{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1666086996","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/42347","title":"Words and rules in the human brain","display_name":"Words and rules in the human brain","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1666086996","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/42347","mag":"1666086996","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9177332"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/42347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/42347","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/42347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137773608","display_name":"Nature","issn_l":"0028-0836","issn":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000597416","display_name":"Steven A. Pinker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2319-4085","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2319-4085"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Steven Pinker","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139-4307, Massachusetts, USA","Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139-4307, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000597416"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":{"value":12690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":12690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4919,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":198,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92371316,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"387","issue":"6633","first_page":"547","last_page":"548"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10465","display_name":"Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10730","display_name":"Language Development and Disorders","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verb-morphology","display_name":"verb morphology","score":0.4909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/past-tense","display_name":"past tense","score":0.4429999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regular-and-irregular-verbs","display_name":"regular and irregular verbs","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-grammar","display_name":"mental grammar","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-processing","display_name":"language processing","score":0.453000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hemispheric-asymmetry","display_name":"hemispheric lateralization","score":0.5789999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aphasia","display_name":"aphasia","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neurological-patients","display_name":"neurological patients","score":0.43299999833106995}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26022165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8091","display_name":"Grammar","level":2,"score":0.621096134185791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.56559818983078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.48571500182151794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.3359401226043701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.20909377932548523}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007802","descriptor_name":"Language","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008037","descriptor_name":"Linguistics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008568","descriptor_name":"Memory","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008959","descriptor_name":"Models, Neurological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/42347","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/42347","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/42347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S137773608","display_name":"Nature","issn_l":"0028-0836","issn":["0028-0836","1476-4687"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9177332","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9177332","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature","raw_type":"Comment"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:nat:nature:v:387:y:1997:i:6633:d:10.1038_42347","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/42347","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1592240138","https://openalex.org/W1598851216","https://openalex.org/W3207342693","https://openalex.org/W4300402905"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2060055306","https://openalex.org/W2330457648","https://openalex.org/W2011111942","https://openalex.org/W2099222747","https://openalex.org/W1592240138","https://openalex.org/W142286355","https://openalex.org/W2056132208","https://openalex.org/W2173926106","https://openalex.org/W2143332719","https://openalex.org/W2147289774"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
