{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1665178798","doi":null,"title":"Behavioural thermoregulation in free-ranging savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana)","display_name":"Behavioural thermoregulation in free-ranging savanna elephants (Loxodonta africana)","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-04-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1665178798","mag":"1665178798"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/46215","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46215","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46215","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401870","display_name":"UpSpace Institutional Repository (University of Pretoria)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","host_organization_name":"University of Pretoria","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Dissertation"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46215","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003487947","display_name":"Michael A. Mole","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2563-4344","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2563-4344"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael A. Mole","raw_affiliation_strings":["university of the Witwatersrand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2563-4344","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"university of the Witwatersrand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5003487947"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11056","display_name":"Physiological and biochemical adaptations","score":0.5508000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11056","display_name":"Physiological and biochemical adaptations","score":0.5508000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10199","display_name":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","score":0.27950000762939453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12365","display_name":"Effects of Environmental Stressors on Livestock","score":0.12849999964237213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/savanna-elephant","display_name":"savanna elephant","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-elephant","display_name":"Loxodonta africana","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavioral-thermoregulation","display_name":"behavioral thermoregulation","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambient-temperature","display_name":"ambient temperature","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heat-dissipation","display_name":"heat dissipation","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shade-use","display_name":"shade use","score":0.925000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wetting-behaviour","display_name":"wetting behaviour","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/habitat-selection","display_name":"habitat selection","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space-use","display_name":"space use","score":0.8289999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change-adaptation","display_name":"climate change adaptation","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calf-presence","display_name":"calf presence","score":0.49399998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sexual-segregation","display_name":"sexual segregation","score":0.7429999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/okavango-delta","display_name":"Okavango Delta","score":0.9139999747276306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777080597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q906118","display_name":"Disclaimer","level":2,"score":0.9505599737167358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100564792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190259","display_name":"Thermoregulation","level":2,"score":0.709418773651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45235069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278425","display_name":"Table (database)","level":2,"score":0.4812586009502411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.44557076692581177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68476402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1456936","display_name":"Table of contents","level":2,"score":0.4216839373111725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.40637990832328796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.33770567178726196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3326352834701538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.11742210388183594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.07269227504730225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.06400242447853088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/46215","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46215","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46215","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401870","display_name":"UpSpace Institutional Repository (University of Pretoria)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","host_organization_name":"University of Pretoria","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Dissertation"},{"id":"mag:1665178798","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://repository.up.ac.za/bitstream/handle/2263/46215/Mole_Behavioural_2015.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.up.ac.za:2263/46215","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46215","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46215","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401870","display_name":"UpSpace Institutional Repository (University of Pretoria)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","host_organization_name":"University of Pretoria","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Dissertation"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.46149998903274536}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1665178798.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1665178798.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":158,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W651838761","https://openalex.org/W1199636089","https://openalex.org/W1560377593","https://openalex.org/W1560905969","https://openalex.org/W1574180269","https://openalex.org/W1590554392","https://openalex.org/W1598459093","https://openalex.org/W1761653152","https://openalex.org/W1834860908","https://openalex.org/W1841129079","https://openalex.org/W1940479733","https://openalex.org/W1942373918","https://openalex.org/W1968200084","https://openalex.org/W1968600914","https://openalex.org/W1968895410","https://openalex.org/W1970826513","https://openalex.org/W1971111848","https://openalex.org/W1973082817","https://openalex.org/W1973472696","https://openalex.org/W1974903538","https://openalex.org/W1975507258","https://openalex.org/W1978781086","https://openalex.org/W1978939541","https://openalex.org/W1980659398","https://openalex.org/W1982827165","https://openalex.org/W1985473908","https://openalex.org/W1986837069","https://openalex.org/W1986880258","https://openalex.org/W1992124530","https://openalex.org/W1993193567","https://openalex.org/W1993216314","https://openalex.org/W1993591111","https://openalex.org/W1995262150","https://openalex.org/W1995482586","https://openalex.org/W1998703133","https://openalex.org/W2002125215","https://openalex.org/W2006650572","https://openalex.org/W2006768210","https://openalex.org/W2007118481","https://openalex.org/W2007957777","https://openalex.org/W2008744493","https://openalex.org/W2009435671","https://openalex.org/W2010732876","https://openalex.org/W2012287240","https://openalex.org/W2012658260","https://openalex.org/W2012842708","https://openalex.org/W2015823673","https://openalex.org/W2016467777","https://openalex.org/W2018407189","https://openalex.org/W2019350163","https://openalex.org/W2019848261","https://openalex.org/W2020422478","https://openalex.org/W2022939766","https://openalex.org/W2024649846","https://openalex.org/W2025211322","https://openalex.org/W2025548323","https://openalex.org/W2026796541","https://openalex.org/W2029905895","https://openalex.org/W2030539242","https://openalex.org/W2034734098","https://openalex.org/W2036174256","https://openalex.org/W2037003683","https://openalex.org/W2038385042","https://openalex.org/W2039789630","https://openalex.org/W2040943707","https://openalex.org/W2043943094","https://openalex.org/W2045472692","https://openalex.org/W2046609878","https://openalex.org/W2049193210","https://openalex.org/W2050856829","https://openalex.org/W2051786335","https://openalex.org/W2051967393","https://openalex.org/W2052245646","https://openalex.org/W2054209743","https://openalex.org/W2054820883","https://openalex.org/W2057469526","https://openalex.org/W2064174768","https://openalex.org/W2065899882","https://openalex.org/W2066232393","https://openalex.org/W2067088251","https://openalex.org/W2067577362","https://openalex.org/W2068641397","https://openalex.org/W2069659987","https://openalex.org/W2069837359","https://openalex.org/W2070028956","https://openalex.org/W2070382799","https://openalex.org/W2073338539","https://openalex.org/W2073570248","https://openalex.org/W2076368770","https://openalex.org/W2079584497","https://openalex.org/W2082758016","https://openalex.org/W2083274289","https://openalex.org/W2084707855","https://openalex.org/W2085558754","https://openalex.org/W2086145212","https://openalex.org/W2092348561","https://openalex.org/W2094511946","https://openalex.org/W2094619416","https://openalex.org/W2094808475","https://openalex.org/W2096650374","https://openalex.org/W2096833353","https://openalex.org/W2098535584","https://openalex.org/W2099372171","https://openalex.org/W2102608359","https://openalex.org/W2103372094","https://openalex.org/W2104974899","https://openalex.org/W2105155111","https://openalex.org/W2106525824","https://openalex.org/W2108603985","https://openalex.org/W2110214305","https://openalex.org/W2112256716","https://openalex.org/W2113865392","https://openalex.org/W2114337876","https://openalex.org/W2115268776","https://openalex.org/W2119368224","https://openalex.org/W2121548909","https://openalex.org/W2123020279","https://openalex.org/W2123433491","https://openalex.org/W2128071009","https://openalex.org/W2128949347","https://openalex.org/W2132760639","https://openalex.org/W2135950071","https://openalex.org/W2136066577","https://openalex.org/W2138456923","https://openalex.org/W2140601992","https://openalex.org/W2145567898","https://openalex.org/W2147389528","https://openalex.org/W2151428556","https://openalex.org/W2153484257","https://openalex.org/W2154433795","https://openalex.org/W2157263868","https://openalex.org/W2159588491","https://openalex.org/W2159837511","https://openalex.org/W2165479584","https://openalex.org/W2167774985","https://openalex.org/W2168226629","https://openalex.org/W2169273211","https://openalex.org/W2170297308","https://openalex.org/W2173370631","https://openalex.org/W2179341425","https://openalex.org/W2191112608","https://openalex.org/W2203916717","https://openalex.org/W2230534501","https://openalex.org/W2262103998","https://openalex.org/W2292107547","https://openalex.org/W2305944345","https://openalex.org/W2313452228","https://openalex.org/W2319322612","https://openalex.org/W2320302900","https://openalex.org/W2325000555","https://openalex.org/W2326584276","https://openalex.org/W2335374783","https://openalex.org/W2410560889","https://openalex.org/W2415864090","https://openalex.org/W2582743722","https://openalex.org/W2748268306","https://openalex.org/W4230991039","https://openalex.org/W4239578492"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2530423613","https://openalex.org/W6945831924","https://openalex.org/W7042949664","https://openalex.org/W1574180269","https://openalex.org/W2128368894","https://openalex.org/W2121548909","https://openalex.org/W2912555638","https://openalex.org/W3111314215","https://openalex.org/W4312952195","https://openalex.org/W2135950071"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Savanna":[0],"elephants":[1,36,51,69,86,151,157,187,256,293],"currently":[2],"inhabit":[3],"some":[4],"of":[5,12,77,85,107,230,242,249,255,272,286,309],"the":[6,93,104,228,240,247,270],"hottest":[7],"environments":[8,16],"in":[9,40,52,146,152,164,177,269,292],"Africa.":[10],"Because":[11],"climate":[13,73,124,273],"change,":[14],"these":[15,310],"are":[17],"likely":[18,282],"to":[19,23,33,57,66,72,81,87,91,102,121,123,136,143,162,257,260],"get":[20],"hotter.":[21],"Due":[22],"their":[24,53,119,165,189],"large":[25],"body":[26,30],"size":[27],"and":[28,90,113,131,138,160,197,212,245,289,304],"small":[29],"surface":[31],"area":[32],"volume":[34],"ratio,":[35],"may":[37,70,295],"face":[38,271],"difficulties":[39],"dissipating":[41],"heat.":[42],"Despite":[43],"this":[44],"suggestion,":[45],"we":[46],"do":[47],"not":[48,220],"understand":[49],"how":[50,68],"natural":[54,166],"environment":[55],"respond":[56,71,258],"present":[58,261],"day":[59,262],"climatic":[60],"extremes,":[61],"which":[62],"limits":[63],"our":[64],"ability":[65,120,254],"predict":[67],"change.":[74,125,274],"\\nThe":[75,251],"goal":[76],"my":[78],"study":[79],"was":[80,219],"quantify":[82,137],"behavioural":[83,129,141],"responses":[84,142],"environmental":[88,108,144,171,194,216,263,279],"temperature":[89,109,133,145,172,280],"investigate":[92],"thermal":[94],"benefits":[95],"thereof.":[96],"In":[97],"so":[98],"doing,":[99],"I":[100,126,206,276],"aimed":[101,191],"assess":[103,139],"potential":[105,297],"consequences":[106,298,311],"on":[110],"habitat":[111,287],"selection":[112,288],"individual":[114,305],"fitness,":[115],"as":[116,118],"well":[117],"adapt":[122],"used":[127],"continuous":[128],"observations":[130],"ambulatory":[132],"recording":[134],"devices":[135],"daytime":[140],"seven":[147],"tame,":[148],"free-ranging":[149],"savanna":[150],"Botswana\u2019s":[153],"Okavango":[154],"Delta.":[155],"The":[156],"were":[158],"unrestrained":[159],"free":[161],"roam":[163],"environment.":[167],"\\nI":[168],"found":[169,208],"that":[170,209,278,294],"played":[173],"a":[174,182,221,231,266,283],"significant":[175,222],"role":[176],"dictating":[178,224],"elephant":[179,225],"behaviour":[180,190,237],"within":[181],"day.":[183],"At":[184],"about":[185],"30\u00b0C,":[186],"adjusted":[188],"at":[192],"reducing":[193],"heat":[195,199],"loads":[196],"increasing":[198,239],"dissipation":[200],"(e.g.":[201],"shade":[202,243],"use,":[203],"wetting":[204],"behaviour).":[205],"further":[207],"resting":[210],"increased":[211],"feeding":[213],"decreased":[214],"with":[215],"temperature.":[217],"Age":[218],"factor":[223],"behaviour.":[226],"However,":[227,275],"presence":[229],"suckling":[232],"calf":[233,300],"influenced":[234],"family":[235],"group":[236],"by":[238],"probability":[241,248],"use":[244,291],"decreasing":[246],"walking.":[250],"clear":[252],"flexible":[253],"behaviourally":[259],"temperatures":[264],"is":[265,281,312],"promising":[267],"observation":[268],"suggest":[277],"key":[284],"determinant":[285],"space":[290],"have":[296],"for":[299],"survival,":[301],"sexual":[302],"segregation":[303],"fitness.":[306],"Further":[307],"investigation":[308],"warranted.":[313]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
