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:0902.3418","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/0902.3418","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/0902.3418","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/0902.3418","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066264314","display_name":"H. Kr\u00f6ger","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kroger, Helmut","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5066264314"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.8417999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.8417999744415283,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10581","display_name":"Neural dynamics and brain function","score":0.11959999799728394,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.011800000444054604,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neural-network","display_name":"artificial neural networks","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-organizing-maps","display_name":"self-organizing maps","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-organization","display_name":"self-organization","score":0.7680000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-world-networks","display_name":"small-world networks","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-free-networks","display_name":"scale-free networks","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"unsupervised learning","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/associative-memory","display_name":"associative memory","score":0.6179999709129333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.5857712030410767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.5675047636032104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5591496825218201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159423971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177251","display_name":"Associative property","level":2,"score":0.5553791522979736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4857531189918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53442348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745101","display_name":"Content-addressable memory","level":3,"score":0.4815852642059326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779110517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1240788","display_name":"Supervisor","level":2,"score":0.47209519147872925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777348757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2346577","display_name":"Cortex (anatomy)","level":2,"score":0.4482981860637665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.43119820952415466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.39084383845329285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3408544957637787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3303762674331665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.32236891984939575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:0902.3418","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/0902.3418","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/0902.3418","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.0902.3418","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0902.3418","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.0902.3418","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:0902.3418","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/0902.3418","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/0902.3418","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.6200000047683716}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977914625","https://openalex.org/W2141917583","https://openalex.org/W2322002063","https://openalex.org/W2478227765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387731985","https://openalex.org/W2755149878","https://openalex.org/W2941808082","https://openalex.org/W2468425257","https://openalex.org/W4377009725","https://openalex.org/W4379086698","https://openalex.org/W279701215","https://openalex.org/W2107697999","https://openalex.org/W1902246517","https://openalex.org/W3145837419"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cognitive":[0],"processes":[1,56],"in":[2,25,44,79,111,114,174],"the":[3,26,51,87,94,102,107,112,117,139,177],"brain,":[4,113],"like":[5,86,152],"learning,":[6],"formation":[7],"of":[8,11,15,38,53,64,83,89,96,101,109,126,154,161,176],"memory,":[9],"recovery":[10],"memorized":[12],"images,":[13],"classification":[14,158],"objects":[16],"have":[17,75],"two":[18],"features:":[19],"First,":[20],"there":[21,33],"is":[22,34,135],"no":[23],"supervisor":[24],"brain":[27,84,118,140],"who":[28],"controls":[29],"these":[30],"processes.":[31],"Second":[32],"a":[35,61,170],"hugh":[36],"number":[37,63],"neurons":[39],"(10^{6}":[40],"to":[41],"10^{10})":[42],"involved":[43],"those":[45],"cognitive":[46,55],"tasks.":[47],"For":[48],"this":[49],"reason,":[50],"search":[52],"understanding":[54],"uses":[57,147],"models":[58],"built":[59],"from":[60],"large":[62],"neurons,":[65],"but":[66],"very":[67],"much":[68],"simplified":[69],"neurons.":[70],"The":[71],"so-called":[72],"neural":[73],"networks":[74,125],"been":[76],"quite":[77],"successful":[78],"describing":[80],"certain":[81],"aspects":[82],"functions,":[85],"mechanism":[88],"associative":[90],"memory":[91],"or":[92],"recently":[93],"prediction":[95],"epileptic":[97],"seizures.":[98],"At":[99],"hand":[100],"Kohonen":[103],"network":[104],"we":[105],"discuss":[106],"treatment":[108,153],"information":[110,121],"particular":[115],"how":[116],"organizes":[119],"such":[120,148,162],"without":[122],"supervisor.":[123],"Recently,":[124],"small-world":[127,165],"and":[128,157,164,167],"scale-free":[129,163],"architecture":[130],"came":[131],"into":[132],"focus.":[133],"There":[134],"evidence":[136],"indicating":[137],"that":[138],"(cat":[141],"cortex,":[142,144],"macaque":[143],"human":[145],"brain)":[146],"connectivity":[149,166],"architecture.":[150],"Tasks":[151],"information,":[155],"learning":[156],"take":[159],"advantage":[160],"thus":[168],"play":[169],"potentially":[171],"important":[172],"role":[173],"self-organization":[175],"brain.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}