{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1664366554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.67.2.759-764.1993","title":"Biologic importance of neuraminidase stalk length in influenza A virus","display_name":"Biologic importance of neuraminidase stalk length in influenza A virus","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1664366554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.67.2.759-764.1993","mag":"1664366554","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8419645","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/237428"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1128/jvi.67.2.759-764.1993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.67.2.759-764.1993","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.67.2.759-764.1993","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96615428","display_name":"Journal of Virology","issn_l":"0022-538X","issn":["0022-538X","1070-6321","1098-5514"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Virology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W1664366554"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC237428/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023301340","display_name":"Maria Rita Castrucci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8574-3473","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8574-3473"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1313298211","display_name":"St. Jude Children's Research Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02r3e0967","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313298211","https://openalex.org/I2802152183"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M R Castrucci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Virology and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38101-0318"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Virology and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38101-0318","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1313298211"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076363097","display_name":"Yoshihiro Kawaoka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5061-8296","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5061-8296"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1313298211","display_name":"St. Jude Children's Research Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02r3e0967","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313298211","https://openalex.org/I2802152183"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y Kawaoka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Virology and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38101-0318"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Virology and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38101-0318","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1313298211"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1313298211"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6837,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":218,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94804331,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"2","first_page":"759","last_page":"764"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10167","display_name":"Influenza Virus Research Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10167","display_name":"Influenza Virus Research Studies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11135","display_name":"Virology and Viral Diseases","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10835","display_name":"Carbohydrate Chemistry and Synthesis","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1605","display_name":"Organic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/influenza-a-virus","display_name":"influenza A virus","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuraminidase","display_name":"neuraminidase","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-replication","display_name":"viral replication","score":0.5289999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/host-range","display_name":"host range","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/live-attenuated-vaccine","display_name":"live attenuated vaccine","score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reverse-genetics","display_name":"reverse genetics","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systemic-infection","display_name":"systemic infection","score":0.6129999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/respiratory-tract-infections","display_name":"respiratory infections","score":0.5360000133514404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779560860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17103642","display_name":"Stalk","level":2,"score":0.8954635858535767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.8827521800994873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134164806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409485","display_name":"Neuraminidase","level":3,"score":0.8314157724380493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.8193881511688232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.7781879305839539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143065580","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3285695","display_name":"Mutant","level":3,"score":0.6462230086326599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777546802","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q834390","display_name":"Influenza A virus","level":3,"score":0.5917845368385315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140704245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3933202","display_name":"Viral replication","level":3,"score":0.5903823375701904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781416681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287246","display_name":"Orthomyxoviridae","level":4,"score":0.4909556210041046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.15061643719673157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.1315946877002716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000595","descriptor_name":"Amino Acid Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001483","descriptor_name":"Base Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002478","descriptor_name":"Cells, Cultured","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004252","descriptor_name":"DNA Mutational Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006385","descriptor_name":"Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007928","descriptor_name":"Lethal Dose 50","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008807","descriptor_name":"Mice, Inbred BALB C","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008969","descriptor_name":"Molecular Sequence Data","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009439","descriptor_name":"Neuraminidase","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009980","descriptor_name":"Influenza A virus","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009980","descriptor_name":"Influenza A virus","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009980","descriptor_name":"Influenza A virus","qualifier_ui":"Q000472","qualifier_name":"pathogenicity","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012367","descriptor_name":"RNA, Viral","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013329","descriptor_name":"Structure-Activity Relationship","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014018","descriptor_name":"Tissue Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014774","descriptor_name":"Virulence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014779","descriptor_name":"Virus Replication","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016296","descriptor_name":"Mutagenesis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1128/jvi.67.2.759-764.1993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.67.2.759-764.1993","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jvi.67.2.759-764.1993","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S96615428","display_name":"Journal of Virology","issn_l":"0022-538X","issn":["0022-538X","1070-6321","1098-5514"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320263","host_organization_name":"American Society for Microbiology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320263"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society for Microbiology"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Virology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8419645","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8419645","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of virology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:237428","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC237428/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Virol","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:237428","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC237428/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Virol","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.6240000128746033}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G21831185","display_name":"MOLECULAR PATHOGENESIS OF INFLUENZA","funder_award_id":"R01AI029599","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G9000904664","display_name":"Cancer Center Support Grant (CCSG)","funder_award_id":"P30CA021765","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W141710187","https://openalex.org/W1492199595","https://openalex.org/W1894286999","https://openalex.org/W1925471093","https://openalex.org/W1966809561","https://openalex.org/W1987557609","https://openalex.org/W2001689484","https://openalex.org/W2008866321","https://openalex.org/W2011779891","https://openalex.org/W2015210358","https://openalex.org/W2016821690","https://openalex.org/W2018150492","https://openalex.org/W2019728563","https://openalex.org/W2028983108","https://openalex.org/W2032118018","https://openalex.org/W2034643905","https://openalex.org/W2035643332","https://openalex.org/W2036931150","https://openalex.org/W2039828671","https://openalex.org/W2062207296","https://openalex.org/W2063507839","https://openalex.org/W2064931047","https://openalex.org/W2065335184","https://openalex.org/W2071138716","https://openalex.org/W2075540127","https://openalex.org/W2075933757","https://openalex.org/W2078688899","https://openalex.org/W2095601551","https://openalex.org/W2098069272","https://openalex.org/W2112422676","https://openalex.org/W2115202260","https://openalex.org/W2145214260","https://openalex.org/W2175668359","https://openalex.org/W2316205659","https://openalex.org/W2406460005","https://openalex.org/W2888511473","https://openalex.org/W4241615071"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2027374861","https://openalex.org/W4297600293","https://openalex.org/W2189658242","https://openalex.org/W2052334391","https://openalex.org/W1965740833","https://openalex.org/W2753792728","https://openalex.org/W2084667551","https://openalex.org/W2031336395","https://openalex.org/W2102070786","https://openalex.org/W4407562695"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"investigate":[1],"the":[2,6,33,46,54,57,71,74,79,84,86,88,90,96,99,103,121,132,137,150,156,160,171,174,177,182],"biologic":[3],"importance":[4],"of":[5,10,18,23,56,73,81,98,106,120,128,131,136,144,170,176,184],"neuraminidase":[7],"(NA)":[8],"stalk":[9,62,75,101,180],"influenza":[11,107],"A":[12,108],"virus,":[13,59],"we":[14],"generated":[15],"mutant":[16,40,113,152],"viruses":[17],"A/WSN/33":[19],"(H1N1)":[20],"with":[21,78,173],"stalks":[22],"various":[24],"lengths":[25],"(0":[26],"to":[27,53,141],"52":[28],"amino":[29,65],"acids),":[30],"by":[31],"using":[32],"recently":[34],"developed":[35],"reverse":[36],"genetics":[37],"system.":[38],"These":[39],"viruses,":[41],"including":[42],"one":[43],"that":[44,95],"lacked":[45],"entire":[47,178],"stalk,":[48,87],"replicated":[49,153],"in":[50,117,155,166],"tissue":[51],"culture":[52],"level":[55],"parent":[58,138,161],"whose":[60],"NA":[61,100,111,179],"contains":[63],"24":[64],"acid":[66],"residues.":[67],"In":[68],"eggs,":[69],"however,":[70],"length":[72,97],"was":[76,114,146],"correlated":[77],"efficiency":[80],"virus":[82,133,139,162,172],"replication:":[83],"longer":[85],"better":[89],"replication.":[91],"This":[92],"finding":[93],"indicates":[94],"affects":[102],"host":[104],"range":[105],"viruses.":[109],"The":[110],"stalkless":[112,151],"highly":[115],"attenuated":[116],"mice;":[118],"none":[119],"animals":[122],"died":[123],"even":[124],"after":[125],"intranasal":[126],"inoculation":[127],"10(6)":[129],"PFU":[130],"(the":[134],"dose":[135],"required":[140],"kill":[142],"50%":[143],"mice":[145],"10(2.5)":[147],"PFU).":[148],"Moreover,":[149],"only":[154],"respiratory":[157],"organs,":[158],"whereas":[159],"caused":[163],"systemic":[164],"infection":[165],"mice.":[167],"Thus,":[168],"attenuation":[169],"deletion":[175],"raises":[181],"possibility":[183],"its":[185],"use":[186],"as":[187],"live":[188],"vaccines.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
